Abstract: A method for forming filtration members using an electric potential to control the migration of electrically charged particles and hence to control the formation of a membrane layer on a substrate. In one embodiment, electrophoresis and electrodialysis processes are used to control the migration of sol particles and the deposition of the sol particles to provide a desired pore size associated with the membrane layer. In another embodiment, the substrate pores are impregnated with a reagent and, subsequently, electrophoresis and "reverse" electrophoresis processes are utilized to control the diffusion of ions in connection with the formation of the membrane layer.

Abstract: A graphite filament which has carbon as a basic structural unit and which have a tubular shape being formed with a helical structure with the carbon hexagons as a main structure and with an outer diameter of 30 nm or less. The tubular lattices a.sub.1 to a.sub.3 are a multiple structure and the interval between inner and outer adjacent tubules is about 0.34 nm, which is similar to the interval between basal planes of graphitic structure. The graphite filament is a new carbon filament material having a structure that is different from a normal graphite filament.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preferential glow discharge at the inside diameter (ID) of plastic tubing, particularly very small tubing.

Abstract: A nozzle for fast plating with plating solution jetting and sucking functions includes an outer cylindrical member and an inner cylindrical member, a plating solution issuing passage being defined between the outer and inner cylindrical members, and the inner space in the inner cylindrical member constituting a plating solution sucking passage. The inner cylindrical member has a front end flared portion having a forwardly flared surface acting to diffuse the solution. The outer cylindrical member has a front open end defining a gap with respect to the flared surface, the gap constituting a jetting port of the plating solution jetting passage. Plating solution supplied from a supply opening of the plating solution jetting passage is jetted from the jetting port toward a workpiece to be plated, the jetted plating solution is discharged from a rear end discharge opening of the plating solution sucking passage.

Abstract: The present invention provides for electrode assemblies and methods in which electron transfer between a redox reaction product and an electrically conductive electrode material is facilitated by a metallo macrocyclic compound, preferably a metallo isoindole ringed compound and more preferably a ferro isoindole ringed compound. The redox reaction is usually catalysized by a redox enzyme, such as an oxidase.

Abstract: The burning of material, including fuel and/or waste products, is performed ithin an incineration chamber heated above room-temperature while being supplied with high-power microwave radiation under conditions generating a plasma through which oxidation is enhanced to eliminate contaminants from the gaseous emission discharged from the incineration chamber.

Abstract: An electrode composition for use as an electrode in a non-aqueous battery system. The electrode composition contains an electrically active powder in a solid polymer and, as a dispersant, a C.sub.8 -C.sub.15 alkyl capped oligomer of a hexanoic acid that is electrochemically inert at 2.5-4.5 volts.

Abstract: A process of controlling an ionic electrodeposition coating system is provided for a applying coating solution, which contains a solubilizer and ionic coating particles, to an object. A first flushable, tubular electrode is placed into the tank that is electrically charged and that is accessible by the solution through a correspondingly charged membrane. A second flushable, tubular electrode is also placed into the tank that is electrically charged corresponding to the first electrode and that is accessible by the solution through an oppositely charged membrane. The object to be coated is then supplied with an electrical charge, and the electrodes are supplied with an opposite electrical charge. The application of electrical current causes a portion of the ionic coating particles to be attracted to and deposited upon the object, and also causes a release of excess cations and anions.

Abstract: Ionic liquids having improved properties for application in non-aqueous batteries, electrochemical capacitors, electroplating, catalysis and chemical separations are disclosed. Exemplary compounds have one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are either H; F; separate alkyl groups of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, respectively, or joined together to constitute a unitary alkylene radical of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms forming a ring structure converging on N; or separate phenyl groups; and wherein the alkyl groups, alkylene radicals or phenyl groups may be substituted with electron withdrawing groups, preferably F--, Cl--, CF.sub.3 --, SF.sub.5 --, CF.sub.3 S--, (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CHS-- or (CF.sub.3).sub.3 CS--; and X.sup.- is a non-Lewis acid-containing polyatomic anion having a van der Waals volume exceeding 100 .ANG..sup.3.

Abstract: A gas mixture having a preselected concentration of nitric oxide, usable in inhalation therapy for example, is produced by controllably establishing the coulometric reduction of copper ions in a solution of nitric acid accompanied by purging the chamber in which the reduction reaction occurs with an inert gas. A free-standing, portable NO generator for use in the production of such a gas mixture is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrogalvanizing process, in which a strip is moved past an anode, plating solution is made to flow at a speed V with respect to the moving strip, and an electric current of current density J greater than 50 A/dm.sup.2 is passed between the strip and the anode, which comprises carrying out the deposition under conditions such that:J/J.sub.lim is less than or equal to 0.15;J.sup.2 /J.sub.lim is less than or equal to 22 A/dm.sup.2 ;where J.sub.lim is the limiting current density, corresponding to the current density plateau in the current versus potential curve characteristic of the plating solution flowing at the speed V in the vicinity of the strip. An electroplating cell of the radial type for implementing the process, in which cell the anode bed is continuous, is disclosed. The process facilitates the high-speed deposition of zinc which has low rugosity and is free of edge dendrites.

