Abstract: A method is disclosed, in at least one embodiment, for producing a scintillator for a radiation detector, in which the scintillator is produced in layers by depositing a scintillator material using a PVD process. By using a PVD process, owing to lower process temperatures of less than 300° C., it is possible to produce scintillators with decay times of less than 1.1 ns over large surfaces. In this way, the prerequisites for quantitative and energy-selective detection of individual radiation quanta can be satisfied even with fluxes of more than 108 X-ray quanta/mm2*s. At least one embodiment of the invention also relates to a scintillator produced by such a method.

Abstract: A system for testing an IR proximity sensor has an infrared reflector that receives radiation transmitted from the proximity sensor under test. An electronically modulated IR-transmissive device is positioned between the sensor and the reflector. A tester is coupled to control the IR-transmissive device for testing the sensor. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a nuclear medicine diagnosis includes a light signal generating unit, photodetection unit, measurement unit, calculation unit, and storage unit. The light signal generating unit repeatedly generates light signals. The photodetection unit repeatedly generates first output signals corresponding to intensities of the light signals, repeatedly generates second output signals corresponding to intensities of gamma rays emitted from a subject. The measurement unit repeatedly measures light signal detection times and repeatedly measures gamma ray detection times. The calculation unit calculates a difference between a target gamma ray detection time and a target light signal detection time of the light signal detection times for each of the gamma ray detection times. The target light signal detection time is measured before the target gamma ray detection time. The storage unit stores the calculated difference in association with a target second output signal of the second output signals.

Abstract: Large-area, flat-panel photo-detectors with sub-nanosecond time resolution based on microchannel plates are provided. The large-area, flat-panel photo-detectors enable the economic construction of sampling calorimeters with, for example, enhanced capability to measure local energy deposition, depth-of-interaction, time-of-flight, and/or directionality of showers. In certain embodiments, sub-nanosecond timing resolution supplies correlated position and time measurements over large areas. The use of thin flat-panel viewing radiators on both sides of a radiation-creating medium allows simultaneous measurement of Cherenkov and scintillation radiation in each layer of the calorimeter. The detectors may be used in a variety of applications including, for example, medical imaging, security, and particle and nuclear physics.

Abstract: A thermal infrared sensor is provided in a housing with optics and a chip with thermoelements on a membrane. The membrane spans a frame-shaped support body that is a good heat conductor, and the support body has vertical or approximately vertical walls. The thermopile sensor structure consists of a few long thermoelements per sensor cell. The thermoelements being arranged on connecting webs that connect together hot contacts on an absorber layer to cold contacts of the thermoelements. The membrane is suspended by one or more connecting webs and has, on both sides of the long thermoelements, narrow slits that separate the connecting webs from both the central region and also the support body. At least the central region is covered by the absorber layer.

Abstract: A first and a second fluorescent dye are mixed into a solution, the first dye being positively ionized in the solution and the second dye being negatively ionized in the solution and having different fluorescence wavelengths from the first dye. The solution is flown onto a measured surface, and the surface is excited with an evanescent wave to produce a fluorescence intensity distribution of two colors. A fluorescence intensity of the surface is measured using a two-dimensional imaging element, the element providing a fluorescence intensity of each color separated from the other colors, thereby calculating a ratio of the fluorescence intensities of the colors. Using an equation expressing a relationship between the ratio of fluorescence intensities and a wall zeta potential, the ratio is converted to a two-dimensional distribution of wall zeta potentials. This achieves visualizing in real time and quantitatively evaluating the two-dimensional distribution of wall zeta potentials, and surface modifications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for performing neutron radiography. For example, in one exemplary method, an object is interrogated with a plurality of neutrons. The plurality of neutrons includes a first portion of neutrons generated from a first neutron source and a second portion of neutrons generated from a second neutron source. Further, at least some of the first portion and the second portion are generated during a same time period. In the exemplary method, one or more neutrons from the first portion and one or more neutrons from the second portion are detected, and an image of the object is generated based at least in part on the detected neutrons from the first portion and the detected neutrons from the second portion.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining the authenticity of a pharmaceutical product. The product is actively cooled to a temperature below ambient temperature. One or more thermographic IR images of the product are acquired in a wavelength or wavelength spectrum selected from the mid wave IR (MWIR) to very long wave IR (VLWIR) spectrum. At least one of the images is acquired while the temperature of the product is below ambient temperature. The acquired one or more images of the product or a quantified value deduced therefrom are compared with a signature of a reference drug. The comparison is displayed, thereby enabling determination of the authenticity of the product.

Abstract: Radiation tomography apparatus of this invention has a shield that shields entering of radiation flying from outside of the gantry. The shield is formed of shielding pieces. Consequently, there is no need for manufacturing the shield in a large and expensive furnace. Accordingly, the radiation tomography apparatus may be provided that is easily manufactured and achieves suppressed cost. Moreover, with the radiation tomography apparatus of this invention, maintenance may be performed through removal of the shielding pieces without removing the entire shield.

