Abstract: If a vehicle is at rest after it has been detected that the shift position of the vehicle transmission has been shifted to neutral, hydraulic pressure is introduced to a brake in the transmission gear train that is for establishing the first speed state. The introduction of hydraulic pressure to the brake causes the brake to engage in advance of an actual shift to first speed. As a result, when the shift position is shifted out of the neutral range, the first speed state is quickly established, thereby shortening the neutral-to-drive shift time lag when the vehicle is at rest. If the vehicle is traveling after the shift to neutral has been detected, hydraulic pressure is exhausted from the brake to disengage the same, thereby preventing high-speed rotation of sun gears and clutch disk in the gear train due to transmission of rotation from the output side of the automatic transmission.

Abstract: An electronic control system for controlling an automatic transmission mounted on a vehicle determines whether a vehicle speed sensor is abnormal or not when the transmission gears are in a neutral gear position. If the vehicle speed sensor is abnormal, then vehicle speed data immediately before the vehicle speed sensor becomes abnormal is stored, and a gear position is determined based on the stored vehicle speed data for a predetermined period of time after the transmission gears are shifted from the neutral gear position to another gear position.

Abstract: A hydromechanical power splitting transmission for use between the prime mover and the axle power train of a vehicle having a planetary differential drive with at least two series of planetary wheels, two sun wheels, a web and annulus, a drive input shaft and a drive output shaft, connected with different shafts of the planetary differential drive. There are furthermore at least first and second hydrostatic machines, which in at least one operational range are connected with one shaft of the planetary differential drive and at least the first of the hydrostatic machines is able to be switched over from its own shaft to another on changing the operational range by clutches, while the second hydrostatic machine is at least substantially stationary. In the operational state of the vehicle in which the ratio of n.sub.output to n.sub.

Abstract: Several embodiments of shift assisting devices for marine propulsion units wherein the torque of the engine is reduced if there is resistance to shifting by reducing the amount of fuel supplied to the engine. Embodiments are depicted and described wherein this is done by throttling the intake charge or reducing the supply of fuel supplied by a fuel injection nozzle and the principle is applied to either spark ignited or diesel engines.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an automatic transmission detects, for example, octane values in order to determine the kind of gasoline used in the engine. The shift patterns of the automatic transmission are altered in accordance with the kind of fuel detected. This permits optimum running in accordance with the kind of fuel used. When a fuel of higher octane value is used, running can be carried out with priority on high output, while when a fuel lower in octane value is used, running can be carried out with an emphasis on the saving of gasoline.

Abstract: A planetary gear apparatus includes: an external gear mounted on an input shaft with an eccentric member and a bearing fitted onto the eccentric member therebetween; an internal gear engaging with the external gear, the internal gear being coaxial with respect to the input shaft; an output shaft for outputting a reduced rotational force; and a drive for coupling the external gear and the output shaft. The planetary gear apparatus is adapted to transmit the rotational force of the input shaft to the output shaft after it has reduced the speed thereof, or to transmit the rotational force of the output shaft to the input shaft after it has increased the speed thereof, by fixing the internal gear. The external gear has a ring-like shape.

Abstract: A control for a power transmission has a plurality of shift valves that are solenoid controlled, during normal operation, to establish the transmission ratios. A manual valve having a rotary valve is hydraulically connected with the shift valves and maintained in an inoperative position during normal operation. The manual valve is manipulable by an operator to selectively direct hydraulic signals to the shift valves if the solenoid controls become inoperative. The manual valve permits selection of a forward drive, a reverse drive and a neutral condition so that vehicle operation can continue when electrical power is unavailable for the solenoids.

Abstract: In a power transfer device including a housing, an input shaft rotatably mounted within the housing, an output shaft rotatably mounted within the housing and arranged coaxially with the input shaft for relative rotation thereto, a planetary gear unit arranged within the housing and having an input element mounted on the input shaft for rotation therewith and an output element connectable to the output shaft, and a clutch sleeve axially slidably mounted on the output shaft and shiftable between a first position in which it is retained to effect a drive connection between the input and output shafts and a second position in which it is retained to effect a drive connection between the output element of the gear unit and the output shaft, an oil pump assembly is arranged in parallel with the input shaft and mounted on an internal wall of the housing to be driven by the output element of the gear unit to pump up lubricating oil stored within the housing and supply it into an axial bore in the input shaft through

Abstract: An automotive differential is provided with pinion gears which are rotatably mounted in the differential housing. The differential housing is further provided with radially extending lubricant passages intersecting the pinion gear bores. Grooves or recesses on the rotating pinion bearing surfaces remove oil from the lubricant passages to provide lubrication of the bearing surfaces of the pinion gears. A conical thrust bearing is provided between the pinion and the differential housing to maintain stability of the pinion gear. Preferably, the lubricant passages extend from the interior cavity of the differential to the exterior to provide better recirculation of the oil through the interior cavity to provide improved cooling of the differential and prevent the lubricant from reaching excessive temperatures.

Abstract: A nutating gear positraction differential composed of two cam operated nutating gear sets, wherein the axles or shafts are connected to the cams of their respective gear sets; the cam operated gear sets transmit motion only from the cams to the gears and not in reverse. This forces the gear sets to lock up as soon as one cam loses its load.

Abstract: A shift control system for an automatic transmission includes a sensing section for sensing various vehicle conditions, such as vehicle speed, acceleration, throttle opening, time rate of change of the throttle opening, and a vehicle running resistance, and fuzzy control section for determining a desired gear ratio by fuzzy inference using predetermined membership functions of the vehicle conditions.

