Abstract: A process for forming a mat (14) of metal fibers (2) which can be used to hold ceramic material onto the surface of equipment to be protected from heat and corrosion, including the steps of mixing a plurality of metal fibers (2) with polybutene (8) and a finely-divided brazing material (10). This mixture is spread onto a support member (4) having an insulating coating (6) thereon to prevent the fibers from becoming brazed to the support member. The support member containing the fibers thereon is then subjected to a brazing temperature (12), brazing the fibers together to form a loose mat. The mat is then removed from the support member, and reduced (16) in thickness into a more dense mat of fibers. The dense mat (14) is then again subjected to a brazing temperature (18), to form a final product having unusual strength qualities.

Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation is the wavelength range between 150 and 300 nanometers, which both generates ozone (O.sub.3) and has a germicidal effect both in ambient air and in a pure oxygen atmosphere, is performed in a highly energy-efficient manner, by utilizing a low-voltage, low-pressure gas discharge lamp, by using a radiation-transparent quartz tube, by equipping it with a long-lasting sintered electrode pair and filling it with a mixture of gas vapor and mercury vapor, by disposing a circuit device between the mains and the gas discharge tube which rectifies the mains alternating current and effects smoothing voltage multiplication, and by coupling this circuit device with an automatic, dry-switching commutator device for the direct current of the gas discharge lamp, in order in principle to avoid a mercury-vapor dissociation (cataphoresis) which would reduce the effectiveness of the radiation.

Abstract: A highly wear-resistant sintered ferrous alloy which consists essentially of 2.0-8.0% of Cr, 0.1-1.0% of B, 1.0-2.5% of Si, 0.3-1.2% of Mn, 1.2-3.8% of C, by weight, and the balance of Fe. The alloy is produced by compacting and sintering a powder mixture, which is preferably prepared by mixing 75-90 parts by weight of a cast iron powder with 25-10 parts by weight of a Fe--Cr--B--Si alloy powder.

Abstract: In the method according to the invention, Cr powder is poured into a degased mold, which can be made of graphite. On this Cr powder a piece of low-oxygen copper is placed. Subsequently, the mold is closed with a porous cover, which can also be made of graphite. Then the mold is degased in a high-vacuum furnace at room temperature until a pressure of better than 10.sup.-4 mb is reached. Thereafter, the furnace temperature is increased to as high as possible a temperature below the melting point of copper. This furnace temperature is maintained constant until an internal pressure in the furnace of better than 10.sup.-4 mb is reached. Subsequently, without intermediate cooling, the furnace temperature is further increased slowly to a final value of 100 degrees K. to 200 degrees K. above the melting temperature of the copper. This temperature is then maintained until the porosity contained in the Cr powder is completely filled up by the liquid copper.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for separating nitration isomers of 1,3-disubstituted and 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene compounds. The separated isomers have a variety of uses including precursors for 2-haloacetanilide herbicides.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a high quality powdered alloy such as cemented carbides, cermets, ceramics and iron-containing sintered alloys by sintering, characterized in that the sintering is carried out in a plasma gas atmosphere of H.sub.2, N.sub.2, CO, He and/or Ar.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition used suitably as a solder resist for a printed circuit board which comprises:(a) 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % of a s-triazine compound represented by the general formula I: ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 stands for ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.2 stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a phenyl group and R.sup.3 stands for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group)];(b) 5 to 50 wt. % of a photopolymerizable oligomer which has an average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 4000 and has 2 or more of acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups in a molecule;(c) 5 to 50 wt. % of vinyl monomer having 1 or more of acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups which are liquid at 50.degree. C.;(d) 0.5 to 5 wt. % of a photo-initiator which acts to initiate a cross-linking reaction between said photopolymerizable oligomer and said vinyl monomer when subjected to activated radiation; and(e) 5 to 60 wt. % of an inorganic filler.

Abstract: An energy conversion element is disclosed which is capable of efficiently converting light and thermal energies into electrical energy. The element comprises a thermoelectric material and a photoelectric material which are different in type and joined together and is capable of efficiently converting solar energy incident on the junction between the both materials into electrical energy. The thermoelectric material is most suitably formed of a transition element-silicon compound.

Abstract: An iron silicide thermoelectric conversion element wherein a part of one of components of the silicide is substituted by oxygen atom to form either Si-O bond or Fe-O bond in a matrix of the compound to provide either p-type conductivity or n-type conductivity as desired.

Abstract: This invention relates to the determination of parameters for selecting materials for use as liners in shaped charges to transfer the greatest amount of energy to the explosive jet. Multi-layer liners constructed of metal in shaped charges for oil well perforators or other applications are selected in accordance with the invention to maximize the penetrating effect of the explosive jet by reference to four parameters: (1) Adjusting the explosive charge to liner mass ratio to achieve a balance between the amount of explosive used in a shaped charge and the areal density of the liner material; (2) Adjusting the ductility of each layer of a multi-layer liner to enhance the formation of a longer energy jet; (3) Buffering the intermediate layers of a multi-layer liner by varying the properties of each layer, e.g.

