Abstract: A process is disclosed for changing the fluorine content of halogenated hydrocarbons containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in the presence of a multiphase catalyst. The process involves producing the catalyst by heating a single phase solid catalyst precursor having the formula (NH3)6Cr2−xMxF6 (where x is in the range of 0.1 to 1 and M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, V, Fe, Ga and In) to about 400° or less to produce a multiphase composition wherein a phase containing crystalline M fluoride is homogeneously dispersed with a phase containing chromium fluoride. Also disclosed are multiphase catalyst compositions consisting essentially of chromium fluoride and a crystalline fluoride of at least one metal selected from the above group (provided the atom percent of Cr is at least equal to the atom percent of the crystalline fluoride metals). Phases of the crystalline fluorides are homogeneously dispersed with phases of the chromium fluoride.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the thermal treatment of material in a rotating conical chamber (4) placed in a housing (1). According to the invention material, brought into the rotating chamber (4) and ejected due to the conical shape, is returned to the chamber (4) for further thermal treatment, without leaving the housing (1). By applying the method of the invention, the thermal efficiency is increased. In addition, wear of the means required for returning material that is to be treated again into the housing (1), is avoided. The invention also relates to two installations for putting the method into practice.

Abstract: A process for separating at least one C8 alkylaromatic hydrocarbon from a mixture containing at least one C8 alkylaromatic hydrocarbon and at least one C9 or C10 alkylaromatic hydrocarbon using zeolite Y or zeolite Y ion exchanged with a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, sodium, strontium, a Group IB element, a Group VIII element and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing propene by metathesis of olefins.

Abstract: An apparatus for synthesizing polymer chains includes a controller, a plurality of precision fit vials circularly arranged in multiple banks on a cartridge, a drain corresponding to each bank of vials, a chamber bowl, a plurality of valves for delivering reagents to selective vials, and a waste tube system for purging material from the vials. A purging operation can be selectively performed on one or more of the banks of vials. The multiple banks of valves provide an additional number of reagent choices while operating in a serial mode and faster reagent distribution while operating in a parallel mode. The plurality of vials are stored in the cartridge and are divided among individual banks wherein each bank of vials has a corresponding drain. There is at least one waste tube system for expelling the reagent solution from vials within a particular bank of vials when the waist tube system is coupled to the corresponding drain.

Abstract: A heating furnace for home and industrial use, having the ability to catalyze fuel oil to produce fuel gas for external applications. The heat produced can be radiated, or can be circulated by a heated air or heated water system.

Abstract: A CO2 fixation system for fixing Co2 gas existing in the atmosphere or in an exhaust gas emitted from factories and other burning sites. The system includes a fermenting tank for anaerobically fermenting organic wastes, whereby methane gas is produced. The methane gas is decomposed and hydrogen gas is produced. The hydrogen gas is reacted with the CO2 gas to produce carbon powder and water, whereby the CO2 gas is fixed to become harmless to the global warming.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for the continuous manufacture of solid particles of alkali metal persalts by reaction of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt and crystallization of the persalt. The persalt is formed in a crystallizer classifier, which is made up of stirred region and a growth region for the persalt crystals a non-stirred clarifying region for the solution and a classification region for the particles obtained by elutriation in a liquid stream withdrawn in the clarifying region.

Abstract: A collimator, in combination with a source of curing radiation, for use in a process for curing a photosensitive resin disposed on a working surface and having a machine direction and a cross-machine direction perpendicular to said machine direction, is disclosed. The preferred collimator comprises a plurality of mutually parallel collimating elements spaced from one another in the machine direction between the source of radiation and the resin. Each of the collimating elements is substantially perpendicular to the working surface, and every two of the mutually adjacent collimating elements have a machine-directional clearance and a cross-machine-directional clearance therebetween. The collimating elements and the machine direction form an acute angle therebetween such that the machine-directional clearance is greater than the cross-machine directional clearance. This allows to provide a greater collimation of the curing radiation in the cross-machine direction relative to the machine direction.

Abstract: A fuel gas reformer assembly for use in a fuel cell power plant includes fuel gas passages, some of which contain a particulate alumina packing in which a vaporized steam-hydrocarbon fuel stream mixture is heated. The walls of the fuel gas passages are provided with an alumina coating which protects the walls of the passages from corrosion. The alumina coating of the walls, and alumina packing are both overlain by an alkaline earth metal oxide layer, such as a calcium oxide layer, that acts to limit carbon build-up on the surfaces of the coated passage walls. Limiting of carbon build-up in the reformer passages prevents premature clogging of the passages. The carbon build-up-limiting layer is formed on components of the reformer passages by applying a water-based slurry of alkaline earth metal compounds to the reformer passage surfaces, and then drying the slurry so as to solidify it.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for automatically removing the cover of a chute beneath a coke drum. The system operates in conjunction with a remotely operable coke deheading device so that the chute cover is removed when the coke drum is deheaded. Also disclosed is a method for facilitating coke removal from a coke drum into a coke chute where the chute cover is automatically removed upon activation of the coke drum deheading device.

