Abstract: A phosphine derivative of the following general formula ( I ): ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and the aryl group may have an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms) is reacted with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of an organic peroxide and an azo-compound, and the resulting reaction product is hydrolyzed with water, thereby to obtain a phosphinyl-carboxylic acid derivative of the following general formula (III): ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above, and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group). Based on the reaction above-mentioned, ester of free acid and a cyclic acid anhydride can also be obtained. Accordingly, the target compound can be obtained at a relatively low reaction temperature in a short period of time with high yield.

Abstract: This invention is selected novel chiral (essentially pure) alpha-amino phosphonates, process for the preparation which is a catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins and novel intermediates therefor. The alpha-amino phosphonates are useful as antibiotics and/or as intermediates in the preparation of phosphorus-containing analogs of peptides, i.e., phosphonopeptides or pseudopeptides having known uses, such as in antibiotics, antibiotic enhancers, or enzyme inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1-dimethylcarbamoyl-3-substituted-5-substituted-1H-1,2,4-triazoles as defined herein, compositions containing those compounds and methods of use.

Abstract: Novel functionalized peroxides which may be used as crosslinking, grafting and curing agents, initiators for polymerization reactions and as monomers for condensation polymerizations to form peroxy-containing polymers, which in turn can be used to prepare block and graft copolymers, have the following Formula I: ##STR1## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, X, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, x, y and z are as defined in the Summary of the Invention. The compounds of Formula I may be prepared by reacting hydroxy-containing tertiary hydroperoxides with diacid halides, phosgene, dichloroformates, diisocyanates, anhydrides and lactones to form the functionalized peroxides. These reaction products may be further reacted, if desired, with dialcohols, diamines, aminoalcohols, epoxides, epoxy alcohols, epoxy amines, diacid halides, dichloroformates and diisocyanates to form additional functionalized peroxides.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with aniline derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl or aryl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl which can be substituted by hydroxyl, amino carboxyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkanoylamide lower alkyl or aryl or by a group of the structure ##STR2## is which R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 have the meanings given hereinafter, R.sub.3 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a carboxyl group, R.sub.4 and R'.sub.4, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen or halogen, carboxyl or lower alkoxy or lower alkyl radicals which are preferably in the m-position, R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl and R.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for efficiently producing a carboxylic acid ester and formamide by reacting a carboxylic acid amide with a formic acid ester or with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a strongly basic anion-exchange resin. By the use of the strongly basic anion-exchange resin as the catalyst, the process of the present invention enables the efficient production of the carboxylic acid ester as well as formamide from the Carboxylic acid amide and Formic acid ester, etc. with a high selectivity under mild reaction conditions and facilitates the separation of the catalyst from the reaction product, thereby greatly enhancing the industrial significance of itself.

Abstract: A single step process for converting aldaric acid salts to activated aldarates utilizing a lower alkanol as both solvent and esterifying agent is described. The activated aldarates are particularly useful as monomers for polymerizations with primary diamines in which the nitrogen atoms are bound to aliphatic carbon atoms to form poly(aldaramides).

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## and their salts in which R.sub.1 is optionally substituted phenyl, R.sub.2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or optionally substituted amino, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring and R.sub.5 is H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or a group of formula S(O).sub.m R.sub.8 in which m is 0, 1 or 2 and R.sub.8 is alkyl have utility in the treatment of diabetes particularly in the treatment of hyperglycaemia.

Abstract: A method is provided for the separation of at least one aromatic amino acid from an aqueous solution of mixed amino acids including the aromatic amino acid. The aqueous solution is brought into contact with a strongly acidic gel-type cation exchange resin which has been converted into a salt with an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, whereby the aromatic amino acid is selectively sorbed by the cation exchange resin. The aromatic amino acid thus sorbed can then be desorbed from the ion exchange resin, preferably with water.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are alkyl or aralkyl or any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 together form a cycloalkyl ring and Y is S or S(O) is prepared by reacting N-phosphonomethylglycine with a compound of formula (II) ##STR2## where m is 0 or 1 in the presence of a base. A preferred compound of formula (I) is trimethylsulphonium N-phosphonomethylglycine and a preferred compound of formula (II) is trimethylsulphonium hydrogen sulphate.

