Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,2-dichloroethylene and optionally a C1-C3 alkanol. These compositions can be used especially as solvents for cleaning and defluxing electronic components and for degreasing metals.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes of hexamethyldisiloxane with certain alcohols, and the use of the binary azeotropes as environmentally friendly cleaning agents are disclosed. The alcohol component of the binary azeotrope is 3-methyl-3-pentanol C.sub.2 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3)(OH) C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; 2-pentanol CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(OH) CH.sub.3, or 1-methoxy-2-propanol CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)OH.

Abstract: The stability and softening performance of amidoamine fabric softeners, such as bis(hydrogenated tallow amidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl amine) is improved by protonating the amine with a neutralizing inorganic or organic acid and incorporating certain stabilizing emulsifiers, such as, N,N',N'-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane, dimethylhydrogenated tallow amine, methyl dihydrogenated tallow amine, and oleic imidazoline). Mixtures of bis(hydrogenated tallow amidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl amine and bis(tallow amidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl amine also provide improved softening and form stable aqueous dispersions. The compositions may be highly concentrated for use at low levels or for further dilution prior to use.

Abstract: To replace chlorofluorocarbons as refrigerant fluids, the invention proposes to employ mixtures containing, on a mass basis, approximately 25 to 65% of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1 to 70% of perfluoropropane and 5 to 34% of propane.The mixtures according to the invention can also be employed as aerosol propellants or as blowing agents for plastic foams.

Abstract: A paint remover composition consisting essentially of a single phase mixture of water, trioxane and an organic co-solvent having a flash paint above about 80.degree. C. is disclosed and claimed. Particularly preferred co-solvents are gamma-butyrolactone and N-methyl pyrrolidone.

Abstract: A three part cleaning composition uses C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl substituted lactam as a cleaning agent, an anionic surfactant and water to solubilize and remove oil or grease from hard surfaces. The lactam is provided in a ratio, relative to surfactant of 5-0.1 to 5-3.0, more preferably 5-0.1 to 5-1.0. The composition is surprisingly effective in forming micro-emulsions with the oil or grease and maintaining the emulsions for ease in disposal. Using an aqueous solution including C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl substituted lactam provides a low volatility, non-flammable degreasing solution, which is highly effective and biodegradable.

Abstract: Poly(glutamic acid) is used as a dispersing, soil-suspending or anti-redeposition agent in laundry detergent or other cleaning compositions that also contain a detersive surfactant. Suitable polymers include not only the homopolymers of glutamic acid but also block, graft or random copolymers of glutamic acid with biodegradable monomers or polymers, e.g., other amino acids or polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: Compositions according to the present invention include as essential components: from about 10% to about 50% by weight of d-limonene, from about 50% to about 90% by weight of NMP, and from about 0% to about 10% by weight of a thickener.

Abstract: A phosphate-free powdered dishwashing composition containing a mixture of a protease enzyme and an amylase enzymes have been found to be very useful in the cleaning of dishware. The compositions contain nonionic surfactants and a alkali metal silicate and bleaching agent.

Abstract: A liquid, non-aqueous, one-step graphic ink remover cleaner composition that is well suited for removing graphic ink, the composition comprising d-limonene, ethyl lactate, NMP, and a surfactant.

Abstract: To replace 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F113) in its applications to the cleaning and drying of solid surfaces, the invention propose to employ a (perfluoroalkyl)ethylene of formula:R.sub.f CH.dbd.CH.sub.2in which R.sub.f denotes a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl radical containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.In contrast to F113, (perfluoroalkyl)ethylenes are not liable to degrade stratospheric ozone.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions that include at least one hydrocarbon and at least one fluorinated species. Such compositions may be used as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for foams such as polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, displacement drying agents, among others.

Abstract: Relatively non-toxic and environmentally safe paint stripping compositions are disclosed for use in removing, for example, oil based alkyd and latex paints, varnishes, lacquers, shellacs, enamels, polyurethane and epoxy coatings from wood and metal surfaces at ambient temperatures. It has been unexpectedly found that C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 ether esters and carbonates of the form R--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COOR.sub.1, wherein R and R.sub.1 are lower alkyl groups and n=0-2, used in combination with tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) increase the rate of paint removal relative to THFA alone. Other ingredients, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), gamma-butyrolactone (BLAC) may be added to improve the efficacy of the present invention without detracting from its other beneficial properties. Additives such as formic acid, surfactant, thickener, corrosion inhibitor, fragrance, and bittering agent may also be added.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes and azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures containing octamethyltrisiloxane and 2-butoxyethanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, or isopropyl lactate. The mixtures are useful as environmentally friendly cleaning, rinsing, and drying agents.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes of octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) with n-propoxypropanol, and the use of the binary azeotropes as environmentally friendly cleaning agents are disclosed. New azeotrope-like compositions of octamethyltrisiloxane and n-propoxypropanol are also disclosed.

Abstract: New binary azeotropes of octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) with certain alcohols and an ester, and the use of the binary azeotropes as environmentally friendly cleaning agents are disclosed. The alcohol and ester components of the binary azeotrope are 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol, and ethyl lactate.

Abstract: Compositions comprising chemically synthesized or biosynthetic water-soluble melanin and at least one water dispersible cationic material which, when combined with the melanin, forms a composition that is suitable for use as a temporary haircolor. A process for temporarily coloring hair using those compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and ethanol. These compositions can be used especially as solvents for cleaning electronic components and for degreasing metals.

Abstract: Asphaltic concrete compounds comprised of asphalt cement and aggregate have, as a substantial portion of their respective aggregates, anthracite coal particles and fines, which are added specially as a lossy microwave material. These asphaltic concrete compounds are particularly useful when laid clown as a pavement, or a top layer of a pavement, which thereafter can be freed of ice, by using microwave energy to debond the ice. The debonding of the ice occurs without causing any noticeable melting of the ice, and the debonded ice is thereafter easily lifted and removed from the pavement of the way, serving as a roadway, highway, runway, or walkway. Also these asphaltic concrete compounds are particularly useful as patching materials when damaged pavement is being repaired, especially during cold weather.

Abstract: Disclosed is a alkaline liquid hard-surface cleaning and disinfecting composition. The composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 15% by weight of a C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 dicarboxylate or hydroxydicarboxylate, from about 0.005% to about 10% by weight of a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, from about 0.001% o about 15% by weight of a detergent surfactant, a pH of from about 8.5 to about 13, from about 15% to 98% by weight of water, and from 0 to about 20% by weight of an organic solvent having a hydrogen bonding parameter of less than about 7.7. The composition can be used to provide streak-free cleaning and disinfecting of hard surfaces. Moreover, in the presence of the selected dicarboxylates, the quaternary ammonium disinfectant retains its disinfectancy properties and does not precipitate out of solution. The composition can be prepared as a dry formulation.