Abstract: Water containing selenium, for example flue gas desulfurization (FGD) blowdown water is treated with a combination of biological and chemical treatment and membrane filtration. The biologically treated water is dosed with a dithiocarbamate compound and flocculated prior to membrane filtration. Optionally, the treatment may be enhanced with one or more adsorptive agents prior to, or in conjunction with, membrane filtration. Membrane concentrate may be re-circulated to one or more biological treatment zones. The biological treatment may be by way of suspended growth, fixed growth on a moving bed, or both. One or more biological treatment zones may be controlled considering their oxygen reduction potential (ORP). Optionally, the biological treatment includes an aerobic zone following one or more anoxic or anaerobic zones. The non-aerobic zones remove selenium and optionally nitrogen and sulfur. The aerobic zone removes carbon, which may include carbon added as a nutrient in a non-aerobic zone.

Abstract: A method and system for treating contaminated water are described. The method comprises receiving, in a first chamber, contaminated water with injection of a modifier; in a first chamber, treating the contaminated water with at least one of air or oxygen and simultaneously treating the contaminated water with ultraviolet radiation; in a second chamber, receiving fluid from the first chamber and treating the received fluid with at least one of oxygen or ozone; in a third chamber, receiving fluid from the second chamber and treating the received fluid with ultraviolet radiation; and discharging water from the third chamber using a discharge pump.

Abstract: A method of providing water suitable for irrigation use includes feeding pre-treated water to an electrodialysis apparatus, treating the pre-treated water in the electrodialysis apparatus by selectively removing either one or both of monovalent anionic and monovalent cationic species from the pre-treated water while retaining either one or both of multivalent anionic and multivalent cationic species to produce a treated water stream having a lower ratio of monovalent ions to multivalent ions than the pre-treated water, and directing the treated water into an irrigation water distribution system.

Abstract: Provided are a method of treating spent caustic occurring in a refinery process, a petrochemical process, and an environmental facility, and an apparatus thereof, wherein the spent caustic may be economically treated by a Fenton-like oxidation reaction at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a reactor in which catalyst structures are stacked as compared to conventional methods of treating spent caustic.

Abstract: An integrated, membrane-based process to produce purified water and conversion of salt to high value chemicals from oil and gas well produced water is described. A liquid stream including water and dissolved salt is flowed through pretreatment units and one or more desalination and concentration units which remove at least a portion of the water to form a brine enriched in dissolved salt. The purified high-density brine may be subjected to electrically-enforced salt dissociation techniques to produce chemicals from oil and gas produced water.

Abstract: An ion exchange tank is provided. The ion exchange tank includes a processing chamber and an additive chamber separated by a weir system, the weir system having a flow channel fluidly connecting the processing chamber to the additive chamber, wherein the flow is divided from the additive chamber by a first partition and divided from the processing chamber by a second partition, wherein the additive chamber comprises a solids-absorbing material disposed therein.

Abstract: A treatment system and method for cephalosporin wastewater are disclosed. The treatment system includes: a flocculation and sedimentation device, an alkali reaction tank, a PAC reaction tank, a PAM reaction tank, a wastewater heat exchanger, a wastewater heater and an oxidation reactor that are connected with each other in sequence, wherein the wastewater heat exchanger is provided with a material inlet, a material outlet, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet. An oxidized water from the oxidation reactor enters the wastewater heat exchanger from the heat source inlet, the heat source outlet is connected with a product canister, the product canister is connected with a membrane filtration device to realize concentration treatment of a landfill leachate, the material inlet is connected with the PAM reaction tank, and the material outlet is connected with the wastewater heater.

Abstract: Described herein are novel emulsion liquid membranes useful for extracting pollutants from industrial wastewater and water. The emulsion liquid membranes include, in various phases, at least one of nanoparticles, an ionic liquid, and combinations of nanoparticles and ionic liquids. Use of the present emulsion liquid membranes enhances the separation and the stability of the ELM method for pollutant extraction and recovery from wastewater and water.

Abstract: Provided are methods of removing perchlorate from water. The methods include contacting water suspected of containing perchlorate with a cationic material. The cationic material includes one or more cationic metal atoms connected by an atom or molecule into an extended structure, and a charge balancing anion. The contacting removes perchlorate (e.g., selectively), if present, from the water. Water treatment vessels, systems and facilities that find use in practicing the methods of the present disclosure are also provided.

Abstract: A treatment module including a housing having an input port and an output port; a plurality of treatment members, each treatment member having a skeleton and a mesh material provided over the skeleton, the mesh material being joined to the skeleton at one or more portions of the skeleton; and a layer of particles formed over a first side of the mesh material, the layer having pores of sufficient size to enable a fluid to flow through the layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for removing antimicrobial material from a composition includes providing a container that contains a plurality of carbon elements such as granules, rocks and sheets. The carbon elements are submerged with a liquid and a composition that includes an antimicrobial material is deposited in the container. The carbon elements are configured to remove the antimicrobial material from the composition. The level of the liquid in the container is monitored and controlled to maintain a submerged condition of the carbon elements.

