Abstract: A multi-stage, isothermal, carbon monoxide preferential oxidation (PrOx) reactor comprising a plurality of serially arranged, catalyzed heat exchangers, each separated from the next by a mixing chamber for homogenizing the gases exiting one heat exchanger and entering the next. In a preferred embodiment, at least some of the air used in the PrOx reaction is injected directly into the mixing chamber between the catalyzed heat exchangers.

Abstract: A dispersant for pigments for aromatic polymers, which is superior not only in the ability of dispersing pigments in aromatic polymers but also in attaining high transparency and stability of the resulting color, while avoiding grafting step and attaining a lower production cost. The dispersant for pigments for aromatic polymers comprises a wax composed of a random copolymer of ethylene with an aromatic vinyl compound, which has a content of structural unit derived from ethylene of 99-10% by weight and a content of structural unit derived form the aromatic vinyl compound of 1-90% by weight and exhibiting an intrinsic viscosity of 0.04-0.6 dl/g.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel catalyst and process using the novel catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation and cracking of C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins (homogeneous hydrocarbons or mixtures such as liquified gas to C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor. The novel catalyst has the following formulaX.sub.a Y.sub.b Z.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.x,where, referring to the Periodic System,X is an element of Group II and/or IV b (Mg, Ca, Za, Ti, Zr . . . )Y is a Lanthanide and/or an element of Group IVa or Va (Ce, La, Nd, Dy, Sn, Pr, Sb, Pb . . . );Z is an element of Group I (Li, Na, K . . . );A is an element of Group VII (Cl, Br, I . . . );O is oxygen; anda is 0.4 to 0.9,b is 0.005 to 0.3,c is 0.05 to 1.5,d is 0.05 to 0.8, andx is determined by the valance requirements of metals and halogens.

Abstract: A pollution control and fuel energy saving device for use in boilers and furnaces which includes a container for a catalyst. The catalyst contains Aegle marmelos and Ocimum basilicum. The device may contain a backup container that is used to maintain the level of the catalyst in the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method of using a composition of matter that maintains the biophysical and physiological characteristics of natural surfactant, including the rapid and spontaneous adsorption of dilute suspensions to an air-liquid interface; the generation of low surface tension (<2.1 mN/m) at a surface area compression of 50% by the pulsating bubble method of Enhorning; and the restoration of greater than 75% of the lost volume of a surfactant deficient lung as determined by the method of Bermel. The material is produced by adding disaturated phospholipid to the extract of surface active material obtained by lavage of the air space of the lungs of animals. The material contains 90-96% phospholipid, 0-6% cholesterol, and 1-3% protein. Greater than 99% of the protein is lung surfactant apoproteins B & C. A sterile pharmaceutical preparation of the surface active material can be used for treating diseases caused by deficiency or dysfunction or natural lung surfactant.

Abstract: A composition and a process for using the composition in a selective hydrogenation of a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon such as, for example, an alkyne or diolefin, to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon such as, for example, an alkene or a monoolefin, are disclosed. The composition comprising palladium, a selectivity enhancer and an inorganic support wherein the palladium and selectivity enhancer are each present in a sufficient amount to effect the selective hydrogenation of a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon. Optionally, the composition can comprise silver. Also optionally, the palladium is present as skin distributed on the surface of the support. The composition can further comprise an alkali metal-containing compound such as, for example, potassium fluoride.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of chemical synthesis, and more specifically, to the field of oxidative coupling of olefinic compounds and aromatic compounds, to produce olefinically substituted aromatic compounds. More particularly, this invention relates to methods for oxidative coupling of olefinic compounds and aromatic compounds which employ a rhodium(III) acetylacetonate catalyst and a copper(II) redox agent in a reaction medium which does not comprise a carboxylic acid component. In one embodiment, this invention pertains to methods for the preparation of styrene by the oxidative coupling of ethylene (an olefinic compound) and benzene (an aromatic compound), in the presence of Rh(acac).sub.2 Cl(H.sub.2 O), as catalyst, and Cu(II)(CH.sub.3 COO).sub.2, as copper(II) redox agent, in which benzene is both a reactant and the reaction medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing harmful components in a semiconductor exhaust gas includes: a first water scrubber for washing with water a gas to be processed; a gas decomposer tower disposed downstream of the first water scrubber; a second water scrubber disposed downstream of the gas decomposer tower; and a burner tower disposed downstream of the second water scrubber for burning the processed gas, wherein the gas decomposer tower is capable of thermally decomposing a mixture gas of a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon gas and a perfluorocarbon or a perfluoride compound by maintaining the mixture gas at a temperature of 600.degree. C. or more in the absence of separated O.sub.2.

Abstract: A continuous hydrothermal synthesis method which comprises pressurizing and heating a material slurry below a saturated vapor temperature or pressurizing a material slurry at normal temperature, pressurizing and heating an aqueous liquid above the saturated vapor temperature, atomizing and mixing the slurry and the aqueous liquid, effecting hydrothermal synthesis in a reaction section above the saturated vapor temperature, cooling the reaction product and taking out the product while retaining the pressurized state in the system by alternately opening and closing shut-off valves provided above and below a product discharging section or through a thin pipe provided in the product discharging section. The method is performed using an apparatus comprising heating-pressurizing sections respectively connected to a material slurry feeding section and an aqueous liquid feeding section, an atomizing-mixing section and a reaction section provided after these feeding sections, and a product discharging section.

