Abstract: The gas discharge lamp has a burner, which has a discharge vessel with a void, in which a filling of gas and other substances is disposed. Two electrodes protrude into the void, and between them, in operation of the gas discharge lamp, an electric arc develops. On the outside of the discharge vessel, in the region of the void, two auxiliary electrodes of opposite polarity are disposed facing one another. The auxiliary electrodes are formed by coating the outside of the discharge vessel with electrically conductive material. Prior to and optionally also during the ignition of the gas discharge lamp, high-frequency high voltage is applied to the auxiliary electrodes, which facilitates the ignition of the gas discharge lamp.

Abstract: An electron gun includes an electron emission cathode, a control electrode, and an extractor and the electron emission cathode is made of rare earth hexaboride. A tip of the electron emission cathode is located between the control electrode and the extractor, and the electron emission surface of the electron emission cathode is spherical or flat.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement which comprises electrical elements which include sensors for electromagnetic radiation such as light or X-rays or are constructed so as to emit or change light. At least one element of the arrangement is provided with a switching unit which evaluates the signal patterns of at least two control inputs of the element and compares them with at least one activation pattern. The element is activated in the case of correspondence. At least two elements of the arrangement have at least one identical activation pattern. The control inputs of the elements are preferably coupled to a control lead bus.

Abstract: A light-emitting device having the quality of an image high in homogeneity is provided. A printed wiring board (second substrate) (107) is provided facing a substrate (first substrate) (101) that has a luminous element (102) formed thereon. A PWB side wiring (second group of wirings) (110) on the printed wiring board (107) is electrically connected to element side wirings (first group of wirings) (103, 104) by anisotropic conductive films (105a, 105b). At this point, because a low resistant copper foil is used to form the PWB side wiring (110), a voltage drop of the element side wirings (103, 104) and a delay of a signal can be reduced. Accordingly, the homogeneity of the quality of an image is improved, and the operating speed of a driver circuit portion is enhanced.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEMS) apparatus has a base and a flap with a portion coupled to the base so that the flap may move out of the plane of the base between first and second position. The base may have a cavity with largely vertical sidewalls that contact a portion of the flap when the flap is in the second position Electrodes may be placed on the vertical sidewalls and electrically isolated from the base to provide electrostatic clamping of the flap to the sidewall. The base may be made from a substrate portion of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer and the flap defined from a device layer of the SOI wafer. The flap may be connected to the base by one or more flexures such as torsional beams. An array of one or more of such structures may be used to form an optical switch.

Abstract: Noble metallic tips, made of a Pt alloy or an Ir alloy, are fixed to electrode base materials. The electrode base materials are an alloy containing a chief element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, and Co and a plurality of additive elements. At least two kinds of additive elements contained in this alloy have a standard free energy of formation smaller than that of the chief element.

Abstract: An organic EL display device and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed, wherein an organic luminescence layer is formed at a crossing region of first and second electrodes using a shadow mask on which a plurality of holes are connected by bridges.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: A protection film for protecting a dielectric layer of an AC type PDP is formed such that impurity metal ion densities of the protection film of the PDP, which is aged, become 400 ppm or less, respectively, and the protection film contains three or more hydrogen atoms assuming that the total number of atoms of the protection film is 100.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retaining a damper wire used in a cathode ray tube to reduce vibration in the grill type mask assembly of a cathode ray tube. The damper wire is retained across a grill type mask by a bimetal damper spring having a first end and an opposing second end. The second end is coupled to the frame of the grill type mask assembly. A tab located proximate the first end of the damper spring is adapted to accept the damper wire that traverses the mask.

Abstract: A display unit includes light emitting devices arrayed in such a manner as to be spaced from each other, and a sealing material for covering the surfaces of the light emitting devices, wherein the sealing material has a light diffusion function. The light diffusion function is given to the sealing material by providing a reflection mirror and a half mirror in the sealing material, dispersing, in the sealing material, fine particles having a refractive index different from that of the sealing material, or dispersing bubbles in the sealing material. Since the light diffusion function is given to the sealing material, the light emission region of each of the light emitting devices is substantially enlarged to a size nearly equal to an array pitch of the light emitting devices, to thereby obtain an image display excellent in viewability.

Abstract: A method of imaging an object that includes subjecting an object to a beam of radiation that is directed along a first direction and analyzing a first portion of the beam of radiation that is transmitted through the object along the first direction so that the intensity of the first portion is suppressed. Analyzing a second portion of the beam of radiation that is refracted from the object. Generating an image of the object based on the suppressed first portion of the beam of radiation and the second portion of the beam of radiation.

