Abstract: A fuel system for a prime mover includes a controller including at least one processor to determine a primary pressure value for a primary fuel, determine a secondary pressure value for a secondary fuel, and perform a first switch from the primary fuel to the secondary fuel if the primary pressure value is lesser than a first lower pressure threshold value, the secondary pressure value is greater than a second upper pressure threshold value, an operating speed value of the prime mover is greater than a fuel type initialization speed threshold value for the prime mover, an absolute speed error value is lesser than a steady-state absolute speed error threshold value for the prime mover, an operating load to be applied on the prime mover is greater than a rated load of the secondary fuel, and a fuel switchover timer threshold duration from a previous fuel switching event has elapsed.

Abstract: An internal combustion-type engine or powertrain that is capable of burning wet-alcohol fuel mixture and including a piston reciprocating within a cylinder attached to a cylinder head and connecting to a crank shaft via a connecting rod. An intake cam and valve is mounted within an intake port formed in the cylinder head and an exhaust cam and valve is mounted within an exhaust port also formed in the cylinder head. A pressurized fuel source is introduced into the cylinder by a fuel injector and the percentage of water in the alcohol/water mix operates to prolong the cylinder pressure in order to increase a mean effective pressure (IMEP), leading to a higher torque (improved Brake Mean Effective Pressure—BMEP) of the engine via a longer pressure pulse attained during the period of preferred mechanical advantage of the crank-arm of the engine.

Abstract: An explosion relief valve for a crankcase of an engine includes a carrier plate, a cap, and an annular flame arrestor. The carrier plate includes a valve plate that has a sinuous shape for redirecting flame back into the engine. The flame arrestor includes a plurality of layers of smooth metal sheets, with each layer having a pattern of apertures that is different in size and spacing than the pattern of apertures of its adjacent layer. The apertures of each layer are partially, and only partially, aligned with the perforations of its adjacent layers. The layers are laid flush against each other to minimize or eliminate air space between the layers, leaving only the air channels existing between the apertures of the metal sheet layers as passageways for exhaust gases to be released from the valve.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a nozzle body, and spray ducts coupled to the nozzle body and in spray path alignment with spray orifices therein. A nozzle check is movable within the nozzle body to open and close the spray orifices. Each of the spray ducts defines a duct center axis, and includes a center body forming, together with a duct inner surface, a spray jet passage circumferential of the duct center axis and reduced in area in a direction of spray jet advancement from the nozzle body.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided to reduce combustion time and/or combustion temperature in an internal combustion engine. In an exemplary embodiment, intake air and oxygen-rich gas are introduced upstream of a turbofan, wherein the amount of oxygen rich gas is controlled in proportion to the engine speed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine may include a first piston reciprocatingly disposed in a first cylinder, and a second piston reciprocatingly disposed in a second cylinder. A crankshaft may be coupled with the first piston and the second piston for rotational motion associated with reciprocating movement of at least one of the first piston and the second piston. A combustion chamber may be fluidly coupled with the first cylinder and the second cylinder. An intake valve may provide selective fluid communication between an intake system and the combustion chamber. The intake valve may be generally centrally disposed relative to the first cylinder and the second cylinder. An exhaust valve may provide selective fluid communication between an exhaust system and the combustion chamber. An ignition source may be at least partially disposed within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A control device of a hybrid vehicle includes: a determiner that determines whether or not a predetermined first condition that efficiency is prioritized is satisfied and whether or not a predetermined second condition that output performance is prioritized; and a control unit that controls an engine and an electric motor in accordance with an accelerator manipulation amount and a determination result of the determiner. When the first condition is satisfied, the control unit controls the driving power source such that the driving power source outputs first driving force in a first driving state where the efficiency is prioritized, and when the second condition is satisfied, the control unit controls the driving power source such that the driving power source outputs second driving force larger than the first driving force in a second driving state where the output performance is prioritized.

Abstract: A throttle valve device includes a body, a valve, a motor, and a cover. The body defines a passage, a motor space, and a connecting portion that connects the motor space to the passage. The motor includes a motor yoke made of a magnetic material, a plurality of magnets that are arranged on an inner circumferential surface of the motor yoke. The plurality of magnets are magnetized in a state where the motor yoke is disposed in the motor space of the body. The plurality of magnets are arranged in a circumferential direction in the motor yoke with a space. The connecting portion is aligned with the space between the plurality of magnets in a radial direction of the motor yoke.

Abstract: A cylinder head assembly includes a cylinder head casting, and an injector sleeve within an injector bore in the cylinder head casting. The injector sleeve includes a first sleeve end, and an injector clamping surface formed by an inner sleeve surface adjacent to a cylindrical second sleeve end. The injector sleeve further includes a sleeve clamping surface in contact with an upward facing middle deck surface of the cylinder head casting, and a reaction wall extending between the injector clamping surface and the sleeve clamping surface to transfer an injector clamping load to the upward facing middle deck surface.

Abstract: A fan control system includes a fan, a first temperature sensor, a calculating unit, a logic controller, and a memory unit. The first temperature sensor continuously senses temperatures of a device during a time period, in order to obtain a plurality of sampled temperatures. The calculating unit selects N1 latest sampled temperatures and N2 latest sampled temperatures from the sampled temperatures, and calculates a first average temperature according to the N1 sampled temperatures and a second average temperature according to the N2 sampled temperatures. N1 and N2 are positive integers. The logic controller is configured to select one of the first average temperature and the second average temperature to output as a compensation temperature. The memory unit is configured to store an operating table, and configured to output a rotational speed control signal to the fan corresponding to the operating table according to the compensation temperature.

