Abstract: A method for measuring a quantity of a gaseous species—present in a gas and able to absorb light in an absorption spectral band—comprises: arranging the gas between a light source and a measurement photodetector, the light source being suitable for emitting an incident light wave propagating through the gas to the measurement photodetector, which is suitable for detecting a light wave transmitted by the gas, in the absorption spectral band; illuminating the gas by the light source; measuring, by the measurement photodetector, a measurement intensity of the light wave transmitted by the gas, in the absorption spectral band; measuring, by a reference photodetector, a reference intensity of a reference light wave being emitted by the light source. The method comprises a correction of the reference intensity by consideration of a parametric model, the parameters of the model being determined according to reference intensity measurements performed at various times.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an x-ray system, comprising: a support structure including a mounting surface; a target attached to the support structure on the mounting surface; wherein the target has a grain structure having a first dimension along an axis perpendicular to the mounting surface is longer than a longest dimension along any axis parallel to the mounting surface.

Abstract: A device for the collection of X-rays includes at least one multi-reflection reflector cone. The multi-reflection reflector cone has a focal axis. A first portion of the multi-reflection reflector cone is oriented at a first angle to the focal axis, and a second portion of the multi-reflection reflector cone is oriented at a second angle to the focal axis.

Abstract: Method of real-time adaptive digital pulse signal processing for high count rate gamma-ray spectroscopy applications includes receiving a preamplifier signal at a pulse deconvolver, the preamplifier signal including resolution deterioration resulting from pulse pile-up. The method further includes generating a deconvoluted signal, by the pulse deconvolver, from the preamplifier signal, the deconvoluted signal having less resolution deterioration as compared to the received preamplifier signal. The method furthermore includes shaping of the deconvoluted signal by a trapezoid filter, the shaping comprising adjusting a shaping parameter of the trapezoid filter for an incoming signal based on a time separation from a subsequent incoming signal.

Abstract: To provide a radiation imaging system which is adapted to downsize a photon counting radiation detector including a semiconductor layer for detecting photons of radiation and a collimator for suppressing incidence of scattered rays, and which ensures high voltage resistance. The radiation imaging system includes: a radiation source; a radiation detector; and a support portion for supporting the radiation source and the radiation detector in opposed relation. The system has a structure wherein the radiation detector includes a plurality of detecting element modules arranged in an arcuate form. The detecting element module includes a base fixed to the support portion; a semiconductor layer; a high-voltage wire for supplying high voltage to the semiconductor layer; a collimator for suppressing scattered rays, and a supporting column disposed at place within a predetermined distance from the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy diamond (FNVD) having a plurality of nitrogen-vacancy centers with a concentration about 1 ppm to 10,000 ppm. The FNVD as built-in fluorophores exhibit a nearly constant emission profile over 540 nm to 850 nm upon excitation by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-rays for the energy larger than 6.2 eV. Applying the FNVD sensor can measure VUV/EUV/X-rays as a sensing sheet, manufacturing method and uses thereof, sensor and lithography apparatus. The superb photostability and broad applicability of FNVDs offer a promising solution for the long-standing problem of lacking robust and reliable detectors for VUV, EUV, and X-rays.

Abstract: An electronic device may have optical sensors. Control circuitry may use sensor measurements in controlling adjustable components and taking other actions. The optical sensors may be self-mixing sensors such as incoherent self-mixing sensors. One or more sensors may be used in gathering sensor measurements. In configurations in which an electronic device contain multiple self-mixing sensors, multi-wavelength measurements can be gathered using incoherent light sources in the sensors that operate a set of different wavelengths. The light source of each incoherent self-mixing sensor may be a superluminescent light-emitting diode, a resonant cavity light-emitting diode, or other amplified or non-amplified spontaneous emission source. Optical systems such as lenses in a housing for an electronic device may be aligned with the self-mixing sensors.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a device including a light projector. An example light projector includes a light source that emits a light, a first diffractive optical element block comprising a first diffractive optical element and a first refractive material, and a second diffractive optical element block comprising a second diffractive optical element and a second refractive material. The first diffractive optical element is configured to project a first distribution of light, and the first refractive material is configured to switch the first diffractive optical element between projecting the first distribution of light and being prevented from projecting the first distribution of light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation measuring device capable of measuring concentration of radiation contained in indoor air. The radiation measuring device according to the present invention includes: an ionization chamber configured to be supplied with a voltage and to form a space for ionizing air introduced; a substrate assembly coupled to the ionization chamber and transfer the voltage supplied from the outside to the ionization chamber; a probe member provided in the ionization chamber and configured to detect an electric charge in the ionization chamber; and a switching element connected to the probe member and configured to allow a current to flow when the electric charge is applied to the probe member.

