Abstract: Mutagenic substances in solutions are selectively adsorbed by specific solid adsorbents bearing covalently bound phthalocyanine derivatives. The adsorbents are prepared by coupling the organic solid materials, for instance, cotton and cellulose powder, with phthalocyanine derivatives having chemically reactive terminal groups. Such reactive phthalocyanines are commercially available as phthalocyanine reactive dyes.

Abstract: The recovery of water-free desorbates from adsorption filters hampered not only by desorption with water vapor but also by water which is adsorbed at the adsorption media from the gas or the air to be purified and which water is likewise driven out during the desorption. It has now been found that desorbate without water can be recovered if the gaseous desorption medium is pre-dried in a water sorption filter with an adsorption medium having water-selective action, before entering the condenser-cooler. Bypasses avoiding the sorption water reservoir as well as the condenser-cooler also permit operating conditions which go beyond the normal desorption, namely, desorption with increased temperature for driving out less volatile residual loads as well as reactivating desorption. In a particular embodiment, the sorption heat accumulator can be combined with the condenser-cooler, an embodiment which can be employed particularly for recovery equipments.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of cesium ions from an aqueous solution with an adduct compound in solid form containing a macrocyclical polyether and an inorganic heteropoly acid. The adduct compounds employed comprise an adduct of (a) benzo-15-crown-5 (B-15-C-5); dibenzo-21-crown-7 (DB-21-C-7); or dibenzo-30-crown-10 (DB-30-C-10), with (b) 12-molybdophosphoric acid (HPMo); 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW); 12-molybdosilicic acid (HSiMo); 12-tungstosilicic acid (HSiW); or an Na, K, Tl, or NH.sub.4 salt of any of these acids.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a self-contained unit wherein a continuous flow of contaminated liquid, such as steam-plant condensate recycled as feedwater, may be processed on an on-line basis through a replaceable demineralizing resin bed and through a replaceable filter cartridge. The disclosed configuration incorporates two cylindrical chambers within a single housing. Flow for demineralizing purposes is directed downwardly through the resin bed in the space between chambers, and the thus-demineralized flow is then directed upward through the filter cartridge in the inner chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for regulating a water-removing or drainage machine, particularly a double-sieve sludge drainage machine having a plurality of automatic control means for adaptation thereof to sludges with different drainage properties, comprising an automatic throughput control means in which a sludge level in a filtering zone serves as an indication for the automatic throughput control means, an automatic flocculant control means adapted to employ shearing strength of a sludge-flocculant mixture as an indication of drainage behavior, and an automatic sieve velocity control means responsive in dependence upon drainage velocity.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of encapsulating aqueous liquid waste materials in liquid thermosettable resins of the group consisting of vinyl ester resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and mixtures thereof, wherein the waste is emulsified in the resin, which comprises increasing the amount of waste material emulsified in a given amount of resin by incorporating in the resin-waste emulsion both a water soluble salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and a water-soluble polymeric substance containing a carbon chain having a plurality of --COOH groups or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of encapsulating aqueous liquid waste materials in liquid thermosettable resins of the group consisting of vinyl ester resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and mixtures thereof by forming an emulsion of such waste materials in said resins, which comprises increasing the amount of waste material incorporated in a given amount of resin by incorporating in the waste-resin emulsion a water-soluble salt of carboxymethyl cellulose.

Abstract: A self-retaining adsorbent container including a cylindrical cup-shaped casing of porous material, adsorbent in the casing, a porous end wall secured to the edge of the cup-shaped casing at its open end by a rim which is more rigid than the material of the cup-shaped casing, and diametrically spaced concave indentations in the casing and the cover for receiving spaced pipes in a refrigerant receiver.

Abstract: A high degree of water purity is obtained from a mixed-bed deionization process by minimization of cross-contamination of the cation and anion materials. After service, the materials are classified into superimposed uppermost, intermediate and lowermost layers above a perforate barrier in a separator vessel. The vessel has an elongate conduit having an inlet adjacent the barrier and an outlet outside the vessel. At least a major proportion of the material of the lowermost layer is passed through the outlet of the conduit and an interface between materials is detected. Thereupon, the conduit outlet is isolated from the conduit inlet so as to segregate in the conduit material from the intermediate layer. The ion exchange materials are then regenerated and re-mixed. The segregated material is independently removed from the conduit before the next regeneration cycle starts.

Abstract: An improved liquid filtration system is provided which comprises, in combination, a tank or other vessel having a central cavity and a liquid inlet tube and liquid outlet tube spaced apart. A porous, rigid, self-supporting removable filter is placed in the tank between the liquid inlet and liquid outlet and forms part of the system. The filter comprises a plurality of modules, each module comprising a self-supporting body of granules cemented together by set organic resin such as epoxy resin and disposed in a frame of, for example, fiberglass-reinforced nylon. Preferably, the modules are steeple shaped, placed in a circle or wheel configuration and removably secured to a cross plate fixed to the walls inside the tank. The upstream portion of the filter body in each module preferably contains a layer of fine aggregate while the downstream portion of the filter body preferably contains a layer of larger aggregate.

Abstract: Waste water containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide is passed through a vessel containing redox resin which oxidizes the dissolved hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur which is removed from the waste water, preferably through filtration. The method of the present invention is also particularly desirable in that the redox-active resin may be restored to a high oxidation state by contacting the resin with an oxidizing fluid such as humidified air or oxygen. The restoration of the redox-active resin is particularly easy when the resin is disposed within a vessel as a membrane dividing the interior volume of the vessel into separate chambers: one chamber for the passage of the waste water and the other chamber for the passage of oxidizing fluid.