Abstract: The solubility and stability of rhodium catalysts in rhodium-catalysed carbonylation of alkyl esters or alkyl ethers under substantially anhydrous conditions to produce carboxylic acid anhydrides is improved by the use of co-promoters selected from the group:1,3-dialkyl-4-methylimidazolium iodide;1,3-dialkyl-4-ethylimidazolium iodide;1,3-dialkyl-4-n-propylimidazolium iodide;1,3-dialkyl-4-isopropylimidazolium iodide;1,3-dialkyl-4-n-butylimidazolium iodide1,3-dialkyl-4-sec-butylimidazolium iodide1,3-dialkyl-4-tert-butylimidazolium iodide;1,3-dialkyl-2,4,5-trimethylimidazolium iodide and mixtures thereof wherethe alkyl groups are independently C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl.

Abstract: Substituted 2-aminoalk-3-enoic acid derivative of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical that is substituted by optionally acylated or aliphatically or araliphatically etherified hydroxy, by halogen, by optionally acylated and/or aliphatically substituted amino or by an aza-, diaza-, azoxa- or oxa-cycloaliphatic radical, or is an oxacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical bonded via a carbon atom, or is an optionally aliphatically N-substituted or N-acylated azacycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and R.sub.2 is free or esterified carboxy, and their salts exhibit NMDA-antagonistic properties and are useful as active ingredients of anticonvulsive medicaments.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (1) and salts thereof from a glucose source containing 1,4-linked glucose as a substituent is described. The process uses an alkali metal hdyroxide and hydrogen peroxide to convert the glucose source to (1). The compound (1) is useful as a chemical intermediate to naturally occurring fatty acids and is used to prepare 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid-gamma-lactone (2) and furanone (3), particularly stereoisomers of these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for the synthesis of substituted arylureidophenoxymethyl propionic acids and an analogous benzamides series of compounds which have activity in the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin. In addition the process may be utilized to prepare compounds which are known.

Abstract: As new compounds are now provided N-methyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine alkyl esters which are effective as an .alpha.-adrenergic and .beta.-adrenergic agent to stimulate the .alpha.-adrenergic and .beta.-adrenergic functions of the central nervous system of mammalian animals and are expectable to be useful for therapeutic treatment of disorders as invoked by reduced biological activities or functions of the .alpha.- and/or .beta.-adrenergic neurons. N-methyl-L-threo-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl esters are preferred amongst the new compounds of this invention.

Abstract: An efficient and commercially-viable method for the stereoselective transformation of a diol to an alcohol is disclosed. The present method is particularly well-suited for the preparation of the unnatural D-isomer of malic acid or its derivatives from the abundant naturally occurring L-tartaric acid or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel compound, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-acetic acid, its preparation and the preparation of related compounds, and the use of said compounds as intermediates for the preparation of N-phosphonomethylglycine.

Abstract: A method for separating .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (.alpha.-APM) from a solution containing .alpha.-APM and impurities associated with the production thereof which comprises adding a mineral acid or an organic sulfonic acid to the solution in an organic carboxylic acid or in a solvent containing an organic carboxylic acid, and isolating the pure salt of .alpha.-APM which precipitates therefrom.

Abstract: This invention relates to N-hydroxy-N-[3-[2-(4'-halophenylthio)phenyl]prop-2-enyl]ureas, formulations containing those compounds and methods of using such compounds as 5-lipoxygenase inhibiting agents.

Abstract: Novel fluorinated, acrylamide monomers are prepared from 2-alkenyl azlactones reacted with fluorinated alcohols. The novel monomers have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 are independently hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently can be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl group, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 taken together with the carbon to which they are joined can form a carbocyclic ring containing 4 to 12 ring atoms;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;a is 0 or 1;b is 1 or 2;X is a single bond, CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2, and CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 ; andR.sub.F is a substantially perfluorinated alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl group when b is 1 and perfluorinated alkylene when b is 2.Novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared from the monomers of the invention.