Abstract: The present invention relates to an organism, a tissue, a cell or an organelle expressing enzymes which allow the conversion of 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG; also known as glycolate 2-phosphate,) into an intermediate compound of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle (CBBC) without releasing CO2. The organism, tissue, cell or organelle of the invention may be genetically engineered, transgenic and/or transplastomic so as to express at least one enzyme which is involved in this conversion. The present invention further relates to an organism, tissue, cell or organelle which comprises/expresses at least one enzyme which is involved in this conversion. The present invention further relates to a method for producing an organism, tissue, cell or organelle of the invention. The present invention further relates to a method of enzymatically converting 2-PG into an intermediate compound of the CBBC without releasing CO2.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for using a single feedstock of barley to produce a fermented product and a method for filtering a large-particles stream from a liquid stream containing small particles of a process stream using a series of mechanical separation devices to increase yield.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to compositions comprising one or more live bacterial strains for topical administration to the skin, wherein the one or more live bacterial strains are Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacterial strains, and methods for use.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for generating sugars from biomass. The methods and systems provide increased yields of carbohydrates and fermentable sugars by combining enzyme recycling with removal of saccharification enzyme inhibitors and increased solids loading.

Abstract: Provided is an agent for preserving a biological component, comprising a hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising a crosslinked product formed from a compound having a plurality of hydroxyl groups and a modified hyaluronic acid having substituents capable of reacting with the hydroxyl groups to form a crosslinked structure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions comprising a mixture of microbes and the metabolites produced when the microbes are grown together. The invention is further directed to methods for making and using the compositions.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to a novel mesenchymal stem cell line (hb-MSC), a culture medium conditioned by the hb-MSC line, and various hb-MSC compositions. The hb-MSC composition may include a plurality of hb-MSCs, an hb-MSC conditioned medium, or a combination thereof. The hb-MSC composition may also include an appropriate carrier. Also described are methods of use for the hb-MSC cells, the conditioned medium and compositions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating sepsis or septic shock including a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived adenosine kinase (ADK) protein as an active ingredient. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived ADK protein according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention has an effect of inhibit binding between the LPS and cells by binding to LPS, and also has an excellent therapeutic effect against sepsis by enhancing viability in a sepsis animal model and suppressing inflammatory response in the lung and cell death in the spleen.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating or preventing S. aureus infections are provided. The compositions can be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions or as disinfectants, sanitizers, detergents or antiseptics, and can be used to eradicate or reduce S. aureus populations and thereby treat or prevent infection by S. aureus. The compositions include one or more digestive enzymes, e.g., one or more protease, lipases, and amylases. Methods of use of the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A bottom surface of a container (1) formed of a flexible material is partially raised to be partitioned it into plural compartments (10), and cells are cultured in each compartment (10). In due time, the compartments (10) are removed to expand a culture area in the container. As a result, the cell density at the time of culture can be maintained at an appropriate level, and an operation of transferring cells from one culture container to another culture container at the time of proliferating cells in a large amount can be eliminated, whereby damage on cells and risk of contamination can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating chronic pulmonary disease, a pharmaceutical formulation containing the same, and a method for preparing the same, the composition comprising as an active ingredient an exosome derived from thrombin-treated stem cells. The therapeutic agent is advantageous in that since the therapeutic agent is a cell-free preparation, the risk of carcinogenesis is low and there is no problem of transplant rejection reaction, and furthermore, there is no possibility of causing the occlusion of the microvascular system upon systemic administration, and since the therapeutic agent is a non-cell separating material, it is possible to develop a pharmaceutical agent as an off-the-shelf product, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost, and the therapeutic agent has an excellent therapeutic effect for chronic pulmonary disease with a low concentration of exosome by virtue of the thrombin treatment effect.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bioreactor comprising a tank containing a culture medium in which a cell culture composed of algae cells is dispersed. The cell culture of algae has a concentration greater than 0.1 g/L in the culture medium, and each algal cell has a minimum absorption in a specific range of wavelengths of light. The bioreactor comprises a light source that is capable of emitting incident light in the direction of the tank, 60% of the photons of the incident light having a wavelength which is included in said specific range of wavelengths of light. The invention also relates to the use of the bioreactor for the production of biomass.

Abstract: A construct for detecting cellular membrane potential includes a nanoparticle operable as an electron donor; a modular peptide attached to the nanoparticle, the peptide comprising a nanoparticle association domain, a motif configured to mediate peptide insertion into the plasma membrane, and at least one attachment point for an electron acceptor positioned at a controlled distance from the nanoparticle; and an electron acceptor. The nanoparticle can be a quantum dot and the electron acceptor can be C60 fullerene. Emission correlates with cellular membrane potential.

Abstract: Controlling the gas inlet flow rate and energy input to a fermentation reactor to maximize conversion of syngas by maximizing uptake of hydrogen into a medium relative to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide based on determined volumetric mass transfer coefficients for hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an application of neuraminidase and inhibitors thereof in myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction, provides a correlation between neuraminidase and myocardial ischemic damage to prove the myocardial ischemic damage can be alleviated by inhibiting the activity of neuraminidase, and to prove the neuraminidase can be used as a target for screening drugs for preventing, alleviating and/or treating myocardial ischemic damage. The present invention also demonstrates the alleviating effect of neuraminidase inhibitors on myocardial ischemic damage. Neuraminidase inhibitors improves myocardial ischemic damage by reducing the level of neuraminidase. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical preparation comprising neuraminidase inhibitor(s) and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s), the pharmaceutical preparation can be used for reducing the level of neuraminidase, thus improving myocardial ischemic damage.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor present in a human. These methods include administering intratumorally to the human a unit dose of C. novyi, preferably C. novyi NT, colony forming units (CFUs), which contains about 1×103-1×107 CFUs suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or solution. Methods for debulking a solid tumor present in a human, methods for ablating a solid tumor present in a human, a method for microscopically precise excision of tumor cells in a human, methods for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor that has metastasized to one or more sites in a human, unit doses of C. novyi, preferably C. novyi NT, CFUs, and kits for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor present in a human are also provided.

Abstract: The current disclosure relates to technology for predicting cardiotoxicity of compounds. In vitro methods using human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultured in specific media are disclosed, as well as kits for use in the method. In the method, the cells are treated with a test compound in combination with a mitochondrial toxicant.

Abstract: A simple process for converting lignocellulosic biomass into fermentation products is disclosed. Biomass may be subjected to a steam or hot-water soak to dissolve hemicelluloses. This step is followed by mechanical refining, such as in a hot-blow refiner, of the cellulose-rich (and lignin-rich) solids. The refined solids are then enzymatically hydrolyzed to generate sugars. Certain embodiments provide a process for producing ethanol, comprising: digesting a cellulosic biomass feedstock with steam or hot water to produce cellulose-rich solids, hemicellulose oligomers, and lignin; conveying the digested stream through a blow-line refiner; separating a vapor from the refined stream; introducing the refined stream to an enzymatic hydrolysis unit to produce sugars; fermenting the sugars to produce ethanol in dilute solution; and concentrating the dilute solution to produce an ethanol product. Enzymes and microorganisms may be introduced at various points in the process.

Abstract: The probiotic powder compositions comprising probiotic microorganisms encapsulated in nutritional rich cereal powder matrix. Encapsulation of probiotics in cereal powders offers nutritive and health benefits to the consumer. The present invention further includes methods of making and using the probiotic powder compositions of the invention. The powder compositions are stable, maintains the viability of probiotic microorganisms in various formulations.