Abstract: An upflow filter of the type in which a liquid influent (e.g. water) is directed upwardly through buoyant filter media particles includes a porous supporting member, preferably in the form of a screen having openings through it that are larger than the nominal size of the media particles. A layer of particulate material is positioned on the upper surface of the porous supporting member and has a nominal particle size that is greater than the size of the openings through the supporting member. This layer of particulate material includes a plurality of interstices, or passages through which filtered liquid influent can pass, and, in the most preferred embodiment, also retains the buoyant media particles in the filter.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous filtration of a fluid, for example water containing solids, comprising a plurality of filter cells partially filled with mobile filtering material, each cell having an inlet and an outlet, means being provided for continuously supplying fluid to the inlets, a drain element for filtered solids being connectible to a limited number of cell inlets without interrupting the fluid supply to the other cell inlets, the drain element lowering the fluid supply pressure prevailing at the limited number of cell inlets to a value lower than the filtrate pressure prevailing at the cell outlets so that these cells are backwashed with filtrate such that the mobile filtering material only partially filling the cells is swirled in the turbulent filtrate flow within the cells and is thoroughly cleaned from adhering solids.

Abstract: An intermittent ozone feeding apparatus including an ozonier for producing ozonized oxygen, an adsorption-desorption tower for adsorbing ozone from the ozonized oxygen and desorbing the ozone with oxygen produced from adsorbing ozone in said adsorption-desorption tower being recycled to the ozonizer, adsorption-desorption tower being cooled during an ozone adsorption period and being heated at a temperature higher than that in the adsorption period during the ozone desorption period while the adsorption-desorption tower is subject to suction under a reduced pressure so as to desorb ozone wherein the sucking operation is maintained until the pressure on the suction side of the tower side is lower than that within the adsorption-desorption tower after the desorption period has been completed.

Abstract: A process for purifying or working-up a mixture containing water, water-soluble salts, organic ions and organic solvents, particularly mixtures of water, NaCl, Na glycolate and aliphatic alcohols such as methanol or isopropanol, by separating the mixture into its components using acidic and/or basic ion exchangers, in particular, using weakly basic anion exchangers after optionally adjusting the pH of the mixture to an acid value. The process is especially suited for purifying liquid reaction media and/or washing media from the production of polysaccharides, such as cellulose ethers or starch ethers containing sodium-carboxymethyl group substituents, which are prepared from polysaccharides, an alkali metal hydroxide and monochloroacetate ions in a medium containing water and at least one organic solvent.

Abstract: A filter device for the softening and/or complete desalination of liquids includes a container which is filled with ion exchanger compound, through which the liquid to be treated flows, with an inflow an outflow opening. A hollow filtering member the interior of which is connected to a discharge opening for discharging purified liquid, is disposed in the container. The filtering member is disposed within a receiving space which is, at least largely, shielded from the ion exchanger compound and is in communication with the interior of the container.This arrangement of the filtering member ensures that, for instance, raw water introduced into the container can act on the filtering member only if it has first penetrated the ion exchanger compound.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of cesium ions from an aqueous solution with an adduct compound containing a macrocyclical polyether and an inorganic heteropoly acid component. An organic phase in the form of a solution of an adduct compound in a polar organic solvent is prepared. The adduct compound is the product of a crown ether containing at least one species of the structural elements ##STR1## where, in structure I, n represents one of the numbers 0, 1 or 2, the --C--(C).sub.n --O group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.1 is H,CH.sub.3, phenyl up to 4 R.sub.1 (.noteq.H); in structure II, the --C--C--O-- group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.2 is H,CH.sub.3, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.9 Ch.sub.3, phenyl up to 2 R.sub.2 (.noteq.H);and in structure III, the --C.dbd.C--O group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.3 is H,CH.sub.3, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.9 CH.sub.9, phenyl up to 2 R.sub.3 (.noteq.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for removing impurities such as iron compounds from water, which comprises:(1) an injector-mixer for colloidalizing the iron compounds in water under conditions of high shear and decompression/compression to finely divide existing insoluble iron hydrates, and by dissolution in the water of air in sufficient amount to oxidize and form colloidally dispersed iron hydrates from the dissolved iron present, thereby providing substantially all of the iron in the form of micelles having a surface charge;(2) a pressurizer for maintaining the water under a pressure within the range from about 10 to 500 psig;(3) a bed of particulate material having a surface charge capable of attracting, removing, and collecting the dispersed iron hydrates; and(4) a backwash system for removing the impurities collected throughout the mass of particulate material.

Abstract: Resins bearing picolylamine moieties selectively adsorb iodide ions from acidic aqueous solutions. The iodide can be readily eluted from the resin with base. Particularly useful resins are obtained by reacting chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-picolylamine or bis-(2-picolyl)amine.

Abstract: An improved filtering machine of the down-flow type is disclosed wherein a particular section of a granular media filtration bed is isolated for backwashing while allowing filtration to proceed in the remainder of the bed. The filter machine includes a liquid-holding tank containing a bed of granular media, structure permitting passage of filtrate through the bed from below, a flume for distributing influent liquid containing suspended solids across the bed for downward percolation therethrough, and a partitioning chamber mounted on a carriage mechanism which selectively conveys the partitioning chamber across the surface of the bed. The partitioning chamber is reciprocatably insertable into the bed to isolate selected sections from the remainder of the bed. A pump is in communication with the partitioning chamber to draw liquid upward through the bed within the isolated section.