Abstract: In a projection screen for a rear projection type television set, three lens sheets are arranged in the order of a lenticular lens sheet, a linear Fresnel lens sheet, and a circular Fresnel lens sheet when seen from a viewer's side toward a projector tube. As compared with the arrangement in which the linear and circular Fresnel lens sheets are exchanged with each other, it is possible to obtain a higher brightness and a more uniform brightness, and color uniformity in the picture plane. Further, when the light incident surface of the linear Fresnel lens sheet is matted, it is possible to eliminate white bands (seen from the viewer's side) effectively.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for measuring the optical density of an original, especially a three-color negative, from which photographic prints are made, to control how much printing light of each color penetrates the original when the image is projected onto a color print medium that is sensitive to these colors. The spectral sensitivity of the measuring apparatus is adjusted to that of the print medium. Measuring light is projected through the original and is resolved into at least one spectrum. The intensities of the light at the various ranges of wavelength are weighted and totaled in accordance with the spectral sensitivity of the particular print medium. Light valves with translucencies that can be adjusted to the sensitivity of the print medium to that range of wavelengths are distributed along the spectrum. The accordingly weighted intensities of the light of each color are separately sensed and measured.

Abstract: An automatic photographic printer is programmed to determine, from image classification pixel scan data, the existence of panoramic image frames interspersed among full size image frames on a film strip. The printer is initially set to assume all image frames are panoramic images until any one of the following test conditions is found that then indicates the image is not panoramic: (a) an initial pixel value indicates the existence of film density, (b) differences in pixel density values in rows within the non-panoramic areas of the frame indicate the existence of film density or (c) pixel density values on opposite sides of a line separating panoramic from non-panoramic frame areas indicate the absence of a frame edge.

Abstract: A printer for printing a photograph which includes an exposing portion, a processing portion, a collecting portion, and an optical system is provided. The optical system includes a light source, color filters for color-correcting light from the light source in a light passing area, and a light diffusion box for diffusing the light transmitted from the color filters. The color filters in the optical system each include a pair of opposing filter members for interposing the light passing area. The pair of filter members are installed so as to be movable toward/away from each other and to thereby be superposed/detached. Moreover, the central portion of the opposing front ends of the pair of filter members are convex in the direction of superposition.

Abstract: A negative detection device comprising the likes of a CCD camera and line sensors is incorporated in a 3D photographic printing apparatus in which a lenticular sheet is used. The negative detection device measures the positional shift of the key subject of the 2D negative. If the key subject shift exceeds a predetermined threshold value, a correction is introduced to regulate the spacial parallax of a background object. If the key subject shift is less than a predetermined threshold value a correction is introduced to regulate the spacial parallax of a foreground object. Exposure is performed after positional adjustments are made.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for exposing a substrate with pulses of light supplied sequentially, is disclosed. The apparatus includes a detector for detecting the light quantity of each pulse, and a controller for controlling the timing of exposure of the substrate with a pulse to be emitted, on the basis of the light quantity provided by at least one pulse preceding the pulse to be emitted.

Abstract: The projection wall comprises a screen section carrying the screen and resting on two supports. The screen section can be pivoted by means of hydraulic drives about a first horizontal axis in both directions of rotation. The supports can be folded about a second horizontal axis by actuating hydraulic braces.Since the screen section can be pivoted in both directions, it is possible to yield to winds coming from the front and the back side. Furthermore, the projection wall can be moved to a horizontal position for assembly and disassembly. The device is easy to install and requires no anchoring.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus adapted for use in manufacture of semiconductor devices or substrates for liquid crystal display panels, comprises an illumination systems for irradiating a first object with a light beam from a light source; a projection optical system for projecting the image of a pattern on the first object, illuminated by the light beam, onto a second object; and a light attenuation device provided in the illumination system and adapted to gradually decrease the amount of light in the peripheral portion of the image of the pattern, projected onto the second object, as the distance from the center of the image increases.

