Abstract: Provided is a process for treating water, wherein the water comprises dissolved ions that comprise an undesired cation, wherein the processes comprises (a) providing a collection of specified polymeric beads wherein 90% or more of the beads by volume are uniform beads; (b) then passing the water through a bed of the collection of polymeric beads to exchange the undesired ion for ions (iv), (c) then passing a regeneration solution comprising dissolved ions (v) of the same species as ions (iv) through the bed of the collection of polymeric beads to exchange ions (v) for the undesired ions.

Abstract: An adsorbent includes a porous substrate and a carboxylic acid dimer loaded onto the porous substrate. The carboxylic acid dimer is loaded on the surface or in the plurality of holes of the porous substrate. The average pore size of the porous substrate is not smaller than 2 nm. The carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate by at least one of the following manners: a) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through a Si—OH bond; b) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through the exchange between a carboxyl group and chlorine; c) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through the exchange between a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group; and d) the carboxylic acid dimer is loaded onto the porous substrate through the coordination of a carboxyl group and aluminum or silicon.

Abstract: Hydrophobic particles such as coal and hydrophobized mineral fines can be readily separated from hydrophilic impurities by forming agglomerates in water using a hydrophobic liquids such as oil. The agglomerates of hydrophobic particles usually entrap large amounts of water, causing the moisture of the recovered hydrophobic particles to be excessively high. This problem can be overcome by dispersing the hydrophobic agglomerates in a hydrophobic liquid that can be readily recycled. The dispersion can be achieved using specially designed apparatus and methods that can create a turbulence that can help destabilize the agglomerates in a recyclable hydrophobic liquid and facilitate the dispersion.

Abstract: A method for producing a nanocomposite sorbent comprising carbon nanotube-grafted acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer which involves copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide in the presence of an aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes. The method yields a nanocomposite sorbent material having a reversible adsorption capacity phenol of 5 to 2500 ?g of phenol per mg of nanocomposite sorbent. Also disclosed is a method for removing organic pollutants from water using the nanocomposite sorbent.

Abstract: A device for purifying at least one fluid is provided. The device includes at least a first ion exchange column, an inlet line and an outlet line. The inlet line and the outlet line are associated with a cover part, the inlet line is connected to a first supply line into a first free space between a bottom part and at least one nozzle insert, which is formed as a first bottom nozzle insert, and the nozzle insert has a number of openings for the passage of the fluid. The openings are distributed over at least a partial surface of the nozzle insert, by which the fluid can be introduced into a first volume of the ion exchange column which can be filled with an ion exchange resin.

Abstract: An oil adsorbent is manufactured by including performing heat treatment on a non-woven fabric for low-temperature carbonization, and has the effect of adsorbing and evaporating oil having various carbon numbers ranging from a low boiling point to a high boiling point to remove the oil, has photothermal conversion efficiency, high evaporation efficiency of oil by sunlight, and a high adsorption amount and high adsorption rate, thereby making the adsorption-evaporation cycle fast and efficiently performing the adsorption-evaporation, and has an environmentally friendly effect that does not cause any environmental problems even if the oil adsorbent is put into a river, a sea, or the like and then lost.

Abstract: A coalescing removal separator includes a separator tank having a separator input configured to receive a fluid flowing through a system having entrained gasses and solid particles, having a tank wall configured to form a volume/chamber inside the separator tank to process the fluid, and having a separator output configured to provide processed fluid that is free of at least some of the entrained gasses and solid particles; and a coalescing media arranged in the volume/chamber of the separator tank, the coalescing media having at least one helically wound brush with a stem and intertwined bristles substantially filling the volume/chamber of the separator tank and being configured to enable the at least some of the entrained gasses and solid particles to come out of the fluid.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal carbonate salt includes hydrolyzing a metal halide salt to form a hydrohalic acid and a hydroxide salt of the metal in the metal halide salt. The metal includes an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal. The method includes reacting the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt, wherein the metal carbonate salt is a carbonate salt of the alkaline earth metal or alkali metal, to form CO2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

Abstract: An 8-hydroxyquinoline modified halloysite nanoclay (8-HQHNC) is provided. The 8-HQHNC is used in a method of removing heavy metals and/or salt from a solution which includes steps of contacting the solution with 8-HQHNC under conditions suitable for the adsorption of the heavy metals and/or salt to the 8-HQHNC and recovering the 8-HQHNC from the solution.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature.

Abstract: A method of concentration of a liquid comprising a biomolecule is provided. The method comprises passing the liquid through a tangential flow filtration device under pressure, wherein the pressure applied is varied between at least a higher pressure and a lower pressure. Preferably, the variation in pressure is delivered by the use of a variable flow-controller, such as a valve.

