Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making aryldichlorophosphanes of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 being identical or different each stand for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, an aryl group of an aryloxy group by reacting an arene of the general formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 have the meanings given above, with at least 4 mols phosphorus (III) chloride per mol arene in the presence of aluminum chloride, boiling the mixture over a period of several hours and subsequently precipitating the aluminum chloride by adding a complexing agent, filtering and distillatively working up the filtrate. More particularly, the disclosure provides for 0.05 to 0.9 mol aluminum chloride to be used per mol arene and for 1-3 mols finely ground alkali metal chloride to be used as the complexing agent per mol aluminum chloride.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making chlorophosphanes from primary or secondary phosphanes, or phosphinic acid chlorides or thiophosphinic acid chlorides from secondary phosphane oxides or sulfides, wherein the respective starting materials are reacted with hexachloroethane at temperatures of 20.degree. to 180.degree. C. The disclosure also provides as a novel chemical substance an isomeric mixture consisting of 9-Cl-9-phosphabicyclononane [3.3.1] and 9-Cl-9-phosphabicyclononane [4.2.1].

Abstract: Acetic anhydride is prepared by reacting, at elevated temperature, methyl acetate or dimethyl ether with carbon monoxide in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst which comprises: (1) cobalt, (2) a compound containing at least one quaternary nitrogen or phosphorus atom and (3) a source of iodide or bromide wherein the atomic ratio of iodide or bromide to cobalt is from 0.5:1 to 5:1. The compound containing at least one quaternary nitrogen or phosphorus atom can optionally be generated in situ by a quaternization reaction.

Abstract: In a process for the production of guanidine nitrate from urea and ammonium nitrate, in the presence of SiO.sub.2 catalyst under increased temperature whereby the initial mixture of urea and ammonium nitrate contains an excess of ammonium nitrate which is kept practically constant up to the conversion of the total urea portion during the operation up to the final phase, the catalyst is removed by filtration. It is slurried up several times by means of molten ammonium nitrate or a mixture of ammonium nitrate/urea at 135.degree.-200.degree. C. together with the adherent components like ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate and by-products like triazenes. Hereby the components adherent to the catalyst are replaced and removed by subsequent filtration.

Abstract: N-(3-Dialkylamino-2-propenylidene)-N-alkylalkanaminium salts substituted in the 2-position with an ether or thioether and having the formula ##STR1## are active as hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: Alkyl perfluoro-.omega.-(2-iodoethoxy) compounds, vinyl ethers made therefrom, and a process for preparing the iodo-compounds. The vinyl ether monomers when copolymerized with halogenated 1-olefins are useful to form elastomers, rigid articles, or membranes and films having ion-exchange properties.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making acetic anhydride by reacting methyl acetate and/or dimethylether with carbon monoxide, which may be used in admixture with up to 30 volume % hydrogen, under practically anhydrous conditions at temperatures of 390.degree. to 540.degree. K., under pressures of 1 to 300 bars in the presence of a catalyst system containing nickel or nickel compounds, iodine and/or its compounds as well as a tertiary or quaternary organic nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony compound. More particularly a catalyst system is used which contains vanadium or niobium or a compound thereof as an additional constituent.

Abstract: In the process for making alkyl methacrylates from acetone cyanohydrin and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, it has been found that alkyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propionate made during the process can be collected and returned to the process sequence just prior to the esterification step where it can be dehydrated to alkyl methacrylate.

Abstract: Acyloxyalkadienoates of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical, and R.sup.1 may furthermore be R.sup.6 --O--CO--, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical, but may only be hydrogen if x is 0, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, or is ##STR2## if x is 0, and x is 0 or 1, and their preparation.

Abstract: 4-Pentenoates are prepared by isomerization of isomeric pentenoates in the presence of a catalyst, by a process in which isomeric pentenoates are treated at elevated temperatures with an acidic ion exchanger or acidic zeolite which contains a noble metal of group eight of the periodic table, and the 4-pentenoate is distilled off from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of terephthaloyl and isophthaloyl dichlorides by chlorination of dimethyl terephthalate and isophthalate with chlorine gas at temperatures from 100.degree.-250.degree. C., optionally in the presence of light and/or catalysts promoting side-chain chlorination of aromatic compounds, according to which 20 to 200% by weight, relative to the weight of dimethyl terephthalate and/or isophthalate, of terephthaloyl and/or isophthaloyl dichloride are added to the dimethyl terephthalate and/or isophthalate for the chlorination.