Abstract: An automatic printer for making prints of normal and panoramic format negative filmstrip image frames arbitrarily interspersed in a single filmstrip. Normal and panoramic projection systems are provided for projecting normal and panoramic images onto respective projection planes of the photographic print paper. Normal and panoramic format image frames are distinguished, and the appropriate projection system is employed through the insertion or withdrawal of a first reflective mirror into the projection path of the image bearing light beam. Zoom lens systems in each projection system are set to the appropriate magnifications for the width of print paper employed. The panoramic projection system employs a precision variable conjugate controlled zoom lens in association with a second movable mirror to adjust object plane to image plane distance to avoid overlap of the normal and panoramic projection planes at each magnification for each paper width.

Abstract: A rear-projection screen for a rear-projection image display apparatus comprises a Fresnel lens sheet, a first lenticular lens sheet, and a second lenticular lens sheet or a Fresnel lens sheet, first and second lenticular lens sheets and a light absorbing sheet. A light entrance surface of the first lenticular lens sheet or a light exit surface thereof, or both of these surfaces are formed by contiguously and vertically arranging a plurality of horizontally elongate lenticular lenses. A thickness of the first lenticular lens sheet is selected to be the thinner than thicknesses of the Fresnel lens sheet, the second lenticular lens sheet, and the light absorbing sheet. The entrance surface and the exit surface of the second lenticular lens sheet are formed by contiguously and horizontally arranging a plurality of vertically elongate lenticular lenses. Particles of a light diffusing material are not necessarily dispersed in the base sheet of the second lenticular lens sheet.

Abstract: A vacuum frame apparatus including a latching system with means to assist in repressurizing the vacuumized area of the frame includes a vacuum blanket support frame pivotally mounted along one side of a glass panel for holding workpieces in precise registration against the glass panel for making copies includes a hollow rectangular frame around a flexible vacuum blanket. The frame members have a plurality of small vacuum ports on the underside inside a peripheral bead seal for evacuating the space between the flexible vacuum blanket and the glass panel when a vacuum is pulled on the interior of the hollow peripheral frame by a vacuum pump. Large size frontal ports are provided on the front side member of the frame to cooperate with batch mechanisms for clamping and holding the frame tightly against the glass panel during copy making.

Abstract: A film package including sheets of imaging media or film sandwiched between upper and lower stiffeners and enclosed by an envelope. Adhesive strips secure the stiffeners together at overlapping tabs formed on opposite sides of the stiffeners. The stiffeners with the film sheets are removed from the envelope by opening one side of the envelope. The adhesive strips also have tear strips for allowing removal of the upper stiffener after the package has been placed in a drawer of a printer with the aid of offset tabs on the stiffeners which indicate and assure proper orientation. A notch in the corner of the lower stiffener allows a signal to be passed to indicate whether the upper stiffener has been removed. The lower stiffener is also apertured to receive a signal for indicating whether any film sheets remain on the stiffener while in the drawer of the printer.

Abstract: An image sheet (12) is coated with a radiation-curable adhesive (48) at a coating station and then laminated to a lenticular array sheet (20) at a laminating station (50). A lamination of the image and array sheets is then positioned on an aligning station (56) where the lenticules of the array sheet are aligned with the image lines (16) of the image sheet. The adhesive is set at a curing station (60).

Abstract: A system is described for recycling radiation reflected by an illuminated patterning mask in a via-hole drilling or exposure tool. The mask is illuminated by high-energy laser radiation, and the illuminated region is imaged onto a substrate by a projection, proximity, or contact method. The source radiation is suitably shaped by a lens assembly and focused into an optical intensity homogenizer with the desired numerical aperture. The homogenizer has the base function of converting the focused beam to self-luminous light required for drilling of via-holes or other processes accomplished by the tool, while maintaining the numerical aperture of the beam. The homogenizer also participates in the radiation-recycling function. An apertured reflector allows radiation from the source to enter the homogenizer. The radiation passing through and exiting the homogenizer is image by a lens to illuminate a portion of the mask.