Abstract: Improvements in a lithium-ion extraction apparatus to extract lithium-ion from water and more specifically salt or brine water. The extraction of lithium-ion utilizing electromagnetic separation into a sorbent shortens the extraction time and minimizes environmental impact. The sorbent is typically a polymer that is in solution with the brine where direct contact with the brine water with the sorbent extracts lithium-ions. The fixed and magnetic field magnetic field increases the absorption in the sorbent by energizing the sorbent. The sorbent is in the form of porous beads that have selective lithium-ion affinity in a continuous solid-phase extraction process. The lithium-ion extraction apparatus includes fluid flow, agitation, pressure, and temperature control of the brine solution. The flow rate alters and controls the dwell time that the brine solution is in proximity to the electromagnets.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal carbonate salt includes hydrolyzing a metal halide salt to form a hydrohalic acid and a hydroxide salt of the metal in the metal halide salt. The metal includes an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal. The method includes reacting the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt, wherein the metal carbonate salt is a carbonate salt of the alkaline earth metal or alkali metal, to form CO2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus, system and method including introducing an aqueous fluid into a chamber, the aqueous fluid having a pH below 7 and having an oxidizing agent. Contacting, within the chamber, the aqueous fluid with a corrodible sacrificial material which oxidizes in the presence of the oxidizing agent also reducing the oxidizing agent. Thereafter, adjusting, subsequent contacting the corroding particulate, the pH of the aqueous fluid to above 7.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solid waste treatment method, including following steps: screening off masses having a particle size greater than 0.5 cm from solid waste; adding extraction agents to the solid waste and then heating and stirring so that the solid waste is fully dispersed in the extraction agents; placing the mixed extraction agent in a centrifuge and centrifuging the mixed extraction feeding liquid phase separated by centrifuging into a rectification tower for rectification and cooling, recovering residual oil substances in a rectification kettle, separating mixture of cooled extraction agents and water, continuously adding the separated extraction agents into an extraction kettle for cyclic extraction, and conveying sewage to a sewage treatment plant to treat and discharging the sewage after the sewage reaches a treatment standard.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing purified water comprising a step (a) of passing water through a first mixed bed ion exchanger comprising beads having a diameter between 0.5 and 0.7 mm and a step (b) of passing water through a second mixed bed ion exchanger comprising beads having a diameter of less than 0.5 mm. The invention further relates to a module comprising the first and second mixed bed ion exchanger and to a water treatment system for producing ultrapure water comprising the first and second mixed bed ion exchanger.

Abstract: A system and method for removing and destroying PFAS from residual waste streams generated during the processing of landfill liquids prior to disposal are provided. The presently disclosed system and method can concentrate PFAS from landfill liquids into a residual waste stream so that the target compounds can be selectively removed for subsequent destruction.

Abstract: A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel having a central longitudinal axis and main chamber comprises a first inlet port for a main feedstock, a second inlet port for a fluidizing medium and a third inlet port for one or more reactants. The UCP also includes a reactive radioactive chemical processor (R2CP) that contains a radioactive element positioned extending along the longitudinal axis in the main chamber. In operation, a fluidized bed can be supported in the main chamber when a fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied to the main chamber through the first and second inlet ports and the radioactive element of the R2CP emits ionizing radiation that is capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing any organic materials within a radiation zone.

Abstract: A crosslinked resin made up of polymerized units of a linear polyamine with at least 3 primary and/or secondary amine functionalities and a bisacrylamide. The crosslinked polymers are porous spherical particles with a BET surface area in the range of 50-120 m2/g. A method of the synthesizing the crosslinked polymer is specified. A method for using the crosslinked resin as an adsorbent material in removing pollutants including organic dyes (e.g. Congo red, Rhodamine B) and heavy metals from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater sample is also described.

Abstract: A treatment process for remediating H2S and other contaminants in liquids includes: partially filling a closed vessel with a contaminated liquid containing ?5 ppm H2S with a head space above the liquid within the vessel where gasses released from the liquid from the liquid collect; separately providing a treatment composition in the head space so that the gasses from the liquid may contact the treatment composition; and permitting the contact between the vapors from the liquid and the treatment composition to continue until a collective concentration of H2S in the liquid and in the head space is <5 ppm. The treatment composition includes an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxide compound, a collective concentration of the at least one hydroxide compound in the aqueous solution is in a range of 35-55 weight %, and the aqueous solution constitutes at least 80 weight % of the treatment composition.