Abstract: Gas exchange analysis methods and systems utilize a water vapor buffering component including a material configured to buffer water vapor in a flow of a gas, whereby fluctuations in the water vapor content in the flow of the gas are slowed for components downstream from the water vapor buffering component. Components downstream of the water vapor buffering component may include: a first water vapor sensor configured to receive the flow of the gas from the water vapor buffering component and configured to measure a first concentration of water vapor in the gas; a sample chamber configured to receive the gas exiting the water vapor buffering component or the first water vapor sensor and to hold a sample capable of adding or removing water vapor from the gas; and a second water vapor sensor configured to measure a second concentration of water vapor in the gas exiting the sample chamber.

Abstract: A multimodal sensor of high sensitivity and high selectivity using multifunctional three-dimensional nanostructure having electric and optical sensing ability and a method thereof are provided. The method includes forming multi-layered nanowires including a multifunctional material, transferring the nanowires to a plurality of layers onto a target substrate to form the three-dimensional nanostructure, heat-treating the three-dimensional nanostructure, and forming electrode layers at the three-dimensional nanostructure.

Abstract: Techniques including methods, apparatus and computer program products are disclosed. These techniques include computer instructions that are encoded on computer storage media for determining wettability. The techniques use a numerical aging computation process to provide a representation of a wettability alteration of a physical rock sample in the presence of at least two fluids is disclosed. The techniques include retrieving a representation of a physical rock sample, the representation including pore space and grain space data corresponding to the physical rock sample, calculating local curvature for each surface in the pore space, determining from the calculated local curvature whether water-film breakage will occur, and classifying the wettability of the physical rock based on the determination of water-film breakage.

Abstract: A gas sensor device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; a metal oxide layer that is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and is in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode; an interlayer insulating film that covers a part of the first electrode, a part of the second electrode, and a part of the metal oxide layer; and a hydrogen permeable film that allows only hydrogen to permeate, a local region that is in contact with the second electrode is provided inside the metal oxide layer, the local region having a higher oxygen deficiency than an oxygen deficiency of the other region in the metal oxide layer, an opening that exposes a gas contact portion which is a part of a main surface of the second electrode is provided in the interlayer insulating film, and the hydrogen permeable film is provided to cover at least the gas contact portion.

Abstract: Air quality measurement system, method and apparatus are described. The air quality measurement system is also referred to as air constituent measurement system. Various air-quality parameters such as, for example, particulate matter, SO2, NO2, CO, O3, H2S, CO2, HCL, NH3, CH4, VOC etc. can be measured.

Abstract: A method of operating a gas sensor for a gas analyte including a sensing component includes, in a first mode, interrogating the sensor by periodically applying an electrical signal to the sensing component of the sensor, measuring sensor response to the electrical signal which is indicative of a sensitivity of the sensor each time the electrical signal is applied to the sensing component, determining whether one or more thresholds have been exceeded based upon the sensor response determined each time the electrical signal is applied to the sensing component, and entering a second mode, different from the first mode in analysis of the sensor response to the periodically applied electrical signals, if one or more thresholds are exceeded.

Abstract: A fluid diverting module includes a multi-position fluid diverting device comprising three-dimensional movable flow-paths with minimal tortuosity in the movable portion (the rotor) of the fluid diverting device. In some embodiments, the device is also equipped with a filtration module that is capable of filtering solid particulates from fluidic samples. The invention relates to an area of non-disruptive sampling from various sample sources including ones containing solids. The fluid diverting device maintains fluid communication between the sample source and a pressure creating device in all positions of the fluid diverting device, thus conserving the pressure inside the sample source during sampling. The sampling operation is controlled from a controller, which is equipped with a software for manual or intelligent control.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phase separation sensor which can easily change its direction due to its flexible feature without using a corner connector even at a position limited in space or at a narrow space, and can separate and sense water and chemical solution so as to be easily used in outdoor environment exposed to rain, snow, hail or others. The phase separation sensor includes: a detection part (100) having a pair of detection lines (110, 120) spaced apart from each other in a width direction to be arranged side by side; and an insulation part (200) having insulation films (210, 220), which have detection holes (210a, 220a) formed at equal intervals in a longitudinal direction to be opposed to the detection part (100) and adhesive layers (211, 221) formed at areas of the insulation films (210, 220), which touch the detection lines (110, 120).

Abstract: A method of measuring the speed of a fluid comprising the following steps: generating a plurality of pseudorandom frequencies (fus_n); for each pseudorandom frequency (fus_n), emitting ultrasound signals into the fluid to travel along a path of defined length; receiving the ultrasound signals; for each received ultrasound signal, producing a travel time measurement, so as to generate for each pseudorandom frequency (fus_n) a predefined number of travel time measurements; for each pseudorandom frequency (fus_n), evaluating the accuracy of the measurements; for evaluating the speed of the fluid, making use of the measurements produced for the pseudorandom frequency that presents the greatest accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of evaluating the hydrophobicity of a powder. According to the present invention, a powder is charged into a mixed solvent composed of a lipophilic solvent and a hydrophilic solvent, the voltage rate R of the mixed solvent is measured at predetermined time intervals while adding a lipophilic solvent to the mixed solvent charged with the powder, a parameter x correlating with the concentration of powder is defined for an arbitrary voltage rate R, a continuous function HP(x) of the ratio of a lipophilic solvent corresponding to x is defined, and HP(x) for required x is set as a representative value of a lipophilic solvent ratio distribution and used as an index of hydrophobicity.

