Abstract: A method and system, including a valve (32) for controlling the amount of fluid purged from a cylinder (12) of a two-cycle engine prior to the combustion of an air-fuel mixture within the cylinder especially during low demand periods of engine operation. The system including a throttle (26) disposed upstream of an inlet port (14) and controlled to be maintained in an open condition during such intervals. The valve (32), which is adapted to communicate with a scavenge port (30) includes a piston (80) that is movable relative to an aperature (76) in response to a pressure differential created in part by the operation of a cooperating electromagnetic valve (54), such that when the piston is moved to uncover the aperture a predeterminable amount of fluid within the cylinder can be purged therefrom as the cylinder piston is moved through its compression cycle.

Abstract: A method of operating a two-stroke spark ignition engine (9) wherein the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber (22). The timing of the injection of the fuel is varied according to engine load and speed conditions. Under low load and speed conditions at least 80% of the fuel is injected after closure of the exhaust port (20) whereas under some high load conditions at least 80% of the fuel is injected before closure of the exhaust port (20). The method may also comprise adjustment of ignition timing so that, in conjunction with low load and speed conditions, ignition occurs at least 5.degree. of crankshaft rotation after commencement of fuel injection and up to 70.degree. before top dead center of the engine cycle.

Abstract: A device for controlling the illumination within a room without touching the light or its power source. This device includes the use of a shade which blocks the light emitted.

Abstract: An exhaust timing control apparatus for two-cycle engines of the type having one or more exhaust ports extending outwardly from the cylinder. A valve body is pivotally mounted within the exhaust passage in a recess specifically provided therefore. The valve has a control surface approaching the cylinder to define an apparent upper timing edge of the exhaust port. Holes are provided through the valve body for flow to operate to inhibit the build up of carbon deposits which often inhibit the operation of the valve. An inclined surface may be formed on the surface of the valve body to facilitate the removal of carbon. Edges may also be provided on the valve body which cooperate with the walls of the recess in the exhaust passage to knock off carbon build up such that it might be conveyed through the exhaust pipe and from the system.

Abstract: The cylinder head (401) of a turbocompounded 2-stroke piston engine incorporates, for each cylinder (400), an indirect combustion chamber (402) which is connected to the cylinder clearance volume (413) by a passage (412). The indirect combustion chamber (402) incorporates the inlet valve (408) so that when the valve opens, turbocharging air flows into the cylinder through the chamber (402) and the passage (412). This allows a large proportion of the cylinder head area to be devoted to the exhaust valves (410), with advantages in good scavenging and maximizing mass flow rates through the cylinder.

Abstract: A fluorescent light fixture is provided which is suitable to be interchangeable with an incandescent lighting fixture recessed in a ceiling which includes a connector plug adapted to be inserted in a conventional incandescent lamp socket extending from a housing mounted on the fluorescent lamp activator housing having two horizontally disposed twin-tube type fluorescent lamps with a reflector between the lamp housing and the lamps which are configured and adapted to increase the lighting emitted from an open end of the lamp housing.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder and a piston axially movable within the cylinder and formed with cylindrical projections extending axially outwardly from the piston and being of a smaller diameter than that of the piston. The piston and its projections are formed with ducts which are connectable with inlet ports formed in the wall of the cylinder for admitting air and/or air/fuel mixture into combustion chambers of the engine and outlet ports for expelling exhaust gases from the combustion chambers, upon the movement of the piston. The ducts are formed one each within one of two longitudinal piston halves. The inlet ports, outlet ports and ducts are assigned to two longitudinal halves of the piston and its projections and arranged in the engine so that the admission of air and/or air/fuel mixture into the combustion chambers and the removal of exhaust gases therefrom via short, low-turbulence paths are controlled only by the position of the piston and its projections within the cylinder.

Abstract: An intake system for an internal combustion engine comprises: an intake passage having an intake port and an inertial supercharging intake pipe leading from the passage; a rotary valve in the intake pipe and rotatable for opening and closing the intake pipe; and timing adjusting means for changing the opening timing of the rotary valve in accordance with engine speed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber having at least two rigidly fixed inner wall surfaces and at least three movable inner wall surfaces reciprocally mounted and adapted to reciprocate from a first position lessening the internal volume of the combustion chamber to a second position expanding the internal volume of the combustion chamber. The reciprocal linear movements of the movable, inner wall surfaces are operatively coupled to a crankshaft means. A spark plug is secured in the combustion chamber and has the spark gap terminals thereof extending into the combustion chamber. A pair of inlet and exhaust valves disposed in the combustion chamber and opening inwardly thereinto complete the mamor components of the novel engine.

Abstract: This invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising: a combustion chamber having at least one rigidly fixed inner wall surface and at least two movable inner wall surfaces reciprocally mounted and adapted to reciprocate from a first position lessening the internal volume of the combustion chamber to a second position expanding the internal volume of the combustion chamber; the two movable, inner wall surfaces are adapted to remain in the first position lessening the internal volume of the combustion chamber of a crankshaft means operatively attached to each of the movable, inner wall surfaces; a spark plug secured in the combustion chamber and having the spark gap terminals thereof extending into the combustion chamber; and a pair of inlet and exhaust valves disposed in the combustion chamber and opening inwardly thereinto complete the major components of the novel engine.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine with a transfer pressure plate affixed to the intake passage, the transfer port pressure plate has a central aperture with a plurality of jets directed into that central aperture area, the jets being fed by a conduit connected to the crankcase of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a swirl chamber type combustion chamber for a diesel engine having an injection passage provided for to guide the stream of combustion gas gradually spreading right and left during the injection from the swirl chamber to the main combustion chamber, a top surface of a piston head is provided with a concavity formed in such a configuration as gradually spreading right and left as progressing from the inlet end to the outlet end thereof, for example like an unfolded-fan. And the inlet end of the concavity is located so as to face to the outlet of the injection passage. The stream of combustion gas injected from the injection passage is to be guided so as to be sufficiently diffused in the main combustion chamber by the concavity.