Abstract: Process for the removal of acid compounds contained in a hydrocarbon process stream by passing the process stream through a fixed bed of an adsorption material at conditions where the acid compounds adsorb on the material and withdrawing a purified hydrocarbon process stream, wherein water has been adsorbed on the material prior to contact with the hydrocarbon process stream.

Abstract: A catalyst composition, a process for producing the catalyst composition, and a hydroconversion process for converting a fluid stream comprising at least one saturated hydrocarbon to C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite and a promoter. The process for producing the composition comprises the steps of: (1) combining a zeolite with a complexing ligand and a promoter compound under a condition sufficient to produce a modified zeolite; and (2) heating the modified zeolite to produce a promoted zeolite. The hydroconversion process comprises contacting a fluid stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a saturated hydrocarbon to a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for converting an oxygenate feed to high purity olefins such as polymer-grade propylene (C.sub.3.sup.0 /C.sub.3.sup.= .ltoreq.0.05) at a temperature of about 450.degree. C. (842.degree. F.), using a molecular sieve catalyst having a high preselected Si/Al.sub.2 ratio (such as ZSM-5, ZSM-48) or a preselected Si/Fe.sub.2 ratio (such as FeZSM-5), or SAPO-34.

Abstract: A device for carrying out large-scale chemical reactions includes a microwave generator, a microwave application vessel containing a high-capacity reactor, and a cover, in which the vessel is a cylinder having longitudinal axis X, a microwave inlet in the vessel bottom wall, and an open upper end, in which the generator provides single-mode microwaves along axis X in the vessel, the size of the vessel being made to match the wavelength of the resonant mode of the microwaves along axis X, and in which the cover seals the upper opening of the vessel, and the cover has a conduit that connects the inside of the vessel to the environment so that the vessel is under atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic acid diester, which comprises carrying out a reaction in a vapor phase of an alcohol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst in a fluidized-bed reactor so that an oxidative carbonylation of the alcohol occurs, thereby obtaining a carbonic acid diester, wherein a heat of reaction is removed by the latent heat of vaporization of the alcohol as a raw material. In the process, for example, either at least part of the alcohol may be directly fed in liquid phase into the fluidized bed or cooling pipes are disposed in the fluidized bed and at least part of the alcohol is introduced in liquid phase into the cooling pipes as a heat transfer medium so that the liquid alcohol is vaporized and fed into the fluidized-bed reactor. Carbon monoxide may be introduced together with the liquid alcohol into the cooling pipes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefins from a hydrocarbon cut, comprising a step for separating at least one paraffin contained in the hydrocarbon cut, a step for dehydrogenating the paraffin and a step for purifying the hydrogen produced during dehydrogenation, at least a part of that hydrogen being recycled to the dehydrogenation step. The invention is of particular application to the preparation of olefins containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms per molecule from a C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbon cut containing at least one paraffin.

Abstract: A thin film forming apparatus has a vacuum chamber as a film forming chamber, a plasma generating unit and an ion source. In the vacuum chamber, a substrate is placed and a thin film is formed on the substrate. The plasma generating unit decomposes a source gas introduced into the vacuum chamber to generate a plasma of the source gas near a film-forming surface of the substrate within the vacuum chamber. The ion source is provided around the vacuum chamber. The ion source produces ion beams that are drawn out to be directed substantially parallel to the film-forming surface of the substrate to irradiate the plasma.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided which decrease the risk and spillage associated with discharging coke from a coking vessel. The risk to workers is decreased by eliminating the need for workers to be near the coking vessel while the head is being removed. The spillage is decreased by modifying the effective diameter of the coke chute inlet in a manner which allows it to catch any materials discharged from the coking vessel both during and after the opening of the bottom head. The process can enhance drum draining and further eliminate the need for process piping to facilitate the draining of water from the coking vessel.

Abstract: A deposit film forming apparatus is characterized in that a temperature control member for controlling the temperature of a wall of deposition chamber is in contact with an outer wall of a deposition chamber through a heat conductivity adjusting plate, which can prevent overcooling while suppressing an increase in the temperature of the wall of deposition chamber during film formation and which can maintain the temperature of the wall of deposition chamber at a preferable temperature for deposition of film for a long time, thereby forming a deposit film. As a result, the apparatus can mass-produce deposit films of stable quality, especially, large-area and good-quality photovoltaic elements utilizing amorphous semiconductors, over a long period.

Abstract: A process for production of paraxylene from a charge containing C7-C9 aromatic hydrocarbons in which a first fraction is enriched to at least 30% weight with paraxylene and this fraction is purified by at least one high-temperature crystallization in at least one crystallization zone. Said first fraction is crystallized in a crystallization zone at high temperature T1 and advantageously between +10 and -25.degree. C., crystals in suspension in a mother liquor are recovered, the crystals are separated from the mother liquor in at least a first separation zone, the crystals obtained are partially melted in at least a zone for partial melting and a suspension of crystals is recovered, the crystals in suspension are separated and washed in at least one separation and washing zone and pure paraxylene crystals and washing liquor are recovered, and pure crystals are optionally completely melted and a liquid stream of melted paraxylene is collected.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus includes a stator and a rotor disposed for rotation within the stator. An inner wall of the stator defines one or more collider chambers. Rotation of the rotor causes movement of fluid disposed between the rotor and stator and establishes a rotational flow pattern within the collider chambers. The fluid movement induced by the rotor increases the temperature, density, and pressure of the fluid in the collider chamber.