Abstract: A fluorescence detecting method includes the steps of collecting a first fluorescence signal of the fluorescence received by a light receiving unit when the analyte passes a position irradiated with a laser beam, collecting a second fluorescence signal of the fluorescence received by the light receiving unit in the absence of the analyte at the position irradiated with the laser beam, and adjusting a first phase difference information on the first fluorescence signal with respect to the modulation signal by using a second phase difference information on the second fluorescence signal with respect to the modulation signal to obtain a third phase difference information on the fluorescence signal of the fluorescence, and obtaining a fluorescence relaxation time constant of the fluorescence based on the third phase difference information thus obtained.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an image forming unit and a feeding unit for feeding a recording material at a predetermined speed to the image forming unit. A reflective type sensor reads irradiated light reflected off of the recording material and an image reading unit reads the light so as to obtain a surface image of the recording material so that a feed control unit can control the feeding of the recording medium so that a moving distance is shorter and in the case of feeding it at a predetermined speed while the recording material is read by the image reading unit. In the image forming apparatus a reflective type determination unit determines a predetermined attribute of the recording material using the surface image of the recording material read by the image reading unit so that the image forming apparatus can determine a kind of recording material based on the attribute obtain so as to form the image on the recording material.

Abstract: A method of determining directionality of radiation is disclosed which comprises dividing the tensioned metastable fluid liquid volume adjacent to a radioactive source into a plurality of sectors, determining the opposing sector ratio of the respective sector and determining the direction of the radiation based on the opposing sector ratios of the plurality of sectors. The method further comprising determining directionality of incoming radiation from the tension pressure assisted elongation of bubble shapes pointing towards direction of radiation particles that interacted with nuclei of tensioned metastable fluid detector system. A device capable of carrying out these methods is also disclosed.

Abstract: In conventional membrane infrared (IR) sensors, little to no attention has been paid toward transmissivity of IR near metal traces. Here, because the substrate of an integrated circuit carrying the sensor is used as a visible light filter, reflection of IR radiation back into the substrate can affect the operation and reliability of the IR sensor. As a result, an arrangement is provided that reduces the area occupied by metal lines by reducing the pitch and compacting the routing so as to reduce the effects from the reflection of IR radiation by metal traces.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing an image associated with a biological sample is disclosed. The biological sample is focused on the biological sample based on fluorescence of a first fluorescent material and the image is captured based on fluorescence of the second fluorescent material. A computer readable memory device storing instructions to cause a data processing unit is also disclosed.

Abstract: An infrared sensing device mounted in the faucet for a wash basin. The device includes a housing, an emitting lens for focusing the emitted infrared light, and a receiving lens for focusing the reflected infrared light. The optical center of the emitting lens is biased to cause the emitted light to deviate from the basin and from a water column flowing from the faucet.

Abstract: This device for the detection of ionizing radiation includes a stack integrating a first set of electrodes (1), a solid detector material sensitive to ionizing radiation (2), capable of interacting therewith by releasing electron and electron hole mobile charge carriers, and a second set of electrodes (3), said first and second sets of electrodes being polarized in such a way that an electric field is applied through the detector material (2), thereby allowing the charge carriers generated by the interaction between the detector material and the ionizing radiation to migrate. It further includes electrically insulated electrodes (41-44), known as non-collecting electrodes, and positioned in the volume of the detector material (2) subjected to the electric field, and capable, by capacitive effect, of detecting the charges induced by the migration of the charge carriers in the volume of the detector subjected to the electric field.

Abstract: Methods and systems for calibrating a nuclear medicine imaging system are provided. One method includes acquiring spatially determined non-uniform radiation flux information from a calibration scan of a calibration source using a gamma camera having an attached non-parallel-hole collimator. The method further includes determining a measured non-uniform count density profile from the acquired non-uniform radiation flux information. The method also includes creating a gamma camera uniformity correction map derived from (i) the measured non-uniform count density profile and (ii) a modeled or calculated non-uniform count density profile for calibrating the NM imaging system.

Abstract: A method for measuring high-energy radiation flux, comprising applying a low voltage to electrodes in an ion chamber filled with a fluid capable of forming ions through the interaction of the fluid with high energy radiation; measuring an ion current signal related to an ion current induced by the low voltage; determining a leakage current; determining a gain; determining a magnitude of the high-energy radiation flux based on the ion current signal, gain, and leakage current; and outputting the result of the magnitude of the high-energy radiation flux.

Abstract: An imaging detector includes a radiation sensitive region having first and second opposing sides. One of the first or second sides senses impinging radiation. The detector further includes electronics located on the other of the first or second sides of the radiation sensitive region. The electronics includes a thermal controller that regulates a temperature of the imaging detector.

