Abstract: Compounds having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is the 2-(1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)oxy, R is --(CH.sub.2).sub.p -- where p varies from 1 to 3; R' is (CH.sub.2).sub.n -- where n varies from 1 to 7; R" is hydrogen or methyl; and m is 0 to 4.

Abstract: The novel compound .alpha.-bromodiethylcarbonate, its use in the preparation of 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters of penicillins and cephalosporins, in particular bacampicillin, and improvements in the method for preparing such esters.

Abstract: A plant growth regulator comprising, as the active substance, one or more of N-substituted alanine derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents halogen atom or trifluoromethyl, R represents hydrogen, straight chain or branched chain alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2-4 carbon atoms, an alkali metal atom or amine-forming residue, and n is zero or an integer of 1 or 2, with the proviso that when n is 2, X may be same or different, together with an inert carrier or diluent, in particular, an agent effective for controlling suckers of tobacco, and a process for regulating plant growth by using said plant growth regulator.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for reducing the reaction time in the hydrolysis of a condensation polymer wherein molten condensation polymer is intimately admixed with a depolymerizing agent which is either (i) one of the products resulting from the complete hydrolytic depolymerization of the condensation polymer; or (ii) water. The depolymerization agent is present in the mixture in an amount which is less than the weight of the condensation polymer and the materials are intimately admixed for a time sufficient that the molecular of the condensation polymer is reduced by at least 50%. The treated condensation polymer of lower molecular weight is thereafter subjected to neutral hydrolysis. In addition to decreasing the overall time required to effect complete hydrolytic depolymerization, this process additionally permits the use of a smaller hydrolysis vessel, thereby reducing the fabrication cost of the hydrolysis unit.

Abstract: Methyl acetate is carbonylated to acetic anhydride with carbon monoxide, in liquid phase, in an anhydrous reaction medium, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of (i) nickel, (ii) methyl iodide, (iii) an alkali metal iodide, and (iv) a crown ether.

Abstract: A perfluoroalkylene .alpha.,.omega.-diacetylene compound having a fluorocarbon chain of from 5 to about 20 carbon atoms between two acetylene end groups, and a method of forming same by first reacting perfluoroalkylene diiodide having the formula I(CF.sub.2).sub.n I, wherein n is a whole number from 5 to about 20, inclusive with bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, and converting the reaction product to the diacetylene with KF. The diacetylene has the general formula HC.tbd.C(CF.sub.2).sub.n C.tbd.CH, wherein n is as set forth above, and it can be polymerized to produce a clear, hard, cross-linked resin suitable for use as a coating on bearings and in the manufacture of aircraft windshields. Monofunctional counterparts of the HC.tbd.C(CF.sub.2).sub.n C.tbd.CH compounds can be formed by substituting perfluoroalkyl primary iodides for the diiodides in the above-described reaction.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is produced by reacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with oxygen to give a hot gas containing H.sub.2 and CO, injecting into the resulting hot gas a hydrocarbon and possibly steam and/or CO.sub.2 and reacting the resulting mixture adiabatically over a steam reforming catalyst. These steps are carried out preferably in a reactor of substantially uniform cross section such as a gas turbine combustor.

Abstract: Increased catalyst concentration relative to butadiene in its carboalkoxylation permits operation at reduced pressure and simplifies process steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to trisubstituted sulfohalides, the process for their preparation and their use as intermediate products for the manufacture of novel compounds.The trisubstituted sulfohalides according to the invention correspond to the following general formula (I): ##STR1## in which: X is a halogen atom, particularly bromine or preferably chlorine;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent, independently of one another, a lower alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A represents hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the group NO.sub.2, or CF.sub.3.The invention is useful in the manufacture of medicaments.

