Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a hollow column, a conductive cable, a first metal wire, a column structure, and a second metal wire. The conductive cable is received in the hollow column, and the conductive cable electrically contacts the hollow column via a second conductive wire layer thereof. One side of the first metal wire is electrically connected with a first conductive wire layer of the conductive cable. The column structure has a column body, a metal layer formed on the column body, at least one spiral groove formed on the metal layer for exposing a part of the column body, and two conductive covers respectively disposed on two sides of the column body. Moreover, one of the two conductive covers is electrically connected with the other side of the first metal wire. Furthermore, one side of the second metal wire is electrically connected with the other conductive cover.

Abstract: A lighting control system is disclosed. The lighting control system is electrically coupled to a load circuit for controlling indoor and/or outdoor lighting. The lighting control system includes a control module with a night light for providing low-level night light illumination and one or more sensors for operatively controlling the indoor and/or outdoor lighting and the night light in response to measured light levels and/or detected motion. The system is preferably configured to provide low-level night light from the night light when measured light levels and detected motion are below threshold values and to automatically turn on the indoor and/or outdoor lighting and simultaneously turn off the night light when measured light levels and detected motion are above the threshold values.

Abstract: A method for determining a condition of the laser system includes determining a change in a laser current from an initial value. A method for measuring a laser current includes determining a difference between the values of a power supply current, which is the value of the laser current. A method for measuring a transmitted power includes generating a first control signal that sets a magnitude of a bias current supplied to a laser, generating a second control signal that sets a of a modulation current supplied to the laser, and determining a difference between values of a high and a low transmitted powers. A method for measuring a received optical power includes determining a received OMA corresponding to the power signal, which is the transmitted OMA minus a known loss through a calibration fiber that couples the laser transmitter to the laser receiver.

Abstract: A antenna made from a photonic band-gap (PBG) material, includes: a lateral wall (4) which is made from a PBG material and which completely surrounds a central axis (6), the wall being disposed at a distance from the central axis such as to form a central resonant cavity; and at least one radiating element (34) which is placed inside the cavity. Each radiating element is positioned inside the cavity in order to excite an electromagnetic field parallel to the central axis and the radiating element(s) can excite the modes of the central cavity having a radial resonance more strongly than the other modes of the cavity.

Abstract: A Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) device and a method for controlling the PIFA device that can provide optimized frequency characteristics in a multi-frequency environment. The PIFA device is provided with a plurality of shorting pins located at different distances from a feeding pin and an antenna switch capable of selecting one of the shorting pins, or is provided with an antenna switch capable of moving a shorting pin to a preset position, thereby adjusting a distance between the feeding and shorting points. Antenna frequency characteristics can be optimized according to a frequency band used at the current location, and the antenna frequency characteristics can be optimally maintained in the multi-frequency environment at any time.

Abstract: A lighting device (132) includes a circuit having a power supply and a plurality of light emitting diodes (120) connected in series with the power supply. The plurality of light emitting diodes (120) includes at least two groups of series-connected light emitting diodes, the groups of series-connected light emitting diodes being connected in series. A different optically isolated field effect transistor (U3-U5) is connected in parallel with each group of series-connected light emitting diodes, for selectively shunting around the group of series-connected light emitting diodes. A different capacitor (C8-C10) can also be connected in parallel with each group of series-connected light emitting diodes. A controller (U2) is connected to a gate of each of the optically isolated field effect transistors (U3-U5) for selectively turning the optically isolated field effect transistors (U3-U5) on and off.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a magnetron. The magnetron comprises an anode cylinder, upper and lower magnets provided to upper and lower portions of the anode cylinder, and upper and lower magnetic poles connected to the magnets, respectively. Each of the magnets has an inner diameter of 19˜21 mm, a thickness of 11.5˜12.5 mm, and an outer diameter of 50˜54 mm.

Abstract: A lamp, a method of driving the lamp, a backlight assembly having the lamp, and a liquid crystal display (LCD) device having the backlight assembly are disclosed. The lamp includes a tube that contains gas and first through fourth electrodes. The first and second electrodes are disposed in the tube adjacent to first and second ends of the tube. The third and fourth electrodes are disposed at the first and second ends of the tube. Voltages applied to the electrodes are sufficient for light to be emitted throughout the lamp. The first and second voltages, third and fourth voltages, first and third voltages, and second and fourth voltages have different polarities while the first and fourth voltages and the second and third voltages have the same polarity.

Abstract: A lamp drive circuit includes an electronic switch in series with the lamp and a source of DC voltage, a control input of the switch being pulse-width-modulated by a control circuit which includes a temperature-sensing circuit for reducing the pulse-width-modulation duty cycle when lamp temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. The temperature-sensing circuit may include a thermal switch in series with one of two parallel-connected resistors in a timing circuit. Duty cycle may also be automatically adjusted in response to changes in the source voltage.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes a substrate, and multiple radiating elements conformally mounted as micro-strip on the substrate. Each of the radiating elements is of a triangular shape, and four of the radiating elements are arranged to form a crossed bowtie cloverleaf radiator. In addition, the four radiating elements form two pairs of radiating elements, and the two pairs of radiating elements are orthogonal to each other. The radiating elements are disposed on a front surface of the substrate, and a RF center conductor is orthogonally oriented toward a rear surface of the substrate and connected to one of the radiating elements for feeding a RF signal to the one radiating element.