Abstract: A photodiode (200), for instance a PN or a PIN photodiode, is disclosed. The photodiode receives incident radiation having first and second spectral distributions, where the first spectral distribution is spectrally shifted from the second spectral distribution. The photodiode has a first semiconductor layer (211) capable of absorbing incident radiation (231) having a first spectral distribution without generating a photocurrent, while simultaneously transmitting incident radiation having a second spectral distribution to the intrinsic layer (212) for generating a photocurrent (213). The photodiode may be used in connection with detecting the presence of target molecules that has been labeled with labeling agents, such as fluorophores or quantum dots. The labeling agents are characterized by the Stokes shift and, therefore, they emit fluorescent radiation having the second spectral distribution that is spectrally shifted from the illumination radiation having the first spectral distribution.

Abstract: A first, upper slotted disk (10) and a second, lower slotted disk (20) are arranged as a gas inlet (11) in a gas-measuring device (1). The first, upper slotted disk (10) and the second, lower slotted disk (20) are connected to one another and to a sensor housing (2) via a spacer element (29). The arrangement of the slotted disks (10, 20) in relation to one another is selected to be such that reduced propagation of light of an infrared radiation source (43) through both slotted disks (10, 20) into the measuring environment is achieved.

Abstract: Neutron detection cells and corresponding methods of detecting charged particles that make efficient use of silicon area are set forth. Three types of circuit cells/arrays are described: state latching circuits, glitch generating cells, and charge loss circuits. An array of these cells, used in conjunction with a neutron conversion film, increases the area that is sensitive to a strike by a charged particle over that of an array of SRAM cells. The result is a neutron detection cell that uses less power, costs less, and is more suitable for mass production.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit, a fixing unit, a temperature sensor including an element in which a resistance value increases as a temperature decreases and configured to detect a temperature of the fixing unit, a connector configured to transmit an output signal of the temperature sensor, a control unit disposed on a side opposed to the temperature sensor with respect to the connector and configured to control the temperature of the fixing unit based on the output signal of the temperature sensor, a resistor disposed on the same side of the temperature sensor with respect to the connector and connected to the temperature sensor in parallel, and a power source disposed on the side opposed to the temperature sensor with respect to the connector and configured to supply currents to the temperature sensor and the resistor via the connector.

Abstract: A method for saving power consumption of a position sensitive detector used in a smart bathroom product includes changing infrared light emitting strength modes depending on the received strength of reflected infrared light. If the emitting mode is already the strongest, and the strength of the reflected infrared light received back from a reflecting object is weak, the method includes conducting multiple subsequent emissions and averaging the returns to estimate a distance to the infrared light reflecting object.

Abstract: Methods and related systems are described for use for making subterranean nuclear measurements. The system can include a plurality of elongated scintillator members each generating optical signals in response to ionizing radiation. Optical detector units can be optically coupled to at least one end of each elongated scintillator member so as to detect optical signals from each elongated scintillator member. The system can be suitable for permanent or semi-permanent deployment downhole. For example, the system can operate for more than six months in a subterranean deployment measuring cosmic radiation. The system can be suited to monitor density changes in subterranean regions of interest, for example, density changes brought about by steam injection as part of a steam assisted gravity drainage operation.

Abstract: A near-infrared imaging sensor according to the present invention includes a photodiode array sensitive to light with a wavelength of 1.2 to 3 ?m and a multiplexer including a signal readout circuit. The near-infrared imaging sensor is contained in a housing and is vacuum-sealed. The housing includes a main body section and a lid covering the main body section. The lid is made of a material transparent to light with a wavelength of 1.2 to 3 ?m.

Abstract: This bolometric detector for electromagnetic radiation comprises: a first and a second crossed bow-tie antenna intended to collect electromagnetic radiation; a resistive load coupled to said antennas in order to convert the collected electromagnetic power into calorific power; a bolometric micro bridge structure suspended above substrate by support and thermal isolation arms with the micro bridge comprising: the resistive load; a thermometric element coupled to resistive load so that its temperature can rise due to the effect of the calorific power produced. The first antenna is located outside micro bridge and is capacitively coupled with the resistive load and the second antenna is located in micro bridge and is resistively coupled with the resistive load.

Abstract: A developing device includes: a casing that has a housing part, an upstream edge and a downstream edge, and a rectangular opening that opposes a development region, the rectangular opening being provided between the upstream and downstream edges; a cylindrical developer conveying body to rotate in a state of passing the rectangular opening, the cylindrical developer conveying body conveying the developer to the development region; and a flexible sheet member that has an upstream end part and a downstream end part, the upstream end part being fixed at the downstream edge of the casing, the downstream end part being a free end and coming into contact with a layer of the developer in a rotation axis direction of the developer conveying body at a position of the developer conveying body which passes the downstream edge of the opening.

Abstract: The inventive optical sensor consists of an LED semiconductor material and elements (herein after the LED components) surrounded by a transparent encapsulant that allows much of the light produced by the LED components to pass while a certain small percentage of the light is internally reflected. The percentage of light internally reflected, depends upon whether at least a front face of the encapsulant is immersed in liquid or in air. The optical liquid sensor also consists of a strategically placed photo sensor that detects the intensity of light that is internally reflected by at least the front face of the encapsulant surrounding the LED. The photo sensor is able to detect the change in intensity of light being internally reflected by at least the front face of the encapsulated LED when the front face, for example, emerges from immersion in a liquid.