Abstract: Within a transmission casing (3) having therein a drive shaft (4), driven by an engine (1) through a main clutch (2), and a hollow speed-change shaft (5), a key-shift transmission mechanism (8) is disposed which comprises a plurality of meshing gears (9I-9V, 10I-10V) mounted respectively on the drive and change shafts. An axle (6) drivingly connected to left and right drive wheels (7) extends through the hollow change shaft. One end of the change shaft is spaced from an inner wall surface of the transmission casing for disposing therebetween an auxiliary clutch (13) which is operable between the change shaft and axle. Both of the main and auxiliary clutches are operated together.The transmission mechanism is provided for a plurality of variable speeds of a mower in a compact fashion owing to a co-axial arrangement of the hollow change shaft and the axle passing therethrough.

Abstract: A selecting valve is provided, which is switched by different signals sent out when the vehicle is stopped or when the vehicle is to start to move. The selecting valve is connected to a hydraulic servo unit for a forward clutch which is engaged to transmit torque when the vehicle is to move forward, and is supplied with line pressure and a control pressure provided by an electronically operated regulating valve, such as an electronically controlled throttle valve. The regulated control pressure from the electronically operated regulating valve is supplied to the hydraulic servo unit for the forward clutch when the vehicle is stopped, while line pressure is supplied when the vehicle is to move, thus preventing creeping and shift shock at starts. Since the selecting valve is provided with a port leading to the hydraulic servo unit for a brake which restricts vehicle movement, the brake can be applied when the vehicle is stopped and released when moved, thus providing hill-holding capability.

Abstract: A differential gear assembly wherein at least one constant velocity universal joint is integrated within the gear housing and wherein an outer joint member of the universal joint is designed as an outer bevel gear and is axially inwardly supported relative to the differential or planetary gears of the assembly and is outwardly supported relative to the differential carrier on a radial supporting face. The inner member of the joint is supported toward the outside on a counter face of the differential cage and/or toward the inside on a corresponding part of a second constant velocity universal joint or on a special supporting ring. Support of the joint inner part may be effected either directly or indirectly by means of a ball cage or a shaft journal, and the supporting ring is particularly suitable as a central supporting element if two constant velocity universal joints are integrated into the differential gear assembly.

Abstract: An improved non-slip differential (10) includes a case (12) with a rotatable control shaft (52) and sliding control bushings (80) supporting a pair of offset bevel gears (50) which are coupled via U-joints (62) to output shafts (48). A pinion gear (64b) is set at an obtuse angle between the bevel gears (50) such that neither bevel gear and corresponding output shaft (48) can be driven to the exclusion of the other. Another pinion gear (64a) set at an acute angle relative to the bevel gears (50) is preferably included for additional load distribution between the bevel gears. A second embodiment (80) incorporates non-toothed bevels (82) and pinions (84a and 84b) in frictional engagement.

Abstract: A toothed power transmission belt having a high modulus polyurethane body, an aramid type -II tensile member occupying up to about 88 percent of the belt width, and a wear-resistant fabric disposed along the belt inner surface at the tooth flanks.

Abstract: A reversing gear assembly (13) for use in yachts having an angle drive system comprises a horizontal input shaft (15), to be connected to a horizontally mounted engine (11), and an inclined output shaft (16) to be connected to the propeller shaft (12). Gear casing (14) includes an intermediate shaft (17) which extends parallel with the output shaft (16). The forward direction drive path includes meshing cylindrical gear (18) and conical gear (20) on the input and output shafts (15, 16). The reverse direction drive path has on the input and output shafts (15, 16) two cylindrical gears (19, 21) with which a skew cylindrical gear (22) on the intermediate shaft (17) meshes at respective axial halves of the skew gear. The center of engagement between the meshing gears (19, 22) on the input and intermediate shafts (15, 17) is located on the sole, common perpendicular line of these shafts. A reversing clutch (23) is disposed on the output shaft (16).

Abstract: A reduction ratio control for a continuously variable transmission is provided. In this control, a target value is changed to a new target value in response to deceleration after the motor vehicle has started decelerating, and the reduction ratio change is carried out in such a manner as to decrease a difference between an actual value and the new target value toward zero.

Abstract: A plurality of clutch hydraulic pressure gradual increase patterns for maintaining jerk value at a level of a target value are previously determined in dependence on vehicle weight and speed stages; a clutch hydraulic pressure gradual increase pattern corresponding to the vehicle weight and speed stage selected at the time of speed change is selected from the aforesaid plurality of clutch hydraulic pressure gradual increases patterns. Then, hydraulic pressure in a speed change clutch to be engaged is caused to increase gradually in accordance with the thus selected clutch hydraulic pressure gradual increase pattern.At the time point when a speed change command is issued, a speed change clutch to be subsequently brought in the engaged state is fed with hydraulic oil and gradually increasing hydraulic pressure is exerted on the speed change clutch after the time point when termination of filling time is confirmed with respect to this speed change clutch.

Abstract: The object of this device is to simplify and reduce the cost of the original assembly and/or the optional mounting of a controlling or limiting device associated with a differential mechanism whose output elements are connected to coaxial wheel shafts. This result is obtained by providing interengaging splines (16, 26) provided on two of the input and output elements of the differential, these splines being accessible from the exterior of the frame (2) and of the rolling bearings (3, 4) which support the differential and permitting the easy mounting of a limiting device (20) of any suitable type, for example of the slip type.