Abstract: In vibratory plates (vibratory plate compactor machine), the reciprocating movement of an engine piston is converted into rotation of the crankshaft, and the latter is converted into rotation of an eccentric rotary shaft of vibrator unit, which create a periodic force that leads to reciprocating movement of the plate. Such a vibratory plate is complicated. It is proposed to use a free-piston engine with one piston as the engine for a vibratory plate. In this free piston engine, the piston moves reciprocally, and the cylinder performs reciprocating movements opposite to the movements of the piston. The cylinder is mounted vertically and fixed to the plate. In each engine cycle the gas pressure acts on the piston and cylinder. After combustion, the piston moves up and the cylinder moves down. Since the cylinder is fixed to the plate, it also moves downward and compacts soil, gravel, etc.

Abstract: A flange cover has multiple receptacles for receiving guide bars for a conveyor module at different angles. Further, a conveyor module arrangement has a flange cover of this kind, an operating medium container has a conveyor module arrangement of this kind, and a modular operating medium container system has a plurality of operating medium containers of this kind.

Abstract: A crankshaft (1) for a crankcase scavenged two stroke piston engine (2) is disclosed. The crankshaft (1) is configured to rotate around a rotation axis (ax) during operation. The crankshaft (1) comprises a crankpin (3) configured to move in a crank plane (cp) during operation, and a first and a second counterweight (5, 7) arranged on either side (S1, S2) of the crank plane (cp). The first counterweight (5) has a first outer radius (r1) measured from the rotation axis (ax) and the second counterweight (7) has a second outer radius (r2) measured from the rotation axis (ax). The first outer radius (r1) is smaller than the second outer radius (r2). The present disclosure further relates to a power unit (10), a crankcase scavenged two stroke piston engine (2), and a hand-held power tool (20).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a valve. In one example, a system may include a cooling arrangement including the valve, wherein the valve is configured to variably adjust coolant flow rates in response to one or more of a coolant temperature and a charge air pressure. The valve includes a transmission pin which may be acted upon via an expansion element and/or a pressure actuator.

Abstract: At least one thermal barrier coating member mounted on an inner wall surface, facing a combustion chamber of an engine, of a cylinder liner accommodating a piston slidably along an axial direction, is provided with: a base layer configured to be detachably fitted into a recess formed in the inner wall surface of the cylinder liner; and a thermal barrier coating layer formed on an opposite side of the base layer from the inner wall surface of the cylinder liner. The thermal barrier coating layer is disposed above a piston ring which is positioned at an uppermost position in the axial direction of the cylinder liner when the piston reaches top dead center.

Abstract: The present invention is proposed to simplify a structural complexity of a conventional oil cooling method for a car motor, reduce a material cost, and also achieve improved cooling performance, in which a cooling liquid, which is provided through a cooling pipe in a conventional case, is sprayed onto a heating portion in a motor through a reservoir tank and a nozzle which are attached to a motor housing through a direct cooling method. A reservoir space is integrally formed with the motor housing or is formed to be separate from the motor housing, a pressure of the cooling liquid is uniformly maintained and damped, and the cooling liquid introduced into the reservoir tank through a flow path formed without a cooling pipe is directly sprayed onto the heating portion to cool the heating portion such as a stator core or a coil.

Abstract: A device for enabling SOC estimation of at least one battery cell in an electrical energy storage system of a hybrid electric vehicle. The device initiates charging of the battery cell to a first voltage level. The battery cell is charged by an electric machine powered by a combustion engine. The device detects that the first voltage level is reached, initiates stop of fuel injection to the combustion engine. The device initiates discharging of the at least one battery to a second voltage level. The device detects that the battery cell has been discharged to a second voltage level. SOC estimation of the battery cell is enabled when the second voltage level has been reached.

Abstract: A connecting rod includes an elongated body having a first connection end and a second connection end and an intermediate portion extending between the first connection end and the second connection end. The first connection end includes a cylindrical opening configured to receive a bushing and a link pin. The first connection end includes a first side face and a second side face each raised relative to the intermediate portion, the first side face includes a recessed slot that communicates with the cylindrical opening and an outer edge of the first side face. The slots can optionally be provided on the second side face, giving the connecting rod one or more slots on each side, which lubricate the link pin with splash oil.

Abstract: A leak detection system is provided with a first window configured to mount at a first opening in a first wall portion in an enclosure (e.g., for a gas turbine engine or other equipment in a power plant). The leak detection system includes a leak sensor configured to transmit a beam through the first window and an interior of the enclosure to obtain sensor feedback. The leak detection system includes a controller configured to evaluate the sensor feedback to monitor for a leak of a hazardous fluid in the enclosure.

Abstract: The saddle-ride vehicle includes: a vehicle body frame; a hydraulic braking device that brakes a rear wheel; and a reservoir tank that stores a brake fluid of the braking device, the reservoir tank being supported on the vehicle body frame via a bracket, the reservoir tank being covered from an outside in a vehicle width direction by the vehicle body frame.