Abstract: A method for the production of maleimides, which comprises subjecting maleinamic acids to ring-closure imidation in an organic solvent capable of forming an azeotrope with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at a temperature in the range of 120.degree. to 250.degree. C. while removing the formed water in the form of an azeotrope with said organic solvent and thereafter purifying the produced maleimides.

Abstract: Method of directly precipitating substantially pure beta HMX from a substantially anhydrous nitric acid solution without forming and recrystallizing polymorphic HMX. HMX dissolved in a solvent consisting essentially of anhydrous nitric acid is added to water which is seeded with crystals of beta HMX to substantially completely precipitate all the HMX from solution as beta HMX without forming crystals of the other polymorphic forms of HMX. A preferred reaction and apparatus for preparing HMX in anhydrous nitric acid is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the protection of cultivated plants against harmful effects of aggressive agricultural chemicals by the use of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkoxy, nitro or cyano,R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl,A is any one of the groups --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH(CH.sub.3)--, andZ is cyano, or amidoxime which can be acylated on the oxygen atom,including acid addition salts and metal complexes thereof.

Abstract: A process for the protection of cultivated plants against harmful effects of aggressive agricultural chemicals by the use of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkoxy, nitro or cyano,R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl,A is any one of the groups --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH(CH.sub.3)--, andZ is cyano, or amidoxime which can be acylated on the oxygen atom,including acid addition salts and metal complexes thereof.

Abstract: A solid solution of 1,4-diketopyrrolo-[3,4-c]-pyrrols consisting of two different compounds of the formulae ##STR1## the formulae ##STR2## or the formulae ##STR3## wherein A is one of the groups ##STR4## and B, E and D are each independently a group ##STR5## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkoxy, --SR.sub.3, --N(R.sub.3).sub.2,--CF.sub.3,--CN, a group ##STR6## R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkoxy,--SR.sub.3 or--CN having X-ray diffraction patterns which differ from the sum of the X-ray diffraction patterns of the individual components.Such solid solutions are excellently suited as pigments for the coloration of high molecular organic material.

Abstract: Amide derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory carboxylic acids which have anti-inflammatory activity in their own right as well as being effective as pro-drugs of the carboxylic acids.

Abstract: 2-Amino-3-aroyl-.gamma.-oxobenzenebutanoic acids and derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, or loweralkyl; Y is hydrogen, halogen, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, nitro, or trifluoromethyl; n is 1 or 2; and R is hydrogen, loweralkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, are disclosed having anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process for the preparation of substituted and unsubstituted 2-carbamoyl nicotinic and 3-quinolinecarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Halophor biocidal compositions, e.g., bromophors, comprising a complex of N-alkyl substituted-2-pyrrolidone, e.g., N-methyl pyrrolidone, halide ion, e.g., sodium bromide, and halogen, e.g., bromine, are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing active esters or carboxylic acids, which consists in reacting a carboxylic acid, in the presence of an agent for binding hydrohalic acid, with a carbonate of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes either a radical of formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be identical or different, are not hydrogen atoms and denote organic radicals which may be substituted or unsubstituted and saturated or unsaturated, and may be or may not be bound to a polymer, and which can be joined together to form a hetero-cyclic system with the nitrogen atom,or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical which may or may not be bound to a polymer,R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical which may be substituted or unsubstituted and saturated or unsaturated, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical,and X denotes a halogen atom.This process is especially useful for the synthesis of active esters of N-protected amino acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel amides of [(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-9a-substituted-2,3,9,9a-tetrahydrofluoren-7-yl)oxy]ac etic acids, their derivatives, and their salts. The compounds are useful for the treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and of edema due to head trauma, stroke (particularly ischemic), arrested breathing, cardiac arrest, Reye's syndrome, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, the neurological problems caused by AIDS, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral tumors, encephalomyelitis, spinal cord injury, hydroephalus, post-operative brain injury trauma, edema due to cerebral infections, various brain concussions and elevated intracranial pressure.

Abstract: A perfluoro compound containing a group of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X stands for a fluorine atom, perfluoro-alkoxy groups, or --OM where M stands for an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth earth ion and having connected to the aforementioned group a perfluoro-alkyl group possessing a total of 2 to 6 carbon atoms in the trunk carbon chain thereof is subjected to a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 500.degree. C. to produce a perfluoro-(N-vinylamine) compound now containing the aforementioned group as converted into the formula:>NCF.dbd.CF.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula ##STR1## or a salt thereof, wherein .dbd.X-- is .dbd.CH-- or .dbd.N--, R and R.sup.1 independently represent hydrogen, halogen or lower alkoxy and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a substituent selected from halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halolower alkyl which compounds exhibit psychotropic activity and are useful as antidepressants.

Abstract: Tautomeric mixtures of trans-(.+-.)-3,5-dialkyloctahydropyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline, of trans-(.+-.)-6-alkyloctahydropyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline, and of trans-(.+-.)-1,6-dialkyloctahydropyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline, individual enantiomer thereof, pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts thereof, and intermediates useful in the preparation thereof, useful as hypotensive agents.

Abstract: A feed additive produced by concentrating an aqueous solution containing tryptophan and impurities both originating in the culture broth of a tryptophan-producing microorganism, with the pH of the aqueous solution being maintained in the range of 4 to 6 and the temperature thereof being maintained in the range of 20.degree. to 80.degree. C. during the process of concentrating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles of formula (1) ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of the other is an alkyl or aralkyl group or an isocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical, which process comprises reacting an ester of formula (2) or (3) ##STR2## with a nitrile of the formula R.sub.2 CN, in which formulae each of R and R' independently of the other is an alkyl or aryl group, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above, in the presence of a strong base in an organic solvent.The invention also relates to compounds of formula (8) ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl or aralkyl group or an ortho-substituted isocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical and R.sub.4 is an alkyl or aralkyl group or an isocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical.The pyrrolopyrroles obtained are valuable pigments for coloring compounds of high molecular weight such as plastics and lacquers in yellow to red shades of excellent fastness properties.

Abstract: N,N'-dimethyl aromatic diamines are prepared from the corresponding diprimary amines via a two step synthesis forming first the corresponding di-succinylimidomethylamine and then reductively cleaving the succinylimido group. The products are useful, e.g., as epoxy curing agents.

Abstract: Antibacterial compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a pharmaceutically aceptable cation, or alkyl; A is CH, CF, CCl or N; Y is alkyl, haloalkyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, methoxy, N-methylamino, p-fluorophenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl or p-aminophenyl; or A is carbon and is taken together with Y and the carbon and nitrogen to which A and Y are attached to form a five to seven membered ring which is optionally substituted; and R.sup.2 is a bridged-diazabicycloalkyl group.

Abstract: A novel compound useful in detecting leukocytes, esterase and protease in a test sample. The compound has the structure ##STR1## in which: A is an acid residue, R is lower alkyl, aryl, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, amido or cyano, R* is H or lower alkyl, and X is O, S, or NR', in which R' is H, lower alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: Tetrazolinone derivatives having substituted thereon an (optionally substituted) phenoxyphenyl moiety exhibit unexpectedly desirable pre- and post-emergent herbicidal as well as plant growth regulant activity. In addition, herbicidal and plant growth regulatory compositions comprising such novel compounds as well as methods of controlling the growth of weeds and regulating the growth of plants employing such novel compounds are shown. Moreover, a process for producing such compounds is also described.