Abstract: A fraction of low bromine number mainly containing a styrenic compound/aromatic compound adduct can be attained, by feeding reaction materials of a styrenic compound and an aromatic compound to a fixed-bed flow reactor packed with a solid acid catalyst in a liquid phase at a temperature in the range of 40 to 350° C. to form a styrenic compound/aromatic compound adduct, in which (1) the feed of reaction materials is stopped when the bromine number of the above fraction is increased up to a predetermined value, (2) a saturated aromatic hydrocarbon having a mean value of the proportion of aromatic ring carbons in a molecule of 55% or more is fed to the reactor in a liquid phase at a temperature higher by 5 to 150° C. than that of the reaction mixture just before the above stopping, and (3) the feed of reaction materials is then restarted to obtain the fraction.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel reformer (200) is disclosed suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. The reformer (200) comprises first and second tubes (208,218). The first tube (208) includes a first catalyst (214) and receives a first mixture of steam and a first fuel. The second tube (218) is annularly disposed about the first tube (208) and receives a second mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a second fuel. In one embodiment, a third tube (224) is annularly disposed about the second tube (218) and receives a first reaction reformate from the first tube (208) and a second reaction reformate from the second tube (218). A catalyst reforming zone (260) annularly disposed about the third tube (224) may be provided to subject reformate constituents to a shift reaction. In another embodiment, a fractionator is provided to distill first and second fuels from a fuel supply source.

Abstract: An ethylbenzene production system comprises a reactor vessel, a vapor phase ethylene feed stream, a benzene feed stream entering the reactor vessel, and a product stream containing ethylbenzene exiting the reactor vessel. The reactor vessel has an ethylation section and a benzene stripping section, whereby fluid communication via integrated vapor and liquid traffic is maintained between the ethylation section and stripping section. The vapor phase ethylene feed stream contains 3 to 50 mol % ethylene and at least 20 mol % methane entering the reactor vessel.

Abstract: An improved stripper section design is provided for use in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. The stripper section contains means for imparting rotational movement to the FCC cracking catalyst as it traverses the stripping section. In one embodiment the stripper section contains at least one rotation vane that is preferably disposed on the surface of a stripper section tray. The rotation vane provides angular, rotational movement to the cracking catalyst as it traverses the stripper section. Vertical movement is imparted to the cracking catalyst due to gravity and radial movement is imparted to the catalyst due to the slanted nature of the tray. Through the use of the rotation vanes the contact between the catalyst particles and the stripping steam is increased, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the FCC operation.

Abstract: A reactor for reacting liquid petroleum or chemical streams wherein the liquid stream flows countercurrent to the flow of a treat gas, such as a hydrogen-containing gas. The reactor is comprised of at least one vertically disposed reaction zone, each containing a bed of catalyst, wherein each reaction zone may contain vapor bypass means, and wherein each reaction zone is immediately preceded by a non-reaction zone, and wherein each non-reaction zone contains a gas/liquid contacting zone for stripping gaseous by-products, such as NH3 and H2S, from the liquid stream.

Abstract: In order to prevent material from passing into a plenum chamber, an assembly for fluidizing the material includes a deck supported above the plenum chamber. The plenum chamber has an intake in communication with a source of pressurized air, and the deck includes an inverted channel for distributing the pressurized air to the material in a preselected air distribution pattern and an inverted channel for supporting the material in a position generally above and in spaced relation to the air distributing channel. With this arrangement, the material supporting channel is disposed in spaced relation to the air distributing channel to permit the pressurized air from the plenum chamber to fluidize the material.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for catalytically oxidizing organic matter, particularly the incomplete combustion products of carbon-containing fuels such as fossil fuels. The systems and apparatus utilize catalytically reactive particles that are suspended by moving air within a reaction chamber and maintained at a temperature sufficient to cause the suspended media particles, typically silica sand, silica gel, or alumina, to become catalytically reactive in the presence of moisture. Typically, the reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature in a range from about 100° C. to about 500° C. Moisture may be provided by the waste exhaust, although additional moisture may be introduced into the reaction chamber in order to maintain reactivity of the catalytically reactive particles. The systems and apparatus can be adapted to be used in combination with diesel engines or other internal combustion engines and industrial burners.

Abstract: A pressurized vertically-oriented catalytic reactor vessel has a fluid flow distribution grid plate fixedly mounted transversely in the reactor lower portion for supporting a bed of particulate catalyst above the grid plate, and has at least one elongated conduit for catalyst addition/withdrawal extending upwardly through the reactor lower head and the grid plate. The catalyst addition/withdrawal conduit has a concentric bellows type expansion unit sealably attached at its lower end to the upper side of the grid plate, the bellows unit being sealably attached at its upper end to the catalyst conduit, so that the conduit can thermally expand vertically, and gas leakage cannot occur around the conduit and the grid plate into the catalyst bed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for converting olefinic C5 cuts by metathesis using an improved catalyst containing rhenium, cesium, and delta alumina. The preferred catalysts contains at least one rhenium compound deposited on a support principally composed of alumina, treated at a temperature of more than 750° C., and modified by at least one cesium compound. Thus the duration of the cycle between two regeneration operations is substantially increased.