Abstract: A process and a precursor composition for preparing a lead-doped bismuth-strontium-calcium-copper oxide superconductor of the formula Bi.sub.a Pb.sub.b Sr.sub.c Ca.sub.d Cu.sub.e O.sub.f wherein a is from about 1.7 to about 1.9, b is from about 0.3 to about 0.45, c is from about 1.6 to about 2.2, d is from about 1.6 to about 2.2, e is from about 2.97 to about 3.2 and f is 10.+-.z by reacting a mixture of Bi.sub.4 Sr.sub.3 Ca.sub.3 Cu.sub.4 O.sub.16.+-.z, an alkaline earth metal cuprate, e.g., Sr.sub.9 Ca.sub.5 Cu.sub.24 O.sub.41, and an alkaline earth metal plumbate, e.g., Ca.sub.2-x Sr.sub.x PbO.sub.4 wherein x is about 0.5, is disclosed.

Abstract: High T.sub.c superconducting compounds are made by forming a reaction mixture of the oxides of Sr, Cu, Ca and Tl, compressing these into a hardened body, and placing the hardened body into a container. The container is then evacuated and sealed. The hardened body is heated under pressure until the oxides of Sr, Ca, Cu, and Tl react to form a superconducting compound.

Abstract: A dental refractory model material comprises as powdery components 5 to 20% by weight of a soluble phosphate, 5 to 20% by weight of magnesium oxide and 10 to 50% by weight of at least one selected from the group of alumina, zirconia, fused quartz, mullite, spinel and cordierite with the balance being crystalline quartz and crystobalite. The refractory model material also includes a liquid component such as a colloidal silica dispersion.

Abstract: Disclosed are useful and unique glass phosphate cement compositions and methods for their use as surgical implant materials to fill cavities in bone and canals in teeth. The cement compositions consist of glass powders having a range of chemicals including P.sub.2 O.sub.5, CaO, SrO and Na.sub.2 O in combination with an aqueous liquid and with or without therapeutic agents. Mixing the powder and liquid results in a hardening reaction. When the cement is implanted into hard tissue, it serves as a filler/graft material and along with the release of leachable constituents it can assist in the healing and maintenance of healthy bone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-temperature superconductor composed of the oxides of bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper and, optionally, of lead, and having the composition Bi.sub.2-a+b+c Pb.sub.a (Sr, Ca).sub.3-b-c Cu.sub.2+d O.sub.x, where a=0 to 0.7; b+c=0 to 0.5; d=-0.1 to 0.1 and x=7 to 10 and a Sr:Ca ratio of 2.8:1 to 1:2.8 as well as of strontium and/or barium sulfates. Said superconductor can be prepared by intimately mixing the oxides of bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper and optionally of lead with strontium and/or barium sulfates, melting the mixture by heating to temperatures of 870 to 1300.degree. C., higher temperatures being required for higher strontium and/or barium sulfate contents, pouring the melt into molds and allowing it to solidify slowly therein and subjecting the moldings removed from the molds to a heat treatment at temperatures of 700 to 900.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: A superconducting material higher in superconducting transition temperature and superconducting volume ratio than any conventional one is provided, which comprises a fullerene doped with rubidium and cesium. This fullerene system superconducting material makes it possible to improve both the superconducting transition temperature and superconducting volume ratio by having rubidium and cesium doped thereinto compared with any conventional fullerene systems. If the chemical composition of this super conducting material is expressed as Rb.sub.x Cs.sub.y C.sub.n, x and y are arbitrary if an equation x+y=3 is satisfied, preferable to be x=2 and y=1, further preferable to be x=1 and y=s. The superconducting transition temperature Tc and superconducting volume ratio when x=1 and y=2 or x=2 and y=1 are superior to those when x=3 and y=0 or x=0 and y=3, respectively.

Abstract: A RE-Ba-Cu-O type oxide superconducting material (RE represents Y, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or a combination of two or more of them) having a phase structure including a REBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y phase and a RE.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.5 phase of 20 .mu.m or less in diameter dispersed in the REBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y phase, in which superconducting material RE consists of at least two elements selected from Y, Cl, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. Said oxide superconducting material can be produced by melt processing.

Abstract: A method of processing polycrystalline material to achieve at least uniaxial crystal alignment utilizing the anisotropy of conductivity of the crystalline material. The polycrystalline material is provided in a fluid suspension or other malleable form. A non-static magnetic field is applied to the crystalline material. Eddy currents induced in the individual crystals as a result of the non-static magnetic field generate a magnetic moment in the individual crystals which aligns itself and thus the individual crystals parallel to the applied non-static magnetic field, thus producing in-plane alignment of the crystals. Further processing including multi-axis crystal alignment is also disclosed utilizing the same procedure.

