Abstract: A process for preparing hydrocarbons from an oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstock, such as animal fat, having a high nitrogen impurity is described. Hydrotreatment of the oxygenated feedstock occurs in a first hydrotreating bed arranged downstream of a polishing bed. A gaseous phase is removed and the liquid hydrotreated phase is fed to the polishing bed arranged upstream of the first hydrotreating bed together with fresh hydrogen. The process effectively removes nitrogen impurities from the resultant hydrocarbon product causing an improved cloud point after isomerisation, and the arrangement makes efficient use of fresh hydrogen for polishing, providing a polished hydrocarbon product rich in dissolved hydrogen. Part of the product can be used as hydrocarbon diluent in the downstream hydrotreating bed, and/or withdrawn between the polishing and hydrotreating bed and isomerised in an isomerisation reactor.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed stream may be processed by a method that may include catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon feed stream in a counter-current reactor to produce a first effluent stream, and processing a portion or all of the first effluent stream by at least one or more separations. The at least one or more separations may form at least a second effluent stream including at least 95 wt. % C4-C6 hydrocarbons, and a third effluent stream including at least 95 wt. % of ethane, propane, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method may further include catalytically cracking a portion or all of the second effluent stream in a second reactor to form a second reactor effluent stream, combining a portion of all of the second reactor effluent stream with the first effluent stream, steam cracking a portion or all of the third effluent stream to form a steam cracked effluent stream, and combining a portion or all of the steam cracked effluent stream with the first effluent.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst for producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon-based gas, the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst containing a complex oxide having a perovskite structure including at least Ba, Zr, and Ru; and a hydrocarbon reforming apparatus that includes the hydrocarbon-reforming catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a hydrocarbon feedstock 11 with a sulfur content of at least 0.1 weight %, an initial boiling point of at least 180° C. and a final boiling point of at least 600° C.

Abstract: An atomizer for use in a water treatment system includes an influent inlet, to receive a flow of fluid containing contaminants a gas flow inlet, to receive a flow of gas to be mixed with the fluid in a mixing zone, an airflow controlling component, including an array of vanes disposed between the gas flow inlet and the mixing zone to impart a rotational component to a direction of flow of the gas. A channel receives the flow of fluid containing contaminants, and conducts the flow of fluid containing contaminants to the mixing zone, wherein radially outwardly flowing fluid containing contaminants is mixed with radially inwardly flowing gas to atomize the fluid containing contaminants, and an outlet.

Abstract: Aqueous treatment compositions for crude oil and/or petroleum distillates to remove sulfur compounds therefrom and treatment methods using such compositions are disclosed. The composition has less than 0.5% wt/wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound, a strong base, less than 1% wt/wt divalent metal gluconate, a balance of water, and a pH that is 9 or greater. The treatment method includes adding said treatment composition to crude oil or a petroleum distillate to form a mixture having 0.001% to 0.02% wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound/wt oil and 0.001% to 0.03% wt divalent metal gluconate/wt oil and mixing the same together.

Abstract: An atmospheric-vacuum heat exchange system with a winding-tube heat exchanger, has a first and second heat exchanging group; a primary distillation tower (4) or flash tower; an atmospheric furnace (5); an atmospheric tower (6); a vacuum furnace (7) and a vacuum tower (8); each winding-tube heat exchanger has a shell-pass cylinder (370), a first and second shell-pass connecting tube (371,372), a first and second tube plate (330,340), a plurality of first and second tube box (310,320), a plurality of heat exchange tubes (360) spirally wounded with multiple spiral tube layers; the number of the first and second tube box (310, 320) are respectively N, and each spiral tube layer has N group(s) of the wounded heat exchange tubes (360), N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1. The loss of heat exchanger is reduced.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to systems, methods, and processes for catalytic hydrocarbon reformation.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking unit fractionator comprising a fractionator column having a slurry pumparound section and a bottom liquid section. The slurry pumparound section comprises an upper bed and a lower bed each disposed in the fractionator column. The slurry pumparound section further comprises an upper liquid distributor (such as a spray header comprising a plurality of upper nozzles) disposed above the upper bed and configured to distribute liquid from the bottom liquid section onto the upper bed. The slurry pumparound section also comprises a lower liquid distributor (such as a spray header comprising a plurality of lower nozzles) disposed below the upper bed and above the lower bed and configured to distribute liquid from the bottom liquid section onto the lower bed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to demulsifying polymers of Formula (I): demulsifier compositions containing the compound of Formula (I), and methods of using the polymers and compositions for separating water-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for transforming a high sulfur ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process that produces a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that can be used as a feedstock for subsequent refinery process such as anode grade coking, needle coking and fluid catalytic cracking. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil exhibits multiple properties desirable as a feedstock for those processes including a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for reducing coke and coke precursor formation in supercritical water may include producing a supercritical water stream by heating and pressurizing a feed water, mixing the supercritical water stream with heated pressurized feed oil in a mixing device, to create a combined feed stream, feeding the combined feed stream into a supercritical water reactor to produce an upgraded product producing a cooled depressurized upgraded product, separating the cool depressurized product in a fractionator into a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a hydrocarbon vapor stream, condensing the hydrocarbon vapor stream with a cooling device to produce a light hydrocarbon water mixture and a separate gas product, recycling the light hydrocarbon mixture to mix with the feed water upstream of the supercritical reactor.