Abstract: Crystalline salts of acetoacetamide-N-sulfofluoride are prepared by reacting amidosulfofluoride H.sub.2 NSO.sub.2 F with diketene in the presence of inorganic bases, preferably alkali metal carbonates and/or hydrogencarbonates, in particular potassium carbonate, in an inert organic solvent.The salts can be further processed with further base, for example with methanolic KOH, into salts of 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-one-2,2-dioxide; the potassium salt, in particular, is important for use as a sweetener ("Acesulfame").

Abstract: Novel low-molecular weight polyesters consisting essentially of chain members of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is at least one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## and R is a bifunctional aliphatic hydrocarbon or a bifunctional hydrocarbon containing at least one aromatic or cycloaliphatic ring having an inherent viscosity of 0.08 to 0.35 dl/g measured at 30.degree. C. on a 100 ml solution of 0.5 g of polyester in a solvent of 60% by weight of phenol and 40% by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane useful for further polymerization with amines, amides, imides and a novel method of preparing the same.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties. The cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an --OR.sub.2 or --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 radical,B is hydroxyl, an --NHOR.sub.1 radical or a metal or ammonium salt thereofR is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkythio,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl,R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylthioalkyl; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of acetic anhydride by carbonylation. In the process, carbon monoxide is reacted with methyl acetate in the liquid phase, in a carboxylic acid, in the presence of an effective amount of nickel, methyl iodide, an ionic iodide selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium iodides, quaternary phosphonium iodides, sodium iodide, potassium iodide and cesium iodide, and a co-catalyst selected from the group consisting of lithium salts and alkaline earth metal salts.

Abstract: A process for producing peracids from lactic acid-containing solutions derived from biomass processing systems comprising: adjusting the pH of the solution to about 8-9 and removing alkaline residue fractions therefrom to form a solution comprised substantially of lower aliphatic hydroxy acids; oxidizing the solution to produce volatile lower aliphatic aldehydes; removing said aldehydes as they are generated; and converting said aldehydes to peracids.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may or may not be olefinically monounsaturated to tetraunsaturated, can be substituted by not more than 3 methyl or ethyl groups, one vinyl, methylvinyl or allyl group, 1 or 2 chlorine atoms or one alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and can be bridged by an alkylene chain of not more than 4 carbon atoms, X is alkylene of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, which can be monounsaturated or diunsaturated, interrupted by not more than 2 sulfur or oxygen atoms and substituted by not more than 3 alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen of alkoxycarbonyl where alkoxy is of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, propargyl or haloalkenyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and the salts of these compounds, processes for their preparation, herbicides containing these compounds, and their use.

Abstract: A process for the production of (1) an ether or (2) a second amine comprises reacting an activated olefin with respectively an alcohol or first amine in the presence of a catalyst which is either (a) an amidine or (b) a Lewis base and epoxide. The same catalyst may also be used to carry out the reverse reaction in which an activated olefin and an alcohol or first amine are produced from the appropriate ether or second amine.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a diester of oxalic acid by contacting carbon monoxide and an ester of nitrous acid in the vapor state under a pressure in the presence of a special palladium supported catalyst.

Abstract: Unsaturated compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which: Q denotes alkyloxycarbonyl, cyano or formyl, R.sub.1 denotes a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical, R.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, R.sub.3 denotes a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic radical and R.sub.4 denotes a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical which may be substituted, are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of vitamin E.

Abstract: Novel octopine derivatives are disclosed which are useful for the selective growth of the agriculturally useful A. tumefaciens bacterium along with a synthetic method for their preparation. Also disclosed is a method of separating octopine derivatives from their diastereoisomers along with a method of selectively growing strains of the bacterium A. tumefaciens.

Abstract: A new and highly useful resin prepolymer blend of (a) polyester polyols prepared by esterifying phthalic anhydride bottoms with aliphatic polyols; (b) aliphatic polyol, (c) compatibilizing polyalkoxylated compound, and (d) (optionally) polyalkoxylated amine or amide diol. This blend can be reacted with organic isocyanates in the presence of fluorocarbon blowing agent and preferably catalysts to produce cellular polymeric structures.