Abstract: In beam monitoring for detecting annihilation radiations produced by radiation irradiation in radiation therapy for cancer which is performed by irradiating the affected area by X-rays, gamma rays, or particle beams, a detector-shift type combined radiation therapy/PET apparatus is provided with an open PET device that includes a plurality of shiftable multi-ring detector rings; and a radiation irradiation device that is capable of irradiation with a radiation beam through between the detector rings. The apparatus changes the positions of the detector rings, performs irradiation with the radiation beam through between the detector rings, and then performs radiation measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting radiation has a substrate, a protective housing fitting on the substrate, which has an electrically conductive material and a top facing away from the substrate, and that has an aperture therein. A stack is fitted on the substrate inside the protective housing and includes at least one detector substrate having at least one thermal detector element thereon that converts incoming thermal radiation into an electrical signal, at least one circuit carrier having at least one read circuit for reading out the electrical signal, and at least one cover that covers the detector element. The detector substrate is located between the circuit substrate and the cover. The detector substrate and the cover are arranged on each other such that the detector element of the detector substrate and the cover have at least one first stack cavity of the stack therebetween, the stack cavity being defined by the detector support and the cover.

Abstract: A Nuclear Medicine (NM) imaging system and method using multiple types of imaging detectors are provided. One NM imaging system includes a gantry, at least a first imaging detector coupled to the gantry, wherein the first imaging detector is a non-moving detector, and at least a second imaging detector coupled to the gantry, wherein the second imaging detector is a moving detector. The first imaging detector is larger than the second imaging detector and the first and second imaging detectors have different detector configurations. The NM imaging system further includes a controller configured to control the operation of the first and second imaging detectors during an imaging scan of an object to acquire Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) image information such that at least the first imaging detector remains stationary with respect to the gantry during image acquisition.

Abstract: A method for forming a sensor stack is presented. The method includes providing a substrate having a first side and a second side. Furthermore, the method includes disposing an integrated circuit having a first side and a second side on the first side of the substrate, where the integrated circuit comprises a first plurality of contact pads disposed on the first side of the integrated circuit. The method also includes providing a sensor array having a plurality of sensor elements, wherein each of the sensor elements has a first side and a second side, and wherein the sensor array comprises a second plurality of contact pads disposed on the second side of the sensor array.

Abstract: The invention is the novel use of Quantum Dots (QDs) for radiation dosimetry and includes novel dosimetry devices, systems and methods. The devices, systems and methods have use in a variety of dosimetry applications such as personal, environmental and research. The system for detecting doses of ionizing radiation comprises; a matrix comprising a photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals; an illumination interface for exposing the matrix to non-ionizing radiation; a response characterization interface for measuring photoluminescence, scatter or the optical density of the matrix and identifying differences in the photoluminescence, scatter or optical density caused by exposure to ionizing radiation; and a readout interface to quantify the photoluminescence or optical density differences as doses of radiation.

Abstract: Digital images or the charge from pixels in light sensitive semiconductor based imagers may be used to detect gamma rays and energetic particles emitted by radioactive materials. Methods may be used to identify pixel-scale artifacts introduced into digital images and video images by high energy gamma rays. Statistical tests and other comparisons on the artifacts in the images or pixels may be used to prevent false-positive detection of gamma rays. The sensitivity of the system may be used to detect radiological material at distances in excess of 50 meters. Advanced processing techniques allow for gradient searches to more accurately determine the source's location, while other acts may be used to identify the specific isotope. Coordination of different imagers and network alerts permit the system to separate non-radioactive objects from radioactive objects.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material, the electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a drum cartridge including an electrophotographic photosensitive member drum; a developing cartridge including a developing roller for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum using a developer; a supporting member movable between an inside position and a retracted position in the state that supporting member supports the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge, wherein the inside position is inside the main assembly of the apparatus, and the retracted position is retracted from the main assembly of the apparatus; wherein the supporting member supports the drum cartridge and the developing cartridge independently demountably therefrom, wherein mounting and demounting directions of the drum cartridge relative to the supporting member and mounting and demounting directions of the developing cartridge are di

Abstract: A two fields-of-view system has both fields of view imaged simultaneously to the same image plane. For example, an optical system comprising of two or more FOV where a common dual band focal plane array is used in order to image both spectral bands independently. Each spectral band is passed through a common imager, but split off by a beam splitter so that each spectral band sees a different field of view centered at the same point. The two fields of view are separated spectrally but enabled to be imaged simultaneously due to the spectral separation of the focal plane array and the use of a beam splitter. Such a system allows viewing two fields of view simultaneously.

Abstract: Bidimensional dosimetric detector, comprising: a monolithic base-matrix (1) made of homoepitaxial silicon with a surface for exposition to the radiation, a plurality of radiation-sensible junction diodes (2) for producing a plurality of electrical signals in response to the radiation, electrical terminals (3) connected to said diodes for feeding said produced electrical signals to an acquisition and processing unit (5), wherein the perimeter of one or more said diodes is defined by a boundary region of the electrical field of same diode.

Abstract: According to a radiation detector manufacturing method, a radiation detector and a radiographic apparatus of this invention, Cl-doped CdZnTe is employed for a conversion layer, with Cl concentration set to 1 ppm wt to 3 ppm wt inclusive, and Zn concentration set to 1 mol % to 5 mol % inclusive. This can form the conversion layer optimal for the radiation detector. Consequently, the radiation detector manufacturing method, the radiation detector and the radiographic apparatus can be provided which can protect the defect level of crystal grain boundaries by Cl doping in a proper concentration, and can further maintain integral sensitivity to radiation, while reducing leakage current, by Zn doping in a proper concentration.

Abstract: A physiological sensor having reduced sensitivity to interference includes a light source, a light detector in optical communication with the light source, and a sensor pad at least partially housing the light source and the light detector. The sensor pad is configured to be capacitively isolated from a patient. Moreover, the physiological sensor may be electrically connected to an amplifier having a signal ground and a monitor.