Abstract: A fuel processing method is operable to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in an undiluted oxygenated hydrocarbon fuel stock supply which contains an oxygenate and which is used to power an internal combustion engine in a mobile environment, such as an automobile, bus, truck, boat, or the like, or in a stationary environment. The fuel stock can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The undiluted hydrocarbon fuel supply is passed through a nickel reactant desulfurizer bed wherein essentially all of the sulfur in the organic sulfur compounds reacts with the nickel reactant, and is converted to nickel sulfide, while the desulfurized organic remnants continue through the remainder of the fuel processing system. The method can be used to desulfurize either a liquid or a gaseous fuel stream, which contains an oxygenate such as MTBE, ethanol, methanol, or the like.

Abstract: A process for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock to produce isobutane and isoparaffin-enriched gasoline which comprises two different reactions, the preheated feedstock is contacted with hot regenerated catalyst in the lower part of a reactor with the result that catalytic cracking reaction takes place, and the mixture of vapors and the coke deposited catalyst are up-flowed and enter into a suitable reaction environment with the result that isomerization and hydrogen transfer reaction take place. The produced LPG has an isobutane content of about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % and the produced gasoline contains isoparaffin content of about 30 wt % to about 45 wt % and olefin content of less than 30 wt %. RON and MON of the gasoline are 90˜93 and 80˜84 respectively.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and chemical streams. The stream is passed through at least one reaction zone countercurrent to the flow of a hydrogen-containing treat gas, and through at least one sorbent zone. The reaction zone contains a bed of Group VIII metal-containing hydrodesulfurization catalyst and the sorbent zone contains a bed of hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for producing polymers from olefins selectively produced from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream is disclosed herein. The naphtha feedstream is contacted in the reaction zone with a catalyst under catalytic conversion concditions. Vapor products are collected overhead and the catalyst particles are passed through the stripping zone on the way to the catalyst regeneration zone. Volatiles are stripped with steam in the stripping zone and the catalyst particles are sent to the catalyst regeneration zone where coke is burned from the catalyst, which is then recycled to the reaction zone. A stream rich in C4 and/or C5 olefins is recycled to the stripping zone.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a method for reducing the amount of sulfur in hydrocarbon streams comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a hydrocarbon stream comprising hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds with an adsorbent selective for adsorption of said sulfur compounds, under adsorption conditions capable of retaining said sulfur compounds on said adsorbent and obtaining an adsorption effluent comprising a desulfurized hydrocarbon stream, (b) collecting said desulfurized hydrocarbon stream, (c) desorbing said sulfur compounds from said adsorbent by passing a desorbent through said adsorbent under desorption conditions to obtain a desorption effluent comprising sulfur compounds and said desorbent, (d) treating said desorption effluent to remove said sulfur compounds from said desorption effluent and collecting a desulfurized desorbent effluent comprising desorbent.

Abstract: Materials and methods for inhibiting the formation of filamentous coke on heated metal surfaces. Organoselenium compounds, including diarylselenides, diaryldiselenides, alkylarylselenides, and alkylaryldiselenides, are employed as hydrocarbon feedstock additives or as hydrocarbon fuel additives to inhibit filamentous coke formation on hydrocarbon processing systems, including reactors, furnaces, engines and parts thereof and in particular to inhibit filamentous coke formation on heat-exchangers in such systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for deacidifying a crude oil system, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the crude oil system with a polar solvent, such that at least part of the organic acid present in the oil is extracted into the solvent as an extract phase, and b) separating said extract phase from the treated crude oil system of step a).

Abstract: A reformulated diesel fuel meeting the requirements of ASTM D975-96a for a low-sulfur number 2 diesel fuel and providing reduced emission benefits relative to a certified diesel fuel, certified under Section 2282(g) Title 13, California Code of Regulations and containing less than 15 volume percent aromatics having a natural cetane number of at least 55, a sulfur content less than 15 ppmw, a nitrogen content less than 10 ppmw, a polycyclic aromatics content no greater than 1.5 weight percent and an initial boiling point of at least 350° F. and a method for producing and using the reformulated diesel fuel.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for decreasing the emissions of chlorine-containing species from a moving bed process for regenerating spent catalyst particles with a recycle gas stream. A recycle gas stream contacts spent catalyst particles at regeneration conditions, thereby producing a flue gas stream. The flue gas stream which contains chlorine-containing species contacts spent catalyst particles at sorption conditions. The sorption conditions are characterized by the substantial absence of carbon combustion. The spent catalyst particles sorb the chlorine-containing species from the flue gas stream, thereby producing the recycle gas stream. A portion of the recycle gas stream is vented from the process. This method captures and returns to the process the chlorine-containing species that would be lost from the process and that would need to be replaced by the injection of make-up chlorine-containing species. This method results in a significant savings in capital and operating costs of the process.