Abstract: Thermoelectric installation of the "heat pump" type, in which the thermoelements 1 and the exchangers 2 and 3 are stacked to form columns, these assembled to form a rack.The rows of exchangers 2 and 3 demarcate two conduits for the circulation of a hot fluid and a cold fluid. These conduits are situated outside the stacking axes of the columns, so that adjacent exchangers can turn in relation to each other. The thermoelements and the exchangers are in contact by at least one cylindrical or spherical profile surface.This assembly allows proper tightening of the columns and therefore good contact between exchanger and thermoelement without destruction of the thermoelements.

Abstract: A heterogenous powder comprising particles of tungsten grains with a diameter of less than 1 .mu.m with a binder sponge-like coating of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, silver, iron, cobalt, molybdenum and rhenium with a particle diameter of 10 to 50 .mu.m, a process for the preparation thereof, method of forming sintered elements therefrom and the elements produced thereby being useful as penetrating projectiles.

Abstract: An isentropic compressive wave generator and method of making same. The w generator comprises a disk or flat "pillow" member having component materials of different shock impedances formed in a configuration resulting in a smooth shock impedance gradient over the thickness thereof for interpositioning between an impactor member and a target specimen for producing a shock wave of a smooth predictable rise time. The method of making the pillow member comprises the reduction of the component materials to a powder form and forming the pillow member by sedimentation and compressive techniques.

Abstract: A thermoelectric device exhibiting both structural integrity and decreased stress across the device notwithstanding the application of thermally cycled temperature differentials thereacross includes, electrically interconnected thermoelectric elements and a rigidly affixed substrate. Thermal stress is relieved by using flexible conductors to interconnect the thermoelectric elements, and by the use of a flexile joint to attach a second substrate to the remainder of the device. Complete elimination of the second substrate may also be used to eliminate stress. Presence of the rigidly affixed substrate gives the device sufficient structural integrity to enable it to withstand rugged conditions.

Abstract: A cathode active material, which is especially useful as the cathode in a lithium high energy density nonaqueous cell operating on the principle of intercalation, has the general formula Li.sub.x M.sub.y M'.sub.z O.sub.2-n F.sub.n where M is selected from the group consisting of metallic ions having a valence of +1 other than lithium and metallic radicals having a valence of +1; M' is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Ni; x is 0.01 to 0.99 and y is 0.99 to 0.01, respectively; z is 0.8 to 1.2; and n is zero to 0.1.

Abstract: A coated carbide insert has a cobalt enriched zone at one decarburized surface, and a thin TiN transition layer over this surface. The cobalt enriched zone and the TiN layer cooperate to support additional thicker layers of hard wear resistant material such as TiC, TiN, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A method is provided for denitrifying the aqueous spent acid of mononitration. The nitric acid in the aqueous spent acid is recovered by adiabatically reacting greater than a stoichiometric amount of a mononitroaromatic hydrocarbon with the aqueous spent acid which has been fortified to a nitric acid concentration of at least about 2 wt %. The denitrification method is useful in treating the aqueous spent acid phase from the mononitration stage of a dinitrotoluene process.

Abstract: Nitration of organic compounds and organic nitrogen compounds produced.Organic nitrogen compounds are formed in the vapor phase by organic radical formation by reaction of an organic compound with hydroxyl radicals derived from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen dioxide and the nitration of the organic radicals, suitably with nitrogen dioxide. The process may be conducted as a single stage process using an excess of nitrogen dioxide over that required for hydroxyl radical formation. The production of hydroxyl radicals is maximized by the use of a catalytic solid surface such as a solid acid or an acidic oxide or mixed oxide. The product may be a mixture of some or all of the nitrite, nitrate and nitro-derivative which may be used as such, e.g. as a fuel additive, as a source of the individual compounds or as a feedstock for a further synthesis.

Abstract: The effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide for bleaching and disinfecting at ambient to hand hot temperatures can be enhanced by reaction with a peracid generator (activator), but the provision of storage stable concentrated aqueous liquid premixes of hydrogen peroxide and activator presents many problems arising from the physical and chemical properties of the components.The present invention provides aqueous acidic emulsions of hydrogen peroxide and enol esters, preferably at a pH of 2 to 5 and containing a slight excess of hydrogen peroxide over an equivalent mole ratio to enol ester activator of 1:1.The concentrations of the components of some preferred emulsions are selected in the ranges of 3 to 20% hydrogen peroxide, 30 to 85% water, 10 to 30% enol ester (%s by weight based upon the emulsion) and from 10 to 70% by weight based on the enol ester of emulsifiers.

Abstract: A process for mon-nitrating a plynuclear aromatic compound essentially in the absence of sulfuric acid and a solvent comprising adding nitric acid to a liquid aromatic compound wherein the molar ratio of nitric acid to the aromatic compound in from 0.75/1 ot 2/1 and the reaction temperature is from 50.degree. to 100.degree. C.