Abstract: A qualitative and quantitative heavy metal analysis device and, more particularly, a qualitative and quantitative heavy metal analysis device implemented by a rotary platform are provided. The rotary platform device includes a main injection part which is positioned near a rotating shaft of a rotary platform, wherein the main injection part is configured to receive a fluid sample containing heavy metals, a pH adjusting part configured to adjust pH of the fluid sample, a detecting part coated with a chelating agent configured to initiate a color reaction with heavy metals in the fluid sample by spreading the pH-adjusted fluid sample into the detecting part, and a ruler for measuring a spreading distance of the color reaction, wherein the fluid sample moves from the main injection part through the pH adjusting part to the detecting part by a rotation of the rotary platform device.

Abstract: A leak detection system includes a testing interface, which includes a rotation holder configured to retain and rotate a package. The testing interface includes a plunger apparatus configured to actuate a plunger to apply a pressure to the package before and/or during the package being inspected using a high voltage leak detection (HVLD) apparatus. The testing interface also includes a controller configured to operate and coordinate the operation of the testing interface with operation of the HVLD apparatus.

Abstract: Systems and method for automatically determining offset correction values in a differential measurement system, and for correcting measurement offsets between two measurement devices in the differential measurement system. A method for determining real-time offset corrections in a gas analysis system having first and second gas analyzers includes for each of a plurality of gas concentrations within a range of gas concentrations: a) supplying the concentration of gas to the first and second gas analyzers through first and second gas flow lines, respectively; b) measuring a first gas concentration value using the first gas analyzer; and c) measuring a second gas concentration value using the second gas analyzer. The method may also include determining an offset value between each corresponding first and second gas concentration value, and determining a functional relationship between the offset values and gas concentration measurements of the first gas analyzer.

Abstract: A shaped lens for minimizing differences in time of arrival at the output surface of an explosive assembly. The lens is plano-convex with the convex shape oriented towards the explosive charge. The lens becomes monotonically thicker as the center of the lens is radially approached from the edge, according to a formula accounting for the detonation velocity of the explosive and velocity of the shockwave through the lens. The lens is preferably incorporated into a test fixture using a liquid explosive, such as nitromethane. The test fixture may be assembled on site, at the test location.

Abstract: A gas sensor element comprising a long plate-like element body and a porous protective layer protecting a surface of the element body, wherein the element body has a gas detection part at an end thereof on one end face side in a longitudinal direction, and the protective layer includes an end face part covering the one end face in laminate, side face parts covering side faces connected to the one end face in laminate, and corner parts where two adjacent ones of the end face part and the side face parts meet. An outer surface of one or more of the end face part and the side face parts has a concave shape that is smoothly continuous with the corner parts and configured such that a layer thickness increases toward the corner parts.

Abstract: A method includes applying heat to a metal oxide sensing element of a gas sensor, varying the heat applied to the metal oxide sensing element for at least a time interval, and measuring an electrical resistance of the metal oxide sensing element versus variation of the heat for a time interval. The measurement of electrical resistance of the metal oxide sensing element versus variation of the heat applied to the metal oxide sensing element is compared to a set of corresponding reference measurements associated with a plurality of different target gases. A further sensor parameter versus the variation of electrical resistance and variation of the heat applied is measured to obtain a three-dimensional trajectory corresponding to variation of the sensor resistance, the variation of said heat and the variation of the further sensor parameter. This comparing includes comparing the trajectory in three dimensions to a set of reference three-dimensional objects.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for leak detection and monitoring. The system includes a plurality of gas sensors with wireless connectivity adapted to be distributed over an area of interest that contains a suspected gas leak. An aggregator aggregates leak detection data obtained from the plurality of gas sensors. At web-based user interface allow viewing of the data on any of various non-specific electronic devices. The user interface is simultaneously accessible on a plurality of wireless mobile devices. A wireless local area network, such as a mesh network with the sensors as nodes, interconnects each of the plurality of gas sensors and the aggregator.

Abstract: Systems and methods for predicting, detecting, and/or mitigating a pipe freeze are provided. A system for analyzing water in a plumbing system includes a sensor that is configured to measure pressure within a pipe in the plumbing system as a function of time, and a processor that is configured to determine a state of water within the pipe by analyzing the pressure within the pipe as a function of time. The state of the water includes a prediction that the water within the pipe will freeze and/or a determination that the water within the pipe has frozen. The sensor is arranged at a first location within the plumbing system that is remote from a second location within the plumbing system that corresponds to the state of the water.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a first electrode, a gas detecting layer disposed on the first electrode, and an electric-conduction enhanced electrode unit being electrically connected to the first electrode and the gas detecting layer. The electric-conduction enhanced electrode unit includes an electric-conduction enhancing layer and a second electrode electrically connected to the electric-conduction enhancing layer. The electric-conduction enhancing layer is electrically connected to the gas detecting layer and is made of an electrically conductive organic material.

Abstract: A test device and a calibration method thereof are disclosed. The test device for calibrating a test equipment, which is used to test a waterproof level of an electronic apparatus, comprises: two plates, which are pressed against each other with pressure, wherein minor gap between the two plates are used as water leakage path.