Abstract: A remote sensing system includes a transmitter for transmitting an online signal and first and second offline signals toward a target. A receiver receives a returned online signal and first and second returned offline signals from the target. A processor is provided for determining (a) a first ratio based on the returned online signal and first offline signal, and (b) a second ratio based on the returned online signal and second offline signal. A filter is also provided for correlating the first ratio with the second ratio for determining whether the returned online, first offline and/or second offline signals are useable. The returned online, first offline and second offline signals are used to compute first and second concentration path lengths (CPLs) of a column of air between a target and the remote sensing platform.

Abstract: A device for measuring spectrum of light includes a differential group delay (DGD) device positioned to receive light under measurement and to produce output light with a DGD value representing a difference in the group delay between two orthogonal optical polarizations of the light under measurement. An optical detector is positioned to receive the output light from the DGD device to measure a state and a degree of polarization of the output light. A processing device receives and processes measurements of the state and the degree of polarization from the optical detector. A probe light source produces probe light. An optical sensor receives the probe light and interacts with the probe light at a resonance wavelength of the optical sensor. A processing unit processes the optical spectrum of the returned probe light to extract information on a parameter to change the resonance wavelength.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for slitting composite material int1aaaaaaaaaaao tape and for measuring the width of the slit tape as the tape is being reeled onto take up rolls. The tape width is measured by an optical micrometer. The optical micrometer includes a transmitter for directing radiant energy over the tape and, a receiver for receiving radiant energy from the transmitter that passes across an edge of the tape and for producing a signal related to the width of the tape.

Abstract: A system (and corresponding methodology) for testing, evaluating and diagnosing quality of solar concentrator optics is provided. The innovation discloses mechanisms for evaluating the performance and quality of a solar collector via emission of modulated laser radiation upon (or near) a position of photovoltaic (PV) cells. The innovation discloses positioning two receivers at two distances from the source (e.g., solar collector or dish). These receivers are employed to collect modulated light which can be compared to standards or other thresholds thereby diagnosing quality of the collectors.

Abstract: Imprint lithography benefits from precise alignment between a template and a substrate during imprinting. A moiré signal resulting from indicia on the template and the substrate are acquired by a system comprising a line-scan camera and a digital micromirror device (DMD) which provides a high bandwidth, low-latency signal. Once acquired, the moiré signal may be used directly to align the template and the substrate without need for discrete position/angle encoders.

Abstract: In a method and system for measuring wear in the lining of a vessel by a laser contouring system having an electromagnetic radiation emitting and receiving device. The laser contouring system references permanent marks and temporary marks positioned outside, on, or within the vessel. The distances and direction from the electromagnetic radiation emitting and receiving device to the fixed and temporary marks is determined during an initial measurement by the electromagnetic radiation emitting and receiving device from a first scanning position. The electromagnetic radiation emitting and receiving device is then moved along a path from the first scanning position to a second scanning position wherein some of the marks which were scanned from the first scanning position are scanned again to determine the relative position of the vessel and points on the internal lining of the vessel to determine the contour of the lining.

Abstract: Method of determining defects in a substrate, the method comprising: scanning a scan range of the substrate with a sensor, the sensor projecting a beam of radiation on the substrate; measuring the fraction of the intensity of the radiation reflected from different substrate areas along the scan range; determining the variations of the measured fraction across the scan range; determining from the variations whether any defects are present in the substrate.

Abstract: A running yarn line inspection method inspects yarn lines running in parallel in the same surface. The running yarn line inspection method is provided with a first illumination means and a line sensor for imaging the yarn lines on the side of the first surface of the running surface of the yarn lines and a second illumination means on the side of the second surface, and comprises a data processing means which processes data obtained by the line sensor and a recording means which records data processed by the data processing means with time.

Abstract: A method of determining a volume of a platelet includes: (a) illuminating the platelet with incident light at a plurality of illumination wavelengths; (b) obtaining at least one two-dimensional image of the platelet corresponding to each illumination wavelength; (c) for each illumination wavelength, determining a mean optical density and a maximum optical density for the platelet; (d) determining an area of the platelet; (e) for each illumination wavelength, determining a volume of the platelet; (f) for each illumination wavelength, determining an integrated optical density for the platelet; and (g) determining the volume of the platelet based on a weighted combination of the area of the platelet, the volumes of the platelet corresponding to each of the illumination wavelengths, and the integrated optical densities for the platelet corresponding to each of the illumination wavelengths.

Abstract: A system for and method of allowing visual observation of a sample being subject to investigation by an electromagnetic beam, to identify where thereupon a beam of sample investigating electromagnetic radiation is caused to impinge, in combination with a data detector of the beam of sample investigating electromagnetic radiation after it interacts with the sample.