Abstract: Chlorophenylphosphanes of the formula(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.n PCl.sub.3-nin which n=1 or 2, are prepared by reacting triphenylphosphane, (C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.3 P, with phosphorus trichloride, PCl.sub.3, at temperatures between about 320.degree. and 700.degree. C.; in the temperature range between about 320.degree. and 500.degree. C. the reaction is preferably carried out under elevated pressure, in particular under autogenous pressure, while in the temperature range between about 500.degree. and 700.degree. C. atmospheric pressure is preferably used. The composition of the final product can be controlled by the choice of the molar ratio of the starting materials.The final products dichlorophenylphosphane and chlorodiphenylphosphane are mainly intermediates in various fields, such as, for example, the crop protection and the polymer sectors.

Abstract: Chlorodiphenylphosphane is prepared by reacting dichlorophenylphosphane with triphenylphosphane at temperatures between about 300.degree. and 700.degree. C. In the temperature range from about 300.degree. to 500.degree. C., this reaction is preferably carried out under elevated pressure, in particular under the autogenous pressure which becomes established in a sealed system, while atmospheric pressure is preferably used in the temperature range from about 500.degree. to 700.degree. C.The reaction product chlorodiphenylphosphane is in the main an intermediate in various fields, such as, for example, the polymer sector.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous solutions of quaternization products of tertiary aminoalkyl esters or tertiary aminoalkylamides of acrylic or methacrylic acid are prepared by reaction of the corresponding esters or amides with an alkylating agent in a water-soluble ketone as solvent, by a process wherein, in order to isolate the quaternization product, an amount of water is added to the reaction mixture such that two phases form, and the lower aqueous phase, which contains the quaternization product in solution, is separated from the upper phase, which contains the ketone and residual alkylating agent.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic anhydride is disclosed which comprises reacting methyl acetate with carbon monoxide at an elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of an iodine-free catalyst system wherein the catalyst consists of ruthenium compound, quaternary phosphonium salt and cobalt-compound. A further embodiment comprises recycling product acetic anhydride with methanol to produce acetic acid.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making methyldichlorophosphane by reacting methane with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of 2 to 7 mol % carbon tetrachloride, based on the phosphorus trichloride used, at temperatures of 500.degree. to 650.degree. C. and over a period of time of 0.1 to 0.9 second. More particularly, the reaction is effected under a pressure of 2 to 10 bars, the proportion of carbon tetrachloride added being reduced at increasing pressure.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making acetic anhydride wherein methyl acetate and/or dimethylether (is) are reacted with carbon monoxide under practically anhydrous conditions at temperatures of 390.degree. to 540.degree. K., under pressures of 1 to 300 bars in the presence of a catalyst system comprised of noble metals belonging to group VIII of the Periodic System of the elements or their compounds, iodine and/or its compounds and a tertiary or quaternary organic nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony compound. More particularly, use is made of a catalyst system containing vanadium or niobium or their compounds as additional constituents, the catalyst system being used in combination with reaction gas containing carbon monoxide and 5 to 30 volume % hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carboxylic ester by reacting an aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of oxygen with a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst is a solid catalyst comprising palladium and bismuth, which may form an intermetallic compound, and which catalyst may comprise an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound. The aforesaid catalyst avoids decomposition reactions simultaneously with the desired reaction, and therefore, the desired compound can be obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkynyl, R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, which contains 2, 3 or 4 of the hetero-atoms O and/or S and/or the groups --SO-- and/or --SO.sub.2 -- in any desired position and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, cyano, methyl or --COOR.sup.5, where R.sup.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, and salts of these compounds are used for controlling undesirable plant growth.

Abstract: 1-Formyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-ene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R is --H or --CH.sub.3 and A is O or NOH are prepared by nitrosylating the corresponding 1-formyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-ene or -cyclohex-2-ene and, where appropriate, hydrolyzing the resulting oxime (where A is NOH) to the corresponding ketone (where A is O).The compounds I, except where R is H and A is O, are novel.