Abstract: A protein transduction method for efficiently delivery of exogenous proteins into mammalian cells is invented, which has the capability of targeting different cellular compartments and protection from degradation of the delivered proteins from cellular proteases. A composition for treat proteins has cation reagents, lipids and enhancers in a carrier. The method can be used in a number of ways including: production of large quantities of properly folded, post-translationally modified proteins using mammalian cell machinery a in-cell fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging using small molecule fluorophores and a in-cell NMR spectroscopy using living mammalian cells. The method permits cell biology at atomic resolution that is physiologically and pathological relevant and permits protein therapy to treat human diseases. The method can also be used to deliver exogenous protein inside mammalian cells, wherein the exogenous proteins follow a similar secretion pathway as that of the endogenous protein.

Abstract: A new sensitive cell biomarker of solid tumors is identified in blood. This biomarker can be used to determine presence of solid tumors, rapid determination of treatment response, early detection of cancer, early detection of cancer recurrence, and may be used to determine therapy.

Abstract: The stiffness and topology of ultra-small circular DNAs and DNA/peptide hybrids are exploited to create a transducer of enzyme activity with low error rates. The modularity and flexibility of the concept are illustrated by demonstrating various transducers that respond to either specific restriction endonucleases or to specific proteases. In all cases the output is a DNA oligo signal that, as we show, can readily be converted directly to an optical readout, or can serve as input for further processing, for example, using DNA logic or amplification. By exploiting the DNA hairpin (or stem-loop) structure and the phenomenon of strand displacement, an enzyme signal is converted into a DNA signal, in the manner of a transducer. This is valuable because a DNA signal can be readily amplified, combined, and processed as information.

Abstract: Provided is a method for improving the yield of rhamnolipids comprising culturing in medium containing a triglyceride containing oil and sweetener as a carbon source.

Abstract: A method for controlling self-propelled particles includes providing the particles to a liquid crystalline medium having predesigned local ordering. The method may control at least one of: a local concentration, trajectory, and net flow of self-propelled particles.

Abstract: This application provides methods for treating a human subject suffering from a bone fracture by administering to the subject a population of cells enriched from STRO-1+ multipotential cells and/or multipotential progeny of such cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure disclosed is method for improving the transparency of starch liquefaction, and belongs to the field of biologically modified starch. The method changes the molecular structure of the starch liquefaction product by adding a 1,4-?-glucan branching enzyme from Rhodothermus obamensis, so the molecular structure has a smaller branched chain and a higher branching degree, thereby achieving the purpose of improving transparency and stability. The method comprises the steps of dissolving a starch liquefaction product in water according to a certain concentration to prepare an aqueous solution of the starch liquefaction product, and adding a 1,4-?-glucan branching enzyme to react at a certain temperature for a period of time, so as to improve the transparency of the starch liquefaction product during storage. The method provides a new idea for improving the stability of starch liquefaction products, and has great potential and application prospects.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for cryoprotecting a biological tissue can involve a cryoprotective agent and a metal component that includes a metal foam, a metal foil, or a metal seed. The method allows the biological tissue to be rewarmed at a rate of at least 100° C./min.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a sugar composition. The method includes: forming a mixture including polysaccharide biomass and an ionic liquid solution, wherein the ionic liquid solution contains water and an ionic liquid, and wherein the ionic liquid contains a dicarboxylic acid anion and a cation. The pH of the mixture is greater than or equal to about 10, and the molar ratio of the dicarboxylic acid anion to the cation is at least about 1:2. The method further includes: maintaining the mixture under conditions sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the polysaccharide present in the polysaccharide biomass; reducing the pH of the mixture containing the dissolved polysaccharide to at least about 7; adding at least one glycoside hydrolase to the mixture having the reduced pH.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improved method for treating a lignocellulose biomass in order to dissolve the lignin therein, while the cellulose does not dissolve. The cellulose pulp obtained can be used to produce glucose. In addition the lignin can be isolated for subsequent use in the renewable chemical industry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not all of pythiums contained in a test sample are non-phytopathogenic. The method comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a film comprising a through-hole having a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.785 square micrometers and not more than 7.065 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest after the step (a); (c) observing a back surface of the film after the step (b); and (d) determining that all of the pythiums contained in the test sample are non-phytopathogenic, if pseudohyphae are not found on the back surface of the film in the step (c).