Abstract: Mapping ellipsometer and polarimeter systems which comprise polarization state change compensating beam directing means.

Abstract: A fiber cable distortion detection system includes a broadband source, an optical source fiber disposed in optical communication with the broadband source, an optical fiber under test (FUT) disposed in optical communication with the optical source fiber and an optical spectrum analyzer disposed in optical communication with the optical source fiber. The system combines the refection of the distortion with the reflection from the source/FUT interface using a 1×2 fiber coupler, the location of the distortion is precisely determined with high resolution by the spectrum of the combined signal. The system is miniaturized to the size of a hand-held device suitable for use in airplane cable plant installation or in an environment where space is limited.

Abstract: Apparatus for interrogating an optical fiber comprising a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings each having a resonant wavelength in a different discrete wavelength band. The apparatus comprises a delay arrangement interposed in use in an optical path for light supplied to and/or reflected from the fiber Bragg gratings. The delay arrangement is configured to apply a different time delay to light in each of the discrete wavelength bands, whereby the light reflected from each of the fiber Bragg gratings is received at an interrogator port of the apparatus in a different discrete time interval.

Abstract: A portal or gateway that includes a detector comprising a chirped laser; an open optical sample cell and a detector for detecting light from the chirped laser that has passed through the cell. The chirped laser may be a quantum cascade laser.

Abstract: A target system for determining positioning error between lithographically produced integrated circuit fields on at least one lithographic level. The target system includes a first target pattern on a lithographic field containing an integrated circuit pattern, with the first target pattern comprising a plurality of sub-patterns symmetric about a first target pattern center and at a same first distance from the first target pattern center. The target system also includes a second target pattern on a different lithographic field, with the second target pattern comprising a plurality of sub-patterns symmetric about a second target pattern center and at a same second distance from the second target pattern center. The second target pattern center is intended to be at the same location as the first target pattern center. The centers of the first and second target patterns may be determined and compared to determine positioning error between the lithographic fields.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a display panel includes an arriving part in which an unfinished display panel is disposed. The apparatus has at least one light transmitting part, a mold which is positioned on the arriving part and which includes at least one alignment key and a pattern forming part, a mold driver which drives the mold, and an alignment sensor which is positioned under the arriving part and which determines whether the display panel and the mold are erroneously aligned through the light transmitting part. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently and accurately pattern a specific material onto the display panel through an imprint lithography process using a pressing mold.

Abstract: A method of controlling a light beam in an optical system includes a light source that directs a collimated light beam along a path, through a sample, and toward the active area of a stationary detector. The method includes the step selectively moving a lens into the path of the light beam for spreading the beam in instances where the path of the beam is altered by the sample between the source and the stationary detector The detector, therefore, is held stationary. Adjustment means are provided for increasing the intensity characteristic of the light that reaches the detector to account for a decrease in intensity that occurs when the lens is in the path of the light beam to spread the beam.

Abstract: A blood analysis apparatus is provided. The blood analysis apparatus includes: a chip holding portion having an aperture which allows light to pass therethrough and holding a ?-TAS chip for holding a measurement liquid; a rotary body on which the chip holding portion is mounted; a light source; and a light-receiving unit. A measurement position of the rotary body at which the measurement liquid is to be measured with the light from the light source is set by: rotating the rotary body to obtain a light value of light which is emitted from the light source and received by the light-receiving unit through the aperture; and setting a rotational position of the rotary body where the light value is a threshold value or more, as the measurement position.

Abstract: The present disclosure presents systems and methods for providing for detecting a presence of an object or a user via a non-contact selection switch. An LED may emit a signal, comprising high components and low components within a plurality of pulses. A detector may determine that an average intensity of a received portion of the electromagnetic signal is below a predetermined threshold. The average intensity may be responsive to a ratio of high components duration over a period of time to low components duration over the period of time. An object located in proximity of the non-contact switch may reflect the portion of the signal. The detector may detect presence of the object by determining that a sum of average intensities of the received portion of the electromagnetic signal and the reflected portion of the electromagnetic signal exceeds the predetermined threshold responsive to the ratio of a duration of high components to a duration of low components within or over the period of time.

Abstract: Provided is an oxygen sensor using surface plasmon resonance, including: a laser diode emitting light; a polarizer converting the emitted light into polarized light; a prism receiving the polarized light from the polarizer and having a sensor substrate on one surface thereof so that the polarized light is reflected, the sensor substrate coated with oxygen-sensitive organic material; an oxygen concentration measurement chamber provided to enclose the sensor substrate so that oxygen whose concentration is to be measured is contained therein; a photodiode measuring an amount of light reflected from the prism; and a microcontroller unit controlling operation of the oxygen sensor and calculating the oxygen concentration.