Abstract: Lower-.omega.-alkenoyloxy-long chain alkanoic anhydrides are synthesized from the .omega.-hydroxyalkanoic acids and are condensed with glycerophosphatidyl cholines to prepare alkenoyloxyalkanoic esters of glycerophosphatidyl cholines. These are used to make vesicles which are then polymerized in situ. These vesicles show improved stability and the rate of leakage of entrapped active ingredients such as drugs can be controlled. They are also used to form a hydrophyllic monolayer on polyethylene.

Abstract: 4-Substituted but-3-ene-1-carboxylic acids and their esters R.sup.1 R.sup.2 C.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --CO--O--R.sup.3 (I, where R.sup.1 is an organic radical, R.sup.2 is H or R.sup.1, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a 5-membered to 20-membered ring, and R.sup.3 is H or lower alkyl) are prepared by carbonylation of R.sup.1 R.sup.2 C(OH)--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (II) in the presence of an alcohol R.sup.3' --OH (III, where R.sup.3' is lower alkyl) or, for the preparation of the acids I alone, in the absence of an alcohol III, at from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and under from 200 to 700 bar, using a complex of a palladium halide and a tertiary organic phosphine.

Abstract: Fluoroalkyl containing acrylate and methacrylate monomer derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl or omega-hydroperfluoroalkyl;R.sub.1 is -alkylene--R.sub.4 -alkylene).sub.n, where n is 0 to 60, R.sub.4 is independently --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --NR.sup.1 --, --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.1 -- or --CONR.sup.1 -- where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of up to 6 carbon atoms and each "alkylene" contains up to 12 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy or halo;X is --O--, --S-- or --NR"-- wherein R" is hydrogen or lower alkyl;R.sub.2 is alkylene of up to 12 carbon atoms; andR.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl,their preparation and their use in the preparation of hydrophobic and oleophobic finishes are disclosed.

Abstract: 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid is prepared by the oxidation of bimesityl and derivatives of the dicarboxylic acid are used in the preparation of polyesters of high molecular weight.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or esters thereof are produced by reacting an aldehyde comprising formaldehyde or acetaldehyde with either a saturated carboxylic acid ester or anhydride in the vapor phase in the presence as catalyst of a high silica crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in which the cation is H.sup.+ and/or a transition metal and/or a rare earth metal. In a modification of the process instead of formaldehyde there is used methanol/molecular oxygen and in the catalyst there is included either an oxidative or an oxidative/dehydrogenative component.

Abstract: A process for producing a perfluoroacrylic acid ester represented by the general formula CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOOR where R is a monovalent organic substituent, which comprises pyrolyzing a monoester of perfluorosuccinyl fluoride represented by the general formula FOCCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 COOR where R is as defined above, in a vapor phase.

Abstract: Trifluoromethylbenzoyl chlorides or bromides are prepared by contacting trichloromethylbenzoyl chlorides or tribromomethylbenzoyl bromides with trifluoromethylbenzoyl fluorides in the presence of a halogen transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Polymerizable monomer compounds selected from the group having the formulae: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl;X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxyl, perfluoroalkylsulfonoxy of one to three carbon atoms, perfluoroacyloxy of one to three carbon atoms, benzoyloxy, or trichloroacetoxy;Y is trichloroacetyl, perfluoroacyl of the formula ##STR2## trialkylsilyl of the formula [CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.m ].sub.3 Si-- or hydrogen,wherein n is zero to six; and m is zero to three, with the proviso that when Y in Formula I or II is hydrogen, X is selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo in Formulas I and II, and additionally from hydroxyl in Formula I, are disclosed. Polymers and copolymers of the invention are useful for preparing hydrogel processed articles such as contact lenses, and when dissolved in solvents they can be coated onto articles and then hydrolyzed to provide hydrogel coatings.

Abstract: A process for the production of a crude dimethyl terephthalate suitable for hydrolyzing into a fiber grade terephthalic acid involves separating a crude ester obtained from the production of dimethyl terephthalate by the Witten process by vacuum distillation at elevated pressure in a three-column series arranged distillation system. In the first distillation column of the system the crude is separated into a methyl p-toluate-rich fraction as head product; in a second column of the series, into a fraction rich in methyl ester of terephthalaldehydic acid as head product; and in a third distillation column, a crude dimethyl terephthalate fraction. The crude dimethyl terephthalate fraction has a methyl ester of terephthalaldehydic acid content of 0.01-0.1% by weight as a head product.