Abstract: A protein kinase that includes a donor molecule and an acceptor molecule, methods of making the protein kinase, and methods of using the protein kinase are described. Measurement of the conformation of the kinase can be obtained using intramolecular FRET. The protein kinase can be used to, for example, identify conformational changes involved in kinase regulation, that is, as an allostery sensor; to identify kinase-binding molecules including, for example, kinase inhibitors; to identify cancer therapeutics; or for high-throughput screening.

Abstract: Provided is a method for facilitating an aerobic fermentation reaction using combustion waste gas, wherein organic waste in a reactor is heated using waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion to facilitate the fermentation reaction, some of the chemical substances in the waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion are absorbed by the organic waste in the reactor, and an environmental friendly treatment is performed on the waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion. The specific practices comprise: connecting a gas outlet of a combustion device to a conveying pipe, and then connecting the conveying pipe to a gas inlet of the reactor or an air chamber aeration nozzle at a lower part of the reactor. Not only the equipment and cost for combustion waste gas treatments are saved, but also the aerobic fermentation efficiency of the organic waste is improved, which reduces the fermentation time.

Abstract: A method of culturing Haematococcus species for manufacturing of astaxanthin comprising the steps of: providing a substrate, arranging the Haematococcus species on the surface of the substrate, exposing the Haematococcus species arranged on the substrate to high light intensities from the beginning of a culturing process and avoiding a two-step culturing process of the Haematococcus species with a first step which is an initial culturing taking place by exposure of the Haematococcus species to low light energy followed by a second step of subsequent culturing of the Haematococcus species by exposure of the Haematococcus species to higher light energy than applied in the first step to induce astaxanthin formation, and optionally harvesting the cultured Haematococcus species and/or isolating astaxanthin.

Abstract: Methylopila sp. and use thereof in the selective resolution preparation of (S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetate. Methylopila sp. that produces enzymes is subjected to cell immobilization, and is then applied to the biological resolution of a racemate (R,S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid ethyl ester to prepare high optically pure (S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid ethyl ester, which is further subjected to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain (S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetate. The present invention achieves a high conversion yield up to 50.0% or more, a good stereoselectivity, and an enantiomeric excess value e.e.s (%) of (S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid ethyl ester not less than 99.5; the catalytic efficiency is high; the concentration of the racemic substrate in the resolution reaction is up to 500 g/L, the reaction time does not exceed 15 h, the number of reuse times of the immobilized cells is not lower than 35.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to nutritional supplement including a peptide component. The nutritional supplement further includes a source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The disclosure further relates to methods of protecting against obesity and its related metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases in a target subject by providing the nutritional supplement(s) disclosed herein to a target subject, which includes a pediatric subject.

Abstract: Methods of treating an inert surface of a substrate to improve the adherence to the treated surface of micro-dimensioned particles including the steps of: contacting the inert surface with in an aqueous dispersion of a construct of the structure F-S-L; and then washing the surface with an aqueous vehicle to provide the treated surface, where F is a polyamine; S is —CO(CH2)2CO—, —CO(CH2)3CO—, —CO(CH2)4CO— or —CO(CH2)5CO—; and L is a diacyl- or dialkyl-glycerophospholipid.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a device. The device includes a body comprising a waterproof base, a waterproof coversheet attached to the base, and a channel disposed between the base and the coversheet. The channel has a perimeter and an opening that provides liquid access to the channel. A portion of the perimeter is defined by a waterproof seal. A dry first oxygen-scavenging reagent and an indicator reagent for detecting sulfate reduction by a sulfate-reducing bacterium are disposed in the device between the base and the coversheet. The waterproof base comprises a plurality of open microcompartment structures facing the coversheet.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the effectiveness of a decontamination process, the device including a bacteria cell as the indicator test organism and optionally a substrate, where the indicator test organism may include a Mycobacteria terrae cell, and methods of using the monitoring device to evaluate the efficacy of a decontamination process.

Abstract: The stiffness and topology of ultra-small circular DNAs and DNA/peptide hybrids are exploited to create a transducer of enzyme activity with low error rates. The modularity and flexibility of the concept are illustrated by demonstrating various transducers that respond to either specific restriction endonucleases or to specific proteases. In all cases the output is a DNA oligo signal that, as we show, can readily be converted directly to an optical readout, or can serve as input for further processing, for example, using DNA logic or amplification By exploiting the DNA hairpin (or stem-loop) structure and the phenomenon of strand displacement, an enzyme signal is converted into a DNA signal, in the manner of a transducer. This is valuable because a DNA signal can be readily amplified, combined, and processed as information.