Abstract: Assemblies and methods to enhance control of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processing assembly associated with a refining operation, may include supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to one or more first processing units associated with the refining operation. The assemblies and methods also may include conditioning a hydrocarbon feedstock and unit material samples, and analyzing the samples via one or more spectroscopic analyzers. The assemblies and methods further may include prescriptively controlling, via one or more FCC process controllers based at least in part on the hydrocarbon feedstock properties and the unit material properties, the FCC processing assembly, so that the prescriptively controlling results in enhancing accuracy of target content of materials produced by the FCC processing assembly, thereby to more responsively control the FCC processing assembly to achieve material outputs that more accurately and responsively converge on target properties.

Abstract: Assemblies and methods to enhance hydrotreating and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes associated with a refining operation, during the processes, may include supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to a cat feed hydrotreater (CFH) processing unit to produce CFH unit materials. The assemblies and methods also may include conditioning material samples, and analyzing the samples via one or more spectroscopic analyzers. The assemblies and methods further may include prescriptively controlling, via one or more FCC process controllers, based at least in part on the material properties, a FCC processing assembly, so that the prescriptively controlling results in causing the processes to produce CFH materials, intermediate materials, the unit materials, and/or the downstream materials having properties within selected ranges of target properties, thereby to cause the processes to achieve material outputs that more accurately and responsively converge on one or more of the target properties.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a petroleum feedstock involves: (a) hydrocracking the feedstock to obtain a hydrocracked effluent; (b) liquid/gas separation of the effluent to obtain a gaseous effluent and a liquid effluent; (c) fractionating the liquid effluent at a pressure P1, producing a first distillate and a first residue, (d) recycling a first portion of the first residue to hydrocracking, (e) rectifying a second portion of the first residue at a pressure P2 lower than or equal to the pressure P1, to obtain a secondary distillate, a secondary residue and a vapor stream, (f) purging a portion of the secondary residue, and (g) recycling all or part of the secondary distillate to hydrocracking.

Abstract: A coke catching apparatus for use in hydrocarbon cracking to assist in the removal of coke and the prevention of coke build up in high coking hydrocarbon processing units. The apparatus includes a grid device for preventing large pieces of coke from entering the outlet of the process refining equipment while allowing small pieces of coke to pass through and be disposed of. The coke catching apparatus can be easily disassembled to be removed from the refining process equipment and cleaned.

Abstract: The present disclosure refers in one embodiment to processes for making and transporting clean hydrogen fuel. The processes may involve hydrotreating, hydrocracking, or both hydrotreating and hydrocracking an aromatic feedstock under conditions to obtain a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is hydrogenated to obtain a hydrogen-rich fuel that is transported to a dehydrogenation facility that may also be at or near a hydrogen station. The hydrogen-rich fuel is used to obtain hydrogen and a second liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

Abstract: A system for purifying petroleum or oil shale is provided. The system includes a pressurized cracking tank configured to receive petroleum or crushed oil shale; and a rotary kiln configured to receive product from the pressurized cracking tank. A method of processing petroleum or oil shale is also provided. The method includes feeding the petroleum or the oil shale into a pressurized cracking tank; heating the petroleum or the oil shale to withdraw oil vapors containing hydrocarbons; and feeding the petroleum or the oil shale from the pressurized cracking tank into a rotating kiln.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a low pressure, low temperature process for the production of middle distillate products, including aviation fuel and diesel, from the hydrocracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, wherein a significant fraction of said mixture is C25+ hydrocarbons including hydrocarbons selected from Fischer-Tropsch wax, long chain paraffin and/or olefin, wherein the feedstock may include a water component.