Abstract: In a book document reading device having a page turning capability, a turn belt has a flat portion at the underside thereof and is supported by a turn roller. The turn roller selectively moves the turn belt to a first position where the flat portion of the belt electrostatically attracts the uppermost leaf of a book document, which is spread on a table, in contact with the leaf, or to a second position where the belt is spaced apart from the book document while carrying the uppermost page therewith. When the turn belt is moved from the first position to the second position, a scanning unit is caused to stop moving. This allows the leaf of the document to surely adhere to the turn belt.

Abstract: A cadmium/inert gas discharge lamp of the short arc type, which suppresses an unnecessary emission upstream and downstream of the necessary emission spectra in a wavelength range of 210 to 230 nm, achieves a high efficiency of the emission spectra in the range 210 to 230 nm and can be used in very satisfactory manner for industrial applications. Also, a highly efficient projection exposure device through the incorporation of a cadmium/rare gas discharge lamp of the short arc type having good emission spectrum characteristics in the wavelength range 210 to 230 nm, which can transmit in projecting manner fine image patterns with a large depth of focus. The cadmium/rare gas discharge lamp of the short arc type is arranged within a temperature-regulated quartz bulb, and is provided with a pair of adjacently facing electrodes, together with inert gas selected from xenon, krypton, argon, neon or mixtures of them.

Abstract: A substrate supporting apparatus designed so that a substrate received and delivered by the apparatus can be positioned easily with improved accuracy. For this positioning, pressurized air is supplied between a float chuck and a base chuck of the substrate supporting apparatus to float the float chuck, and peripheral end surfaces of the float chuck are supported by cylinder pins and fixing pins. In this state, a substrate is received from a transport hand and is attracted to a surface of the float chuck. Thereafter, the cylinder pins are caused to recede, and the float chuck is moved together with the substrate by pressing forces of pressing springs to abut reference pins. As a result, a changeover valve is operated by output signals from photosensors to attract the float chuck to the base chuck.

Abstract: As assembled from a kit allowing repeated assembly and at least partial disassembly without damage, a kaleidoscope comprises a tubular barrel having a proximal end and a distal end, a pair of elongate reflectors within the barrel, a sleeve mounted rotatably on the barrel, and a case rotatable conjointly with the sleeve. An annular spacer on the barrel and a ring on the sleeve coact to prevent the sleeve from being pulled from the distal end of the barrel. The case has a tubular wall, a transparent end facing the proximal end, and an at least partly transparent end facing oppositely. The case and the sleeve are assembled only with a frictional interfit between the tubular wall and the end portion so as to permit the case, as a unit, and the sleeve to be repeatedly assembled and disassembled without damage.

Abstract: Disclosed is an imaging device which uses a recording paper composed of a base paper exhibiting a color and a photoconductlvely-color-changing layer formed thereon and includes an optical system for introducing a light having a specific wavelength to the recording paper based on image information. The photoconductively-color-changing layer is composed of a photoconductively-color-changing agent having the characteristic that the agent usually exhibits a specific color different from that of the base layer and is changed to colorless and transparent by being irradiated with the light having the specific wavelength.

Abstract: A method for measuring image density of a color original in advance for adjusting exposure with which an image of the color original is to be printed on a photosensitive material which includes the steps of: conveying a negative film to a photometering stage provided with an opening through which light passes; irradiating light onto an image recorded on the negative film on the stage; making light having passed through each pixel of the image incident onto a spectral filter having a plurality of interference filter sections each of which transmits light of a different wavelength, and which are arrayed in a conveying direction of the negative film; and photometering each light wave having passed through respective interference filter sections of a spectral filter by means of a photometer. The spectral filter is optically arranged such that light waves which pass through respective divisions of the opening divided into units of pixel rows, are made incident onto different interference filter sections.