Abstract: An indoor air pollutant destruction apparatus destroys pollutants by a corona discharge that is generated by a rapidly oscillating electric field. Free electrons generated by the corona discharge produces ozone (O.sub.3), which effectively destroys volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biological forms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and spores. Fine particulate materials such as smoke and dust are charged by the corona discharge, and when they pass through the rapidly oscillating electric field, they coagulate to form larger particles which are then filtered out.

Abstract: There is provided a method of, and an apparatus for obtaining electrolytically activated water having stable characteristics comprising steps of bringing a gas containing at least one of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide into contact with a liquid in an anode cell of an electrolytic cell or a liquid supplied thereto and/or bringing ammonia into contact with a liquid in a cathode cell of the electrolytic cell, or a liquid supplied thereto to dissolve the gas to thereby electrolyze this liquid. The resulting electrolytically activated water is optimal as the wet treating solution adapted for semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Photoelectrochemical etching of p-InP in various nitric acid solutions demonstrates that the semiconductor undergoes etching with favorable etch rates in the negative potential region. The etch rate increases with decreasing potentials to -1.0 V and exhibits a slight decrease with lower potentials. Etch rates exhibit a linear relation with relative light intensity. The values of etch rate for p-InP polarized at -1.0 V vary from 0.07 to 1.24 .mu.m/min. for HNO.sub.3 solutions with concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 M. Etch rates determined in the 4 M acid range were reproducible within 4%. With acid concentrations greater than 5 M, the etch rates were observed to be inconsistent. XPS studies indicated that these inconsistencies are probably due to the formation of organic nitrogen compounds on the surface of p-InP.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cationic electrodepositable coating composition comprising:?I! a polyurethane-modified epoxy resin-amine adduct obtained by a reaction of:(A) a polyurethane compound having one terminal isocyanate group in the molecule, obtained by a reaction of (a) a polyhydroxy compound having a number-average molecular weight of 50-8,000, (b) a polyisocyanate compound, and (c) a compound having one active hydrogen atom in the molecule,(B) a bisphenol type epoxy resin having at least two epoxy groups in the molecule, and(C) an active-hydrogen-containing amine compound, and ?II! a nonionic film-forming resin.This composition can form a coating film having excellent weathering resistance and corrosion resistance and, when used in combination with an aqueous base coating and a powder coating (a top coat), can provide a coating system which is simple to apply, which can give a coating film very superior in appearance, corrosion resistance, weathering resistance, chipping resistance, etc.

Abstract: A micromachined structure for handling fluids with an applied high voltage, i.e. for electrophoresis, includes a glass or other highly insulative substrate on which are formed very small diameter capillary channels of e.g. silicon nitride. Due to the absence of a silicon substrate, this structure is highly electrically insulative. The silicon nitride channels are formed by a micro-machining and etch process, so that they are initially defined in an etched sacrificial silicon wafer by conformal coating of etched features in the silicon wafer with a silicon nitride layer, which is then patterned to define the desired channels. The silicon wafer is bonded to the glass substrate and the bulk of the silicon wafer is sacrificially etched away, leaving the desired silicon nitride channels with supporting silicon mesas. The remaining silicon nitride "shell" is bonded to the glass substrate and substantially duplicates the etched features in the original silicon wafer.

Abstract: Several methods for manufacturing field emission displays that operate using flat cone emitters are described. These methods are cost effective and relatively simple to implement. A key feature is the incorporation of chemical-mechanical polishing into the process. This allows the micro-cones, that would serve as cold cathodes in conventional structures, to be converted to flat cone emitters at the same time that the gate lines are being formed, the apexes of said flat cones being automatically located at the correct height relative to the gate lines.

Abstract: A material for electric contacts based on silver-tin oxide is obtained by mixing a powder of silver or an alloy mainly containing silver with a powder consisting mainly of tin oxide and 0.01 to 10 wt. % (in relation to the quantity of tin oxide) of an additive consisting of one or more compounds containing silver, oxygen and a metal from sub-groups II to VI of the periodic system and/or antimony, bismuth, germanium, indium and gallium, compacting the mixture and sintering it. The tin oxide may be replaced by zinc oxide.

Abstract: A colored anodic coating for use on surfaces of substrates, e.g. aluminum substrates in which it is desirable to maintain a high solar absorptance (a) and a high infrared emittance (e), particularly in low earth orbit space environments. This anodic coating is preferably a dark colored coating, and even more preferably a black coating. This coating allows a touch temperature within an acceptable design range to preclude burning of an astronaut in case of contact, but also allows a solar radiation absorption in an amount such that an a/e ratio of unity is achieved. The coating of the invention comprises a first layer in the form of an acid anodized colored anodic layer for achieving a high solar absorptance and a second or high emittance layer in the form of a clear acid anodized layer for achieving a high emittance. The entire coating is quite thin, e.g. 1-2 mils and is quite stable in a hostile space environment of the type encountered in a low earth orbit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing copolymers having magnetic properties, the method comprising a first step of copolymerization, by oxidation in an acid medium, of a first monomer selected from aniline, possibly substituted aniline, and the corresponding iminoquinone forms, and of a second monomer selected from substituted aminoaromatic compounds, wherein the first step comprises: an induction stage during which the first monomer is put into the presence of at least one oxidizing agent and at least one initiating agent; and a production stage during which, after the second monomer has been added, at least one oxidizing agent and at least one initiating agent are added progressively.