Abstract: An electrode and spark plug for an internal combustion engine including an electrode of this type as a center electrode. The electrode includes an electrode base element made of a first material and an end section that is integrally joined to the electrode base element, with this end section including a first area that is integrally joined to the first material and is made of a platinum-containing material and including a second area that is integrally joined to the first area and is made of an iridium-containing and/or ruthenium-containing material. In a method for manufacturing an electrode of this type, a first recess is stamped in the electrode base element, a first preform is inserted into the first recess, the first preform is melted, thereby forming a first alloy, a second recess is stamped in an area of the first alloy, a second preform is inserted into the second recess, and the second preform is melted, thereby forming a second alloy.

Abstract: A cotton sample is subjected to noninvasive x-ray microtomographic image analysis in order to recognize cotton contaminants in the cotton sample. The cotton contaminants are detected and classified using an x-ray microtomographic system. Once the cotton contaminants in the cotton sample are detected and classified, the cotton sample may be graded based on the type and amount of cotton contaminants present.

Abstract: The plasma display panel of present invention comprises a front plate, a rear plate and a conductive mesh plate sandwiched between said front plate and said rear plate for supporting them. Said mesh plate includes an array of mashes which, together with the addressing electrode on said rear plate and the scanning electrode on said front plate, form the discharge cell of the display panel. Said mesh plate has gas conductive grooves on its surface in the region between adjacent mashes. The present invention has the advantage of higher resolution, brightness, and light transmissivity as well as lower operating voltage compared with those of the plasma display panel in prior art. In addition, the present invention provides high rate of finished products and low manufacturing cost.

Abstract: It is an object of one of the inventions to acquire a radiation image in which a stripe pattern originating from a scattered ray removing grid is less apt to interfere with observation. An image acquisition apparatus of one of the inventions includes a sensor for spatially sampling a radiation transmission distribution of an object to be imaged at a spatial sampling interval and acquiring an image of the object, and a scattered ray removing grid for removing scattered rays from the object, wherein an interval of elements of the scattered ray removing grid is set such that a spatial frequency of a stripe pattern, in the image, which originates from the scattered ray removing grid becomes not greater than 40% of a sampling frequency that is a reciprocal of the spatial sampling interval.

Abstract: Phosphorescent OLEDs having a double doped-layer structure wherein the OLEDs include a hole transporting layer (HTL) having a phosphorescent material doped therein, and an electron transporting layer (ETL) having the same phosphorescent material doped therein. Typically, these phosphorescent OLEDs have an anode, a first HTL over the anode, a second HTL that is doped with a phosphorescent material over the first HTL, a first ETL that is doped with a phosphorescent material over the second HTL, a second ETL over the first ETL, and a cathode over the second ETL. These phosphorescent OLEDs preferably include blue phosphorescent OLEDs with high efficiency levels.

Abstract: A radiation machine incorporating a diagnostic imaging system is disclosed. The invention provides a very stable design of the machine by supporting an inner gantry part, including a treatment and diagnostic radiation source and detector, by an outer gantry part at two support locations situated at opposite sides of a treatment volume in a patient to be irradiated. This stable gantry design provides a high rotation speed of the inner gantry part relative the outer gantry part around the target volume, which speed is adapted for the high resolution imaging system. Based on the obtained images, changes and developments in tumor tissue and misplacement of patient may be detected. The images may be compared to a reference image to detect any anatomical or spatial difference therebetween. Based on this comparison the settings of the radiation machine may be adapted accordingly.

Abstract: A display device (1) comprises a display screen (10) which comprises a blue color filter layer (24B) and a blue phosphor (25B). The blue phosphor is provided with or covered by blue pigments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the correction or compensation of individual differences between the conversion characteristics of the image sensors (11) and the processing units (12) of an X-ray detector which are connected thereto. It is assumed that a functional relationship in conformity with GW=Fi(Lij(?)) exists between the quantity of radiation (?) entering the detector and the grey value (GW) resulting therefrom for a pixel (j, i), where Lij describes the approximately linear behavior of the sensor arrangement (10) and Fi the non-linear behavior of the processing unit (12). For the inverse value Lij?1 a linear model function is used and for the inverse value Fi?1 a non-linear model function is used with parameters which can be calculated from calibration measurements with different radiation quantities (?k).