Abstract: A superconducting material and a process for producing a superconducting material comprising a compound oxide represented by the general formula:(Ba, .gamma.).sub.x (.alpha.,.beta.).sub.1 -.sub.x .epsilon..sub.y Cu.sub.1-y O.sub.3 -zin which".gamma." represents an element of the IIa group of the periodic table except Ba, an atomic ratio of .gamma. to Ba, being selected in a range between 1% and 90%,".alpha.represents Y or La,".beta." represents an element of the IIIa group of the periodic table but is different from .alpha., an atomic ratio of .beta. to .alpha. being selected in a range between 1 and 90%,".epsilon." represents a metal element of the IIIb group of the periodic table,x, y and z are numbers each satisfies ranges of O.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, O.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1, and O.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1 respectively, andthe expression of (Ba, .gamma.) and (.alpha., .beta.) mean that the respective elements occupy predetermined sites in a crystal in a predetermined proportion.

Abstract: A process for preparing a superconducting, ceramic material with an increased critical current is described. In this process, the materials used to form the superconducting material are mixed with at least one inorganic salt, and the mixture containing the salt is then heat treated. The salt is then leached from the heat-treated mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composition having the general formula REBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.4 O.sub.y where RE is a rare earth element such as dysprosium and including yttrium and the subscript "y" is about 8.0. The process utilizes nitric acid among the starting components to provide control over stoichiometry and minimize contamination. The present invention is also directed to a process of preparing a high purity superconductor utilizing the composition thus prepared. This process permits the superconductor to be prepared in a short time and at low sintering temperatures.

Abstract: Electrically conductive halide doped tin-IV-oxide is disclosed which contains divalent tin in an amount not exceeding 2% by weight and also contains 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, of halide.Methods for producing the tin-IV-oxide are also disclosed. The product is suitable for imparting electric conductivity in the form of a filler or pigment to a variety of products such as plastics, lacquer, varnish, paint, paper, textiles and toners, without discoloration of the products.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula Bi.sub.1 Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.n-1 Cu.sub.n O.sub.

Abstract: Compositions having the formula Tl.sub.1-x Bi.sub.x Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.9 wherein x is from about 3/20 to about 11/20 are superconducting with transition temperatures above 110 K. Processes for making and using the compositions of the invention are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a layered copper oxide as an insulator for superconductor or as a superconductor, which has a chemical composition represented by the formula of (R,Ce).sub.3 Sr.sub.2 Cu.sub.2 (M,Cu)O.sub.11, wherein R is a rare earth element other than Ce and M is one or both of Pb and T1, and has a crystal structure comprising a (M,Cu)Sr.sub.2 (R,Ce)Cu.sub.2 O.sub.7 ; unit of a TlBa.sub.2 CaCu.sub.2 O.sub.7 (1-2-1-2)-type structure and a [(R,Ce)O.sub.2 ].sub.2 unit of a fluorite-type structure alternately put on each other, or a chemical composition represented by the formula of (R,Ce).sub.3 Sr.sub.2 Cu.sub.2 (M,Cu)O.sub.10+z, wherein R is a rare earth element other than Ce, M is one or both of Pb or Tl, and has a crystal structure comprising a (R,Ce)Sr.sub.2 Cu.sub.2 (Cu,M)O.sub.6+z unit of a YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.3 O.sub.6+.delta. -type structure and a [(R,Ce)O.sub.2 ].sub.2 unit of a fluorite-type structure alternately put on each other, wherein z is in the range of 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.

Abstract: A ceramic oxide superconductive composite material comprising a ceramic oxide superconductor and a non-superconductive material comprising at least one element which does not react with any of the elements of the ceramic oxide superconductor has improved superconductive properties such as a higher critical temperature and a larger critical current density.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxide superconductor comprising an oxide of RE, Ba and Cu, which consists of a superconductor having a texture wherein the crystal directions of the 123 phase in the matrix are uniform, large angle grain boundaries having an directional difference larger than 20.degree. are not present and the 211 phase is finely dispersed, or an aggregate thereof, wherein the superconductor is formed into a plate or wire and the c-axis of the crystal of the formed body is uniform within .+-.30.degree. to the normal of the plate face of the formed body or in the range of from 60.degree. to 120.degree. to said normal. Also disclosed is a process for the preparation of an oxide superconductor as set forth above, which comprises inserting a formed body as mentioned above to a heating furnace and moving a region of a temperature at which grains are formed in the 123 phase of the matrix of the formed body, i.e., through a region having a temperature of from 1050.degree. to 910.degree. C.

Abstract: A superconductive ceramic wire material composed of rare earth elements, alkali earth metals, copper, and oxygen, which is obtained by mixing a powder containing oxides of the component elements of the superconductive ceramic with a solution containing organic compounds of the component elements, forming the mixture into a wire, and firing the wire in a temperature range from 850.degree. to 949.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high temperature superconductor system comprising XTlSrCaCuO wherein X is chosen from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, and W. In a preferred embodiment, the superconductor comprises CrTlSrCaCuO. Methods of making the superconductor system are also provided.

Abstract: A high temperature superconducting system has the general composition Tl-R-X-Y, wherein: R is a Group 2A element; X is a Group 1B element; and Y is a Group 6A element. Preferably, the composition has the following formula Tl-Ba-Cu-O. The high temperature superconductor of the present invention has a transition temperature of about 90 K with the probability of one phase superconducting at a temperature perhaps as high as 270 K. Processes for making the high temperature superconductor are also provided.