Abstract: Disclosed is a method for etching graphene using a DNA sample of a predetermined DNA shape. The DNA sample is preferably placed onto a reaction area of a piece of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and both the DNA sample and HOPG are then preferably placed into a humidity-controlled chamber. Humidity is preferably applied to the HOPG to produce a film of water across the surface of the DNA sample. Electrical voltage is also applied to the HOPG to create potential energy for the etching process. After the etching is completed, the reaction area is typically rinsed with deionized water.

Abstract: A method for electrodepositing a coating/free-standing layer on a workpiece in an electrolytic cell includes moving the workpiece and an anode applicator tool having a consumable anode insert relative to each other; anodically dissolving a metal from the insert and cathodically depositing the metal on the workpiece; providing flow of electrolyte solution through the insert to ensure that greater than 90% of the anodic reaction is represented by dissolution of the metal; recirculating collected electrolyte solution exiting the electrolytic cell through the insert; applying an electric current to the electrolytic cell; maintaining a concentration of the anodically dissolved metal within ±25% of each Ampere-hour per liter of electroplating solution; and creating a cathodic electrodeposit on the workpiece which includes the anodically dissolved metal, the chemical composition of the deposit varying by less than 25% in the deposition direction over a selected thickness of up to 25 microns of the deposit.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles with better catalytic performance than ever before and a carbon-supported catalyst with better catalytic performance than ever before.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the formation of multi-layer paint films with the omission of a mid-coat paint coating process. The method comprises the use of a particular aqueous colored paint (A) comprising a prescribed amount of specified titanium oxide that has been compounded, The resulting multi-layer paint films have a very bright paint color, and especially a white or light-colored color, and have excellent concealing properties. The aqueous colored paint (A) is characterized by containing from 50 to 60 mass % with respect to the whole paint solid fraction of titanium oxide of specific surface area not more than 13 m2/g.

Abstract: A process train for a floating production storage and offloading installation includes a crude oil storage tank equipped with at least one set of electrostatic internals. The set of electrostatic internals are arranged to provide a treatment flow path within the crude oil storage tank oblique to a longitudinal centerline of the crude oil storage tank and through an electric field provided by the set of electrostatic internals. Employing these electrostatic internals within the tank permits an allowable inlet water content into the tank of up to 80%, significantly reducing the required topside processing equipment. The process and system also includes, upstream of the tank, two separator vessels arranged in parallel so each receives a portion of an incoming oil-and-water stream, a flash vessel arranged downstream of the two separator vessels, and a degasser vessel. Downstream of the crude oil storage tank is an electrostatic treater.

Abstract: A system and method for dehydrating crude oil on a floating production storage and offloading installation include a separator vessel to receive an incoming produced water stream, followed by a flash vessel, a treatment block, a crude oil storage tank, and an electrostatic treater. The treatment block includes a low pressure degasser followed by a compact electrostatic separator pre-treater or a compact electrostatic separator pre-treater followed by a low pressure degasser. The flash vessel and/or the low pressure degasser may employ an inlet cyclonic distributor and demisting cyclones, while the electrostatic treater may employ DUAL FREQUENCY® technology. The separator vessel may be a single horizontal two-phase separator/degasser or two vertical two-phase separator/degassers that operate in parallel with each receiving approximately 50 percent of the incoming produced water stream. The final outlet stream preferably contains no more than 0.5 BS&W and 285 milligrams per liter salt.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide fine catalyst particles to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed, and a carbon-supported catalyst to which sulfate ions are less likely to be adsorbed.

Abstract: An advanced coating for parts used in plasma processing chamber. The advanced coating is formed over an anodized surface that has not been sealed. After the coating is formed, the coated area is masked, and the remaining anodized surface is sealed. The porous and rough structure of the anodized but un-sealed aluminum enhances adhesion of the coating. However, to prevent particle generation, the exposed anodized surface is sealed after formation of the coating. The coating can be of yttria, formed by plasma enhanced atomic deposition techniques which results in a dense and smooth coating.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition apparatus and methods of using the same are provided herein.