Abstract: A water treatment system that removes calcium and magnesium using coagulants and pH controls, aqueous phase organic materials from water using a biological removal system that includes microorganisms and a physical separation system that includes sparging equipment for sparging the water to remove non-aqueous phase liquid organic materials, volatile phase organic materials. An apparatus, system and method for pretreating oilfield produced water to completely remove or significantly reduce concentrations of substances that are known to interfere with downstream recovery of metals including lithium. This technology facilitates a more efficient and cost-effective extraction method from alternate sources to meet the increasing global demand.

Abstract: A patient's body temperature measurement may be made by varying the heat transfer dynamics of a fluid exiting the patient's body and fitting parameters of heat transfer configuration to measurements under the varied conditions. Then the input temperature of the patient core can be extracted from the model and a current temperature measurement remote from the patient core and optionally other measurements such as fluid flow rate.

Abstract: An extrusion system for separating particulates entrained in wash water, e.g. from harvesting tuberous produce, includes a settling tank configured to receive a flow of particulated water. A diffuser suspended within the tank converts the flow of particulated water into multiple transverse flows to avoid churning settled particulates. A particulate filter fixed within the tank includes a central channel surrounded by a cylindrical array of cantilevered parallel vertical blades. The channel directs the flows below the blades, causing dynamic movement of the blades as the particulated water rises therebetween to trap particulates along boundary layers, promote particulate settling by gravity, and allow clarified water to rise to the top of the tank. A sensor detects settled particulate reaching a predetermined setpoint, and in response the system actuates an auger and opens a pinch valve to force concentrated particulate from the bottom of the tank.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of preparing a carbonaceous material capable of fixing arsenic and an application thereof. Through biomass pretreatment, biomass pyrolysis and arsenite fixation, a biochar activated by potassium carbonate and an arsenic-containing wastewater containing sulfur-containing substances are mixed and deoxidized, and an anaerobic culture is carried out, to fix arsenic by the biochar activated by potassium carbonate. The present disclosure solves the problems that arsenic is released from the soil and groundwater under anaerobic conditions, the ability of conventional passivating agents to fix arsenic under anaerobic conditions is weakened, and the conventional carbonaceous materials not only cannot fix arsenic, but also accelerate the release of anaerobic arsenic.

Abstract: Apparatus for introducing a gas into a main medium, comprising: a main conduit for guiding the main medium, a multitude of injection lines for guiding the gas, wherein each of the injection lines has a respective end section with a respective outlet opening situated within the main conduit, and wherein the end sections are oriented essentially parallel to each other and to the main conduit. With the apparatus a gas can be introduced in particular into waste water for obtaining a biologically activated sludge. Thereby, interaction between the gas and the waste water can be particularly pronounced due to a particularly large liquid-gas-interface caused by particularly extensive turbulences. Further, shear stress acting on particles in the activated sludge can be advantageously low, thus avoiding damage of the biological particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radionuclide adsorbent, which includes a hollow space (specifically, an area which is entirely empty or in which transition metal oxide particles are present); and a transition metal-ferrocyanide shell (specifically, a transition metal-ferrocyanide shell having a structure in which a plurality of two-dimensional nano flakes overlap or a transition metal-ferrocyanide shell having a structure in which a plurality of three-dimensional nano polyhedrons agglomerate) formed on the space surface, a preparation method thereof, and a method of removing a radionuclide using the same.

Abstract: Nanofiber filter media ribbons are flexible elongate strips of polymeric material having a surface on which is formed an array of nanofibers. Ribbons are formable into woven or non-woven mats. The array of nanofibers can be configured to filter a predetermined contaminant from a fluid stream passing through the mats. Filter ribbons are formable by applying a moldable polymer to a first angular location of a rotating cylindrical roll having an array of nanoholes formed in a circumferential surface thereof so that the polymer covers the surface of the roll and infiltrates the nanoholes; cooling the polymer while rotating the polymer-covered roll to a second angular position; and removing the cooled polymer from the roll as an elongate film having an array of nanofibers formed on a surface thereof by the polymer that infiltrated the nanoholes.

Abstract: A method and rainwater processing system are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes collecting rainwater, filtering the collected rainwater, and ozonating the filtered collected rainwater to produce potable water. The method includes preparing a functional water, the preparing including adding a salt concentrate to at least a portion of the potable water within a processing tank to create a mixture.

Abstract: A filter assembly and method of filtering wastewater from a washing machine. The filter has a framework for supporting a first filter stage and a second filter stage, a connection on a top of the filter assembly for connecting to a wastewater stream, a diffuser positioned to extend into the first filter stage and configured to rotate about a vertical axis of installation within the first filter stage, and a second filter stage below the first filter stage and configured to receive overflow from the first filter stage. The filter assembly does not include a motor or motorized parts and wherein the diffuser is rotatable by way of the force of the wastewater stream fed into the first filter stage to diffuse the wastewater stream and to spray the wastewater onto and through the filter media allowing the filter media to catch debris within the first filter stage.