Abstract: A time-domain terahertz (THz) measurement system includes a single reference surface. A reference beam providing the single reference surface is supported at two mounting points, at least one of which is a non-fixed mounting point to allow for thermal expansion of the reference beam. The system acquires an air scan profile of the single reference surface with no sample present at a first time, and a sample scan profile with the sample present at a second time. The system further performs a linear correction of the air scan profile using distance measurements at two reference points outside the boundaries of the sample collected at the time of acquisition of the air scan profile and the sample scan profile. The system measures one or more properties of a sample, including, for example, a thickness profile of the sample and an effective refractive index profile of the sample.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing an adaptive therapy workflow that minimizes time needed to create a session patient model, select an appropriate plan for the treatment session, and treat the patient.

Abstract: A method is for analyzing, using a detector of alpha particles, a sample comprising at least one radionuclide emitter of a plurality of alpha particles. The detector comprises a detection medium and a plurality of measurement cells suitable for measuring at least one incident signal generated by an interaction of the alpha particle with said detection medium. The detector is designed to provide an autoradiographic image of said sample. The method comprises a step for determining (E1) an initial energy of each alpha particle. The step comprises repeating three sub-steps: determining (D1) a position of a first interaction of an alpha particle with the detection medium, determining (D2) an energy deposited by the particle in the interior of the detector and determining (D3) the initial energy of the alpha particle. The method then comprises constructing an energy spectrum for one zone of the autoradiographic image.

Abstract: A measurement system obtains its own measurement result through use of a different system's measurement result obtained by a different measurement system. The measurement system includes: an output data acquisition unit, a designated position acquisition unit configured to acquire a designated position, which is a position indicating an address at which the different system's measurement result is represented in the output data, by a user's designation, a different system's measurement result acquisition unit, a measurement result acquisition unit, and a position data storage unit configured to store position data indicating the designated position.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a radiation detection system, a radiation output device, and a radiation detection device. The radiation detection system includes a radiation output device having an output control unit, and a radiation detection device having a recognition unit that recognizes whether radiation has been output from the radiation output device on the basis of a radiation detection signal. The output control unit causes radiation to be output at a first intensity from a time point of the start of outputting of radiation, and then causes the radiation to be output at a second intensity. The first intensity is an intensity higher than the second intensity and satisfying a threshold value condition set in advance in the recognition unit. The recognition unit recognizes that a detection signal of the radiation with the first intensity satisfies the threshold value condition, thereby recognizing the start of outputting of the radiation.

Abstract: A trip avoidance X-ray inspection system, typically defining a specialized system that delivers pulsed X-rays, comprises one or more pulse X-ray cameras, each comprising a known set of effects on nucleonic instrumentation; a predetermined set of such shielded X-ray sources; a predetermined set of nucleonic instrumentation operatively in communication with one or more pulse X-ray cameras; and a digital radiography detector adapted to allow, process, or otherwise create an X-ray produced image when disposed proximate predetermined set of nucleonic instrumentation. The pulse X-ray camera is adapted to be disposed at a predetermined distance from predetermined set of shielded X-ray sources.

Abstract: A proximity detector includes a sensor providing a proximity reading. The proximity detector is capable of comparing the reading to a rising threshold level and a falling threshold level, wherein the falling threshold level is less than the rising threshold level. The proximity detector filters the proximity reading through three low pass filters using a three different time constants to generate three filtered readings. While the proximity detector is in the no material present state, the proximity detector will enter the material present state when the second filtered reading is less than the difference between the first filtered reading and the falling threshold. While the proximity detector is in the material present state, the proximity detector enters the no material present state when the third filtered reading is greater than the sum of the first filtered reading and the rising threshold.

Abstract: A radiation detector assembly is provided that includes a semiconductor detector, plural pixelated anodes disposed on a surface of the semiconductor detector, and at least one processor. Each pixelated anode is configured to generate a mixed primary signal responsive to reception of a photon by at least one surrounding anode of the pixelated anode and to generate a mixed secondary signal responsive to reception of a photon by the pixelated anode. The at least one processor is operably coupled to the pixelated anodes, and is configured to: acquire the mixed primary signal from a first pixelated anode; acquire the mixed secondary signal from a second pixelated anode; and count an event in the second pixelated anode responsive to acquiring the mixed primary signal from the first pixelated anode and the mixed secondary signal from the second pixelated anode.

Abstract: Lightening method of at least one biological sample (S), in which said at least one biological sample includes at least one or more fluorophores, at the focal point (F) of at least one objective lens (L) having a main optical axis (z-z), the method comprising the following operational steps:—lightening (step 10) said at least one biological sample (S) with at least one excitation beam (EB), which propagates between said at least one objective lens (L) and said at least one biological sample (S) along at least one first propagation axis (a-a);—lightening (step 20) said at least one biological sample (S) with at least two depletion beams (DB, DB?), which propagate between said at least one objective lens (L) and said at least one biological sample (S) along the respective second propagation axes (b-b, said depletion beams being donut-shaped, each one in a plane orthogonal to the respective second propagation axis (b-b, b?-b?); whereby said at least one first propagation axis (a-a) and said at least second propa

Abstract: There is provided an edge-on x-ray detector configured for detecting incoming x-rays. The edge-on x-ray detector includes a plurality of adjacent x-ray sensors, and each x-ray sensor is oriented edge-on to incoming x-rays. The x-ray sensors are arranged side-by-side and/or lined up one after the other, and the interspacing between the x-ray sensors is at least partly filled with a gap filling material including a mixture or compound of resin and metal disulfide.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring formation properties in downhole operations are provided. The systems and methods include generating, at a neutron source, neutrons that are emitted into a downhole formation (302), registering, at a detector, photons generated by chemical constituents of the downhole formation (304), measuring a response of the photons registered at the detector (306), transforming, with a computing system, the measured responses of the photons registered at the detector into thermal neutron capture probabilities (308), and transforming the thermal neutron capture probabilities into weight concentrations of the chemical constituents of the downhole formation (312).