Abstract: A device is for treating and packaging implants. The device includes a container including a chamber therein. The chamber is closed by a removable seal. The device also includes a carrier sized and shaped to be inserted into the chamber. The carrier includes a carrying structure configured to connect an implant thereto. A portion of the carrier may be formed of an electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A method of making property modulated composite materials includes depositing a first layer of material having a first microstructure/nanostructure on a substrate followed by depositing a second layer of material having a second microstructure/nanostructure that differs from the first layer. Multiple first and second layers can be deposited to form a composite material that includes a plurality of adjacent first and second layers. By controlling the microstructure/nanostructure of the layers, the material properties of the composite material formed by this method can be tailored for a specific use. The microstructures/nanostructures of the composite materials may be defined by one or more of grain size, grain boundary geometry, crystal orientation, and a defect density.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling stray fields of a magnetic feature are provided. One such method can involve selecting a plurality of materials for a magnetic feature, selecting a plurality of additives, combining the plurality of materials for the magnetic feature and the plurality of additives in an electrolyte solution to form a combined solution, adding nitrogen to the combined solution, degassing the combined solution, depositing the combined solution as a thin film on a wafer using pulse plating, and lapping the thin film to form an edge of the magnetic feature. In several embodiments, the magnetic feature is a component of a magnetic transducer such as a writer pole, a reader shield, or a writer shield.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and device for oxidative erosion or for decontamination of a metallic surface, comprising a step consisting of intermittently polarizing the metallic surface to be eroded or decontaminated, placed in contact with a solution containing manganese VII, at a more anodic electric potential than the corrosion potential of said surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for recovering multiple kinds of ions, which includes: an ion adsorption tank that includes a plurality of adsorption channels arranged in parallel and including a first electrode unit electrically adsorbing only negative ions and a second electrode unit having an adsorbent layer for adsorbing positive ions to be recovered from positive ions, in which electricity is independently supplied to the adsorption channels; a water tank that keeps liquid discharged from the ion adsorption tank; a pump that circulates mother liquor or liquid stored in the water tank; and an ion recovering tank that keeps liquid containing positive ions to be recovered. According to the present disclosure, a series of processes make it possible to continuously recover ions to be recovered, so the operation efficiency of the system can be maximized.

Abstract: Modular cathode assemblies are useable in electrolytic reduction systems and include a basket through which fluid electrolyte may pass and exchange charge with a material to be reduced in the basket. The basket can be divided into upper and lower sections to provide entry for the material. Example embodiment cathode assemblies may have any shape to permit modular placement at any position in reduction systems. Modular cathode assemblies include a cathode plate in the basket, to which unique and opposite electrical power may be supplied. Example embodiment modular cathode assemblies may have standardized electrical connectors. Modular cathode assemblies may be supported by a top plate of an electrolytic reduction system. Electrolytic oxide reduction systems are operated by positioning modular cathode and anode assemblies at desired positions, placing a material in the basket, and charging the modular assemblies to reduce the metal oxide.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte membrane (13) is arranged on a surface of an anode (11) between the anode (11) and a substrate (B) that serves as a cathode. The solid electrolyte membrane (13) is brought into contact with the substrate (B). At the same time, a metal film (F) is formed on the surface of the substrate (B) by causing metal to precipitate onto the surface of the substrate (B) from metal ions through application of voltage between the anode (11) and the substrate (B) in a first contact state where the solid electrolyte membrane (13) contacts the substrate (B). The metal ions are contained inside the solid electrolyte membrane (13).

Abstract: An apparatus for electroplating a layer of metal onto the surface of a wafer includes an auxiliary electrode that is configured to function both as an auxiliary cathode and an auxiliary anode during the course of electroplating. The apparatus further includes an ionic current collimator (e.g., a focus ring) configured to direct ionic current from the main anode to central portions of the wafer. The provided configuration effectively redistributes ionic current in the plating system allowing plating of uniform metal layers and mitigating the terminal effect. In one example, the auxiliary electrode functions as an auxiliary cathode in the beginning of electroplating when the terminal effect is pronounced, and subsequently is anodically biased.

Abstract: A method of depositing aluminum onto a substrate is disclosed. In this method, the substrate is disposed as cathode in an electrochemical cell with an anode and a liquid electrodeposition composition comprising an ionic liquid and a source of aluminum, and aluminum is electroplated onto the substrate. Residual water content in the electroplating bath is controlled by exposure to light in the presence of a photo-oxidation catalyst to decompose the water or species associated with water.

Abstract: Room temperature electrochemical methods to deposit thin films of chalcogenide glasses.

Abstract: This disclosure enables high-productivity controlled fabrication of uniform porous semiconductor layers (made of single layer or multi-layer porous semiconductors such as porous silicon, comprising single porosity or multi-porosity layers). Some applications include fabrication of MEMS separation and sacrificial layers for die detachment and MEMS device fabrication, membrane formation and shallow trench isolation (STI) porous silicon (using porous silicon formation with an optimal porosity and its subsequent oxidation). Further, this disclosure is applicable to the general fields of photovoltaics, MEMS, including sensors and actuators, stand-alone, or integrated with integrated semiconductor microelectronics, semiconductor microelectronics chips and optoelectronics.