Abstract: A method according to on embodiment may include generating AC voltage and current and a striking voltage. The method of this embodiment may also include generating striking voltage and steady-state voltage for at least two lamp loads. The method of this embodiment may also include coupling at least two lamp loads in parallel. The method of this embodiment may also include coupling current balancing circuitry to the at least two lamp loads and providing, by the current balancing circuitry simultaneous striking voltage to the at least two lamps loads. The method of this embodiment may also include balancing, by the current balancing circuitry, AC current through the at least two lamp loads. Of course, many alternatives, variations, and modifications are possible without departing from this embodiment.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for emission and/or reception of electromagnetic waves for aerodynes, characterised in that it comprises a blade antenna on the top of the fuselage of the aerodyne, a principal reflect-array arranged horizontally at the bottom of the blade antenna, a principal illumination horn arranged at the summit of the blade antenna, the horn illuminating the principal reflect-array, two secondary reflect-arrays arranged vertically on each side of the faces of the blade antenna, two secondary illumination horns arranged at the bottom of the blade antenna in the plane of the principal reflect-array, each horn illuminating one of the secondary reflect-arrays, each reflect-array reflecting waves emitted by the illumination horn illuminating it.

Abstract: A resonant switching converter comprising a first pair of series connected switches comprising a high side switch and a low side switch coupled across a DC input voltage, there being a first switched node between the switches; a second pair of series connected switches comprising a high side switch and a low side switch coupled across a DC bus, there being a second switched node between the switches; a DC bus capacitor coupled across the DC bus; the first and second switched nodes adapted to have a load coupled therebetween; the high side switch of the first pair of switches supplying current to the load from the DC input voltage, the low side switch of the first pair of switches being switched opposite the high side switch of the first pair of switches and providing a re-circulation path to allow bi-directional current flow through the load; the high side switch of the second pair of switches supplying current to the load from the DC bus capacitor, the low side switch of the second pair of switches being swi

Abstract: A Radio Frequency (RF) structure services an antenna having a characteristic impedance and includes a differential Power Amplifier (PA), a differential Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), and a balun transformer. The differential PA has a differential PA output with a PA differential output impedance. The differential LNA has a differential LNA input with an LNA differential input impedance. The balun transformer has a singled ended winding coupled to the antenna, a differential winding having a first pair of tap connections coupled to the differential PA output and a second pair of tap connections coupled to the differential LNA input, and a turns ratio of the single ended winding and the differential winding. The turns ratio and the first pair of tap connections impedance match the PA differential output impedance to the characteristic impedance of the antenna. The turns ratio and the second pair of tap connections impedance match the LNA differential input impedance to the characteristic impedance of the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna array having a plurality of array elements is disclosed. The antenna array comprises a first array element (204A) having a first suspended radiator (207A) and a first ground conductor (206A), the first suspended radiator being displaced from the first ground conductor. The antenna also comprises a second array element (204B) being adjacent to the first array element, the second array element having a second suspended radiator (207B) and a second ground conductor (206B), wherein the second suspended radiator is displaced from the second ground conductor. In the antenna the first ground conductor is adjacent to and displaced from the second ground conductor and the first ground conductor is disposed on a first tier and the second ground conductor is disposed on a second tier to form an at least two-tiered ground conductor.

Abstract: A clock signal synchronized with a data write signal for each scan line supplied from a light emission control circuit 4 to a scan driver 6 is supplied to an oscillator 12 generating a reference switching signal of a DC-DC converter 8 by a PWM method via a frequency divider 14. Thus, even when a ripple component by a switching operation of the converter has been superimposed on a drive voltage Va, constantly the same gate-to-source voltage Vgs is supplied to a light emission drive transistor Tr2 for each scan line, whereby a problem that a state in which light emission intensities differ for each scan line is brought about can be resolved. Further, the duty ratio of a switching signal from a PWM circuit 11 is detected by a detection circuit 13 to grasp the load condition of the converter, and when the load is light, the division ratio of the frequency divider 14 is increased to execute the switching operation at a low frequency.

Abstract: An EL display device capable of producing a vivid multi-gradation color display, and an electronic device having the EL display device. An electric current supplied to an EL element 110 is controlled by providing a resistor 109 between a current control TFT 108 and the EL element 110 formed in a pixel 104, the resistor 109 having a resistance higher than the on-resistance of the current control TFT 108. The gradation display is executed by a time-division drive system which controls the emission and non-emission of light of the EL element 110 by time, preventing the effect caused by a dispersion in the characteristics of the current control TFT 108.

Abstract: A gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier is disclosed. The amplifier includes a gain waveguide for amplifying an optical signal input to the gain waveguide, and a grating layer, in contact with the gain waveguide, having a first grating disposed at a first end portion.

Abstract: A feeding component 40 has a wire (or a feeding line) 42 and an attaching member 43 made of resin. The attaching member 43 provides wire receiving grooves 43a and 43b to receive and support the wire 42. At least one pair of wire holding parts 43d are formed on inner wall defining the wire receiving grooves 43a and 43b. The wire holding parts 43d of each pair are opposite to each other and inclined to narrow a width of the wire receiving groove 43a or 43b with increasing proximity to an upper side of the wire receiving groove 43a or 43b. The wire holding parts 43d hold the wire 42 put into the wire receiving grooves 43a and 43b.

Abstract: A ballast control circuit for multiple lamps comprising a ballast control circuit for driving two series connected switches of a lamp ballast connected across a supply potential and having a switched node between the switches; the switched node adapted to be connected to an output circuit comprising a plurality of parallel connected lamps; the control circuit comprising an oscillator, the output circuit comprising the plurality of parallel connected lamps including inductive and capacitive components and having a resonance frequency that is dependent on the number of lamps in the output circuit; a lamp output voltage being developed across the output circuit; further comprising a feedback circuit for controlling the oscillator whereby the oscillator sweeps from a first frequency above resonance to a lower frequency closer to resonance such that the output voltage increases to a potential above a lamp ignition threshold, thereby igniting at least one lamp; the feedback circuit controlling the oscillator whereb