Abstract: The oxime ethers of the formula I below are able to act as antidotes or safeners to protect cultivated plants from the phytotoxic effects of herbicides. Such cultivated plants are preferably sorghum, cereals, maize and rice, and herbicides are principally chloroacetanilides and thiocarbamates. The oxime ethers have the formula I ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylsulfonyl or nitro; each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of the other is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention is insecticidal diaminoguanidine hydrazone compounds which are also effective antifeeding agents for insects and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: A novel chemical, fluorochlorocyclopropane (I) of the following formula: ##STR1## is prepared by the addition of fluorochlorocarbene to the corresponding olefin (II) of the following formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 -R.sup.2The compound is a useful intermediate for synthesizing some chemicals, e.g., some cephalosporins.(wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, 1 to 8C alkylamino, alkoxy, or alkylthio andR.sup.2 is halogen, 1 to 8C alkylamino, alkoxy, or alkylthio).

Abstract: Alkyl esters of CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOOH can be prepared from CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFCF.sub.2 OSO.sub.2 F by addition of bromine, reaction with F.sup.- to give CF.sub.2 BrCFBrCOF, esterification, and removal of bromine with zinc dust.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a novel odorant and/or flavoring substance, namely, 2-methyl-2-buten-1-yl tiglate of the formula ##STR1## The invention is also concerned with a process for the manufacture of the compound of formula I, the compound of formula I as an odorant and/or flavoring substance and odorant and/or flavoring compositions containing the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Perfluoroether triazine elastomers having improved properties are prepared from oligomeric imidoylamidines that have, in turn, been prepared by the process of (a) reacting a perfluorodinitrile with liquid ammonia to yield a perfluorodiamidine, (b) isolating the perfluorodiamidine, (c) reacting the isolated diamidine with a perfluorodinitrile to yield a perfluoro(imidoylamidine) dinitrile, and then repeating steps (a), (b), and (c) to sequentially grow an oligomer of desired molecular size. The isolated amidine and nitrile intermediates are also disclosed. The elastomers can be fashioned into seals, gaskets, sealing components and the like.

Abstract: A naphthalene derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen and R.sup.2 is lower alkyl or phenyl-lower alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are combined together to form lower alkylene; X is halogen; and the absolute configuration at the asymmetric carbon atom shown by the asterisk is either (S)- or (R)-configuration, and a method of preparation thereof are disclosed. Said naphthalene derivative is useful as a chiral reagent for determining the optical purity of an optically active compound containing within its molecule at least one functional group selected from hydroxy, amino and imino groups.

Abstract: An isobutyric acid ester is oxidatively dehydrogenated in the vapor phase producing the corresponding methacrylic acid ester by contact with a heterogeneous catalyst, molecular oxygen and an amine. The catalyst may be any of a number of well known oxydehydrogenation catalysts.

Abstract: Dichloropinacolone is produced by introducing into pinacolone twice the molar amount of chlorine, the exothermic reaction mass being cooled initially to maintain the temperature below about 50.degree. C. until about 60 to 80% of the chlorine has been introduced, and then heating the reaction mass to a temperature above 50.degree. C. during introducing of the remainder of the chlorine, thereby to produce dichloropinacolone, and terminating chlorine introduction when the dichloropinacolone content of the reaction mass is at least about 97%. The molten product is added to an aqueous solution of an alkali maintained at a temperature of at least about 50.degree. C., the alkali being present in more than three times the molar amount of the dichloropinacolone. To the resulting solution of a salt of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-butyric acid, brought to a pH of about 9 to 12, there is added approximately the stoichiometric amount of potassium permanganate. Solid MnO.sub.

Abstract: Diphenylazomethines of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 --CHOH--C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --COOH, --CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --CONH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 OH or --CH.sub.2 --CHOH--COOH (in the form of the racemate or of an optically active isomer when the compound contains an asymmetric carbon) act on the central nervous system and find use as antidepressants and anticonvulsants.

Abstract: A process for the production of organic carboxylic anhydrides by the catalytic reaction of a methyl carboxylate and carbon monoxide in contact with a homogeneous catalyst system of rhodium metal atom, a phosphorus-containing ligand in which there is present at least one oxo (.dbd.O) oxygen atom attached to a phosphorus atom or a carbon atom to form a Z group and the ##STR1## group in said Z group is located at least one carbon atom removed and preferably from 2-4 carbon atoms removed from the phosphorus atom of the molecules represented by the formulas ##STR2## and a halogen source, under mild reaction conditions, wherein R' is aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or alkyl, and wherein 1 or more of said R' groups can be substituted with a Z group but not more than 3 of said R' groups in the molecule are so substituted; a is an integer from 0-4; b is an integer from 0-3; and Z is P(O)R'R'; --C(O)OR" or C(O)R", wherein R" is R' or --H.