Abstract: A downhole logging tool includes a radiation generation source operable to emit radiation into a formation surrounding the tool and a radiation detector operable to detect backscattered radiation from the formation surrounding the tool. The tool also includes a sleeve positioned around the radiation generation source, the sleeve including at least one aperture for forming a pathway for a radiation beam, emitted from the radiation generation source, to enter the formation, the sleeve being rotatable about an axis of the tool to change a position of the aperture to distinctly inspect different regions of the formation.

Abstract: A downhole logging tool includes a radiation generation source operable to emit radiation into a formation surrounding the tool, a radiation detector fixed relative to the radiation generation source and operable to detect backscattered radiation from the formation surrounding the tool, and a sleeve positioned around the radiation detector to shield the radiation detector from a first portion of the backscattered radiation. The sleeve includes at least one aperture for exposing the radiation detector to a second portion of the backscattered radiation, in which the second portion of the backscattered radiation emanates from an inspected region of the formation facing the at least one aperture. A signal measured at the radiation detector corresponds to the inspected region of the formation, and the position of the at least one aperture is changeable with respect to the formation to distinctly inspect different regions of the formation.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting radiation, comprising: a first radiation absorption layer configured to generate first electrical signals from a photon of the radiation absorbed by the first radiation absorption layer, wherein the first radiation absorption layer comprises a first electrode; an electronic system configured to process the first electrical signals; a counter configured to register a number of photons absorbed by the radiation absorption layer; a controller; the controller is configured to cause the number registered by the counter to increase by one; a power supply; and a communication interface configured for the electronic system to communicate with outside circuitry.

Abstract: A method for determining an abnormality score map for Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) gamma camera flood analysis includes extracting a plurality of image patches from an input flood image and generating a feature vector for each image patch. A per-patch abnormality score is generated for each feature vector by comparing the feature vector against a normal flood feature dictionary comprising one or more normal flood feature vectors generated using a plurality of normal flood images. Then, an abnormality score map may be generated to depict the per-patch abnormality scores for the input flood image.

Abstract: A directional radiation detection system and an omnidirectional radiation detector. The omnidirectional radiation detector detects radiation comprising at least one of: (i) gamma rays; and (ii) neutron particles. A radiation scatter mask (RSM) of the radiation detection system includes a rotating sleeve received over the omnidirectional radiation detector and rotating about a longitudinal axis. The RSM further includes: (i) a fin extending longitudinally from one side of the rotating sleeve; and (ii) a wall extending from the rotating sleeve and spaced apart from the fin having an upper end distally positioned on the rotating sleeve spaced apart or next to from a first lateral side of the fin and a lower end proximally positioned on the rotating sleeve and spaced apart from or next to a second lateral side of the fin.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a printed circuit board and a detector assembly operably connected to the printed circuit board. The detector assembly includes a silicon photomultiplier and an organic scintillator coating applied to a surface of the silicon photomultiplier. A reflective foil covers the organic scintillator coating. A light sealing cover is secured to the printed circuit board such that the silicon photomultiplier and the organic scintillator are encapsulated within the light sealing cover.

Abstract: Methods, tools, and systems for determining porosity in an earth formation are disclosed. Neutrons are emitted into the formation to induce inelastic scattering gamma rays and thermal capture gamma rays in the formation. The induced gamma rays are detected at a proximal gamma detector and a far gamma detector, which are spaced at different axial distances from the neutron source. A measured proximal-to-far inelastic ratio (a ratio of inelastic scattering gammas detected at the proximal and far detector) and a proximal-to-far thermal capture ratio (a ratio of thermal capture gammas detected at the proximal and far detector) are determined and used to calculate the formation porosity. Techniques are disclosed for removing borehole and casing configuration effects from the measured proximal-to-far thermal capture ratio, leaving only porosity dependence.

Abstract: A highly accurate pulse height spectrum is generated within a short amount of time, further cost of a radiation imaging apparatus being reduced by employing a detector that performs calibration using the pulse height spectrum. Provided is a pulse height spectrum acquisition device of a radiation detector including multiple counting units for counting a detected signal obtained by detecting incident X-rays, when a value of the detected signal is equal to or larger than a threshold, and for outputting a count value of each counting unit.

Abstract: A thermal detector including a substrate, an absorbent membrane including a fixed part and a deformable part, the latter including a shape-memory alloy, and being arranged with respect to the substrate in such a way that its free end is in contact with the substrate at the contact temperature Tc above the austenite start temperature As.