Abstract: Fluorescence imaging based on stimulated emission. In one example a system includes an excitation source (110) that excites fluorescent markers (122) in a sample (120) with an excitation beam (112), a stimulation source (130) that stimulates the excited fluorescent markers (122) to produce stimulated emission (124), and an objective lens (150) that receives the stimulation beam (132) and the stimulated emission (124). The system further includes a phase shifting and attenuation apparatus (200) configured to receive the stimulation beam (132) and the stimulated emission (124) from the objective lens (150), to attenuate the stimulation beam (132), and to induce a relative phase shift between a reference beam (optionally being at least a portion of the stimulation beam) and the stimulated emission, thereby causing constructive interference between the reference beam and the stimulated emission.

Abstract: A time of flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) image (38) is generated from TOF PET imaging data (10) acquired of a subject using a TOF PET imaging data acquisition device (6). Iterative image reconstruction (30) of the TOF PET imaging data is performed with TOF localization of counts along respective lines of response (LORs) to iteratively update a reconstructed image (32). Values for at least one regularization or filtering parameter are assigned to the TOF PET imaging data or to voxels of the reconstructed image based on an estimated TOF localization resolution for the TOF PET imaging data or voxels. Regularization (34) or filtering (36) of the reconstructed image is performed using the assigned values for the at least one regularization or filtering parameter. In some embodiments, the varying TOF localization resolution for the TOF PET imaging data or voxels is estimated based on related acquisition characteristics such as count rates or operating temperature of the detectors.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a radiation detection system, a radiation output device, and a radiation detection device. The radiation detection system includes a radiation output device having a radiation generation unit and an output control unit that controls output of radiation, and a radiation detection device having a radiographic image detector that detects radiation output from the radiation output device, and a recognition unit that recognizes whether radiation has been output from the radiation output device on the basis of a radiation detection signal output from the radiographic image detector. The output control unit causes radiation with a preset waveform pattern to be output from a time point of the start of outputting of the radiation, and the recognition unit recognizes the waveform pattern, thereby recognizing the start of outputting of the radiation.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for an X-ray imaging system comprising an X-ray source, an X-ray detector array having a plurality of X-ray detecting elements configured to detect X-rays passing through an object configured to be scanned, a plurality of collimator plates positioned between the object to be scanned and the X-ray detector array, wherein one or more of the plurality of collimator plates comprises at least one bend at or in a region of a bottom end of the collimator plate, the bottom end facing the X-ray detecting elements of the X-ray imaging system. The X-ray imaging system may be a CT imaging system or other imaging system that includes an X-ray source and an X-ray detector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detection values determination system, especially for photon-counting CT scanners, comprising a detection pulse providing unit for providing detection pulses for an array of detection pixels 17, which is provided with an anti-charge-sharing grid 15 for suppressing charge sharing between different clusters 14 of the detection pixels, wherein the detection pulses are indicative of the energy of photons incident on the detection pixels. Charge-sharing-corrected detection values are determined based on the provided detection pulses, wherein for determining a charge-sharing-corrected detection value for a detection pixel of a cluster only detection pixels of the same cluster are considered. This allows for a relatively high detective quantum efficiency, wherein the technical efforts for providing the charge sharing correction can be relatively low.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to fluorescent marking compositions and their use to determine whether a surface has been cleaned. More particularly, the marking compositions comprise fluorescent polymers.

Abstract: A system and method for air calibration in a Computed Tomography (CT) imaging system are provided. A first set of data associated with air in a scanning area may be obtained. A second set of data associated with an object in the scanning area may be obtained. The second set of data based on the first set of data may be calibrated, and a set of reference values generated by a neural network model may be used to perform the calibration. A third set of data based on the calibration of the second set of data may be generated. Based on the third set of data, a CT image of the object may be generated.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an electronic device. The electronic device includes a first scintillator layer, a transistor, and one or more device elements over the transistor, and the one or more device elements include a photodetector. Meanwhile, the first scintillator layer is monolithically integrated with at least one of the transistor or the one or more device elements. Other embodiments of related systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A radiation sensor including a plurality of pixels formed in and on a semiconductor substrate, each pixel including a microboard suspended above the substrate by thermal insulation arms, the microboard including: a conversion element for converting incident electromagnetic radiation into thermal energy; and a passive optical shutter including a heat-sensitive layer covering one of the faces of the conversion element, the heat-sensitive layer having a reflection coefficient for the radiation to be detected that increases as a function of its temperature.

Abstract: A charged particle detector is provided. The charged particle detector includes a flexible semiconductor wafer, the semiconductor wafer being doped to form a p-n junction, and an amplifier coupled to the semiconductor wafer and configured to amplify a current or voltage across the p-n junction.

Abstract: A dual-frequency-comb spectrometer and a method for spectroscopic investigation of a sample are described. The spectrometer includes first and second frequency comb devices for emitting laser pulses along first and second light paths, wherein the repetition frequency of the laser pulses emitted by the second device is offset from that of the first device. First and second multi-core waveguides including at least two separate single core waveguides having field-coupling via a coupling gap therebetween are arranged in the first and second light paths. The sample is irradiated by the second frequency comb in the second light path. A detector device is arranged in a third light path where the first and second light paths are combined, for simultaneously sensing the first frequency comb and the second frequency comb after an interaction with the sample. A computing device receives output of the detector device and calculates spectroscopic properties of the sample.