Abstract: A substantially water-free hydrocarbon feed is charged to a multiple-reactor reformer system being operated under reforming conditions and comprising at least two reformer reactors serially connected in fluid-flow communication and each containing a reformer catalyst; and, simultaneously with the charging step, a chloriding agent is sequentially introduced, without simultaneously introducing water, immediately upstream from the inlets of all the reformer reactors in an amount and for a period of time that are effective to inhibit the deactivation of the reformer catalyst.

Abstract: A petroleum processing method comprising the steps of: performing an atmospheric distillation of crude oil; collectively hydrodesulfurizing the resultant distillates consisting of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil in a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 310 to 370° C. under 30 to 70 kg/cm2G (first hydrogenation step); and further performing hydrodesulfurization at lower temperatures (second hydrogenation step). When the second hydrogenation step is carried out only for the heavy naphtha obtained by separating the distillates after the first hydrogenation step, the second hydrogenation temperature can be in the range of 250 to 400° C.

Abstract: The invention is related to a catalyst and a process for selectively producing light (i.e., C2-C4) olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions. The catalysts do not require steam activation.

Abstract: A fuel processing method is operable to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in an undiluted oxygenated hydrocarbon fuel stock supply which contains an oxygenate and which is used to power a fuel cell power plant in a mobile environment, such as an automobile, bus, truck, boat, or the like, or in a stationary environment. The power plant hydrogen fuel source can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The undiluted hydrocarbon fuel supply is passed through a desulfurizer bed wherein essentially all of the sulfur in the organic sulfur compounds reacts with the nickel reactant, and is converted to nickel sulfide, while the now desulfurized hydrocarbon fuel supply continues through the remainder of the fuel processing system.

Abstract: High boiling hydrocarbon materials are hydrocracked in a multiple stage process having ebullating catalyst bed hydrogenation reactor stages in series. Between the hydrogenation reactors is an interstage separator/stripper to separate a vapor phase and to strip the liquid phase with hydrogen to produce a heavier, more concentrated liquid phase as the feed to the next ebullating bed reactor stage in the series. The feed to the second stage may be blended with an aromatic solvent and/or a portion of the high boiling hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: The general object of this invention is to provide an improved process for sweetening and desulfurizing sulfur-containing crude oil streams. Heating the sulfur-containing crude oil stream to an elevated temperature for an extended period of time while stirring and bubbling an inert gas into the crude accelerates the removal of sulfur containing gases from the crude oil stream. Furthermore, the addition of a polyalkylamine to the stirred crude oil can also greatly assist in the expulsion of sulfur containing gases. After processing under these conditions, the hydrogen sulfide producing capacity of the crude oil is reduced significantly, thus making the crude safer for transportation and handling by reducing the health and environmental risks.

Abstract: A process for preparing an ethylene-rich composition from a C3-5 paraffinic feedstock is described. The C3-5 paraffinic feedstock is subjected to molecular redistribution via dehydrogenation to form olefins, metathesis of the olefins, and rehydrogenation of the olefins to form paraffins. The product stream includes ethane, which is isolated and sent to an ethane or ethane/propane cracker (or, alternatively, a flexi-cracker, although this is less cost effective) to yield an ethylene-rich composition. The product stream also includes C3-5 paraffins, which can be recycled, and C6+paraffins, which can be used, for example, as solvents. Alternatively, they can be isomerized to form gasoline additives, or can be converted to aromatic compounds by subjecting them to reforming conditions, for example using the AROMAX™ process or platforming or rheniforming conditions.

Abstract: A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is “high” relative to the oil feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions is available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactors is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.

Abstract: A process for using a hydrogen sensor in a liquid metal heat exchange loop in a hydrocarbon conversion process with high hydrogen permeation. The hydrogen sensor of the present invention consists essentially of a hollow nickel membrane probe in intimate contact with liquid metal. A vacuum chamber in fluid communication with the hollow nickel membrane probe through which hydrogen permeates, wherein the vacuum chamber is initially evacuated to a vacuum pressure and is in equilibrium with the vacuum chamber. The hydrogen sensor is useful for measuring the partial pressure of the hydrogen in the liquid metal to provide advisory control for the removal of hydrogen from the liquid metal exchange loop to avoid the problem of metal hydride formation and associated plugging problems.

Abstract: An oil, such as a mineral oil, for example, transformer oil, is contacted with calcium carbide and the mixture is stirred until a liquid phase containing less than 1 ppm water and a solid phase containing Ca(OH)2 and unreacted CaC2 are obtained. The oil obtained can be used to give samples of known quantities of water by adding corresponding amounts thereto.

Abstract: The invention is a mixed oxide oxygen storage material useful as a catalyst or catalyst washcoat. The mixed oxide is praseodymium oxide loaded onto a support of either cerium oxide or cerium-zirconium oxide. The praseodymium oxide is loaded on the support so that the resultant mixed oxide contains praseodymium and cerium in a molar ratio of 1:4 to 4:1. This mixed oxide may be loaded with a catalyst like palladium for use in automotive exhaust gas systems.