Abstract: A lighting fixture adapted for uniformly illuminating a wall surface by utilizing an asymmetric light reflection pattern. The fixture includes a support housing and an elongated concave-shaped reflector which is pivotably attached to the support housing and has multiple facet surfaces arranged for reflecting light from the centrally located light source out through a front opening, which is covered with an ultraviolet filtering glass diffusion plate. The reflector has major rear and minor front reflecting portions, each portion containing multiple facet surfaces arranged in upper and lower zones with varying angles measured relative to a central vertical plane selected for reflecting light from the light source uniformly out through the diffusion plate to provide an asymmetric lighting pattern for uniformly illuminating a wall surface.

Abstract: Improvements are disclosed to systems adapted for the control of automated or variable parameter lighting fixtures and devices capable of varying a plurality of beam parameters such as the pan, tilt, size, shape, color, and focus on the basis of desired adjustments stored by the control system for each of a plurality of desired lighting effects. Such a control system is provided with a means, such as a port, for coupling to an external device having at least one output and capable of a plurality of conditions each of which may be used to identify a different lighting effect so that the operation of the control system and the external device may be synchronized.

Abstract: A corneal vacuum trephine system including a suction ring having an annular suction ring surface configured to define a suction annular space positionable against the eye. A vacuum device creates a vacuum in the suction annular space to secure the suction ring to the eye over the cornea. A trephine having a cutting edge is positionable so as to be movable relative to the suction ring for making with its cutting edge a circular cut in the cornea. A trephine guide is positionable on the suction ring for subsequently guiding the trephine therethrough and relative to the cornea. The guide permits the trephine to be separated from the suction ring after cutting the cornea when the suction ring is secured to the eye so that the cut in the cornea can be examined and the trephine positioned again in the suction ring precisely in the same place and orientation in the incomplete cornea cut to deepen the cut.

Abstract: A marine fuel injection system for a two cycle crankcase compression internal combustion engine includes a puddled fuel return line (44) between the crankcase (16) and a vapor separator (33). A shut-off valve (50) in the puddled fuel return line (44) is closed at high engine speed to prevent the flow at a high rate of a substantially gaseous medium to the vapor separator, to prevent fuel foaming otherwise caused thereby in the vapor separator and which would pass through the vapor vent line (41) to the induction manifold (17), causing an over-rich condition at high engine speed. At low engine speed, the shut-off valve (50) is open, permitting flow of puddled fuel to the vapor separator, which flow is substantially more liquidic and at a lower rate.

Abstract: A three-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine has first and third diametrically opposed pistons and a third piston arranged to reciprocate on an axis at right angles to that of the cylinders. A connecting link assembly is connected at its upper end to the second piston and at its lower end is slidably guided in the engine casing and carries a counterweight. The connecting link assembly has a central parallel sided transverse opening in which can slide a drive block rotatably mounted on a crankpin portion of the engine output shaft which has balance weights. The first and third pistons are interconnected by a further connecting link assembly which is connected to the crankpin in a similar manner. The first and third pistons reciprocate in quadrature with the second piston and the counterweight so that the combined effect of the reciprocating masses is one mass concentrated at the axis of the crankpin and thus readily balanced by the crankshaft balance weight.

Abstract: A marine fuel injection system for a two cycle crankcase compression internal combustion engine includes a puddled fuel return line (44) having an outlet (44b) in the excess fuel return line (43) from the fuel injector (24) and pressure regulator (26) to the vapor separator (33) and high pressure fuel pump (25) for recirculation. Excess fuel return flow creates a vacuum at the outlet (44b) of the puddled fuel return line (44) to suction puddled fuel therethrough for recirculation together with the excess fuel to the fuel pump (25). The end (44d) of the puddled fuel return line (44) at the outlet (44b) extends within and parallel to the excess fuel return line (43) to occupy a portion of the cross sectional area of the latter to reduce such cross-sectional area and create a venturi in the excess fuel return line (43) at the outlet (44b) of the puddled fuel return line (44).

Abstract: An intake device of an engine comprising a surge tank. The interior of the surge tank is divided into a first interior chamber and a second interior chamber by a separating wall. The separating wall has a cutaway portion into which the separating wall portion of a valve holder is inserted, and a control valve is arranged in the separating wall portion. The clearance between the separating wall portion and the wall of the cutaway portion is sealed by a band-like seal member.

Abstract: The control apparatus is intended for use in controlling a variable-effective-length air intake system of the type which has two volumetric chambers connected, respectively, to two groups of engine cylinders and which incorporates a flow control valve for controlling the communication between the two volumetric chambers to vary the effective length of the intake system in response to the rotational speed and load of an internal combustion engine. The control apparatus comprises a control means that detects the rate of acceleration of the engine and selectively causes the flow control valve to be controlled according to the throttle valve aperture during an accelerating condition of the engine and according to the amount of intake air per one revolution of the engine during steady load condition. Such a selective control improves the responsiveness of the control apparatus during acceleration while ensuring accurate control during a steady load condition.