Abstract: A chemical synthesis device that can easily control the temperature of a fluid in a channel is provided. An embodiment of a chemical synthesis device according to the invention includes a substrate provided with a first channel in which a plurality of fluids are subjected to a chemical synthesis and a second channel for controlling a temperature of the fluids flowing through the first channel.

Abstract: A gas diffusion system configured to feed a gas stream, in particular a passivating gas stream, into an apparatus, in particular a decomposer, of a urea plant; the system extends along an axis and has a gas feed conduit having an outlet from which the gas flows substantially parallel to the axis, and a diffuser assembly configured to diffuse the gas supply from the conduit; the diffuser assembly is shaped so as to intercept the gas stream flowing axially from the outlet, and divert the gas stream substantially radially with respect to the axis and uniformly about the axis.

Abstract: A process for upgrading residuum hydrocarbons including: feeding pitch, hydrogen, and a partially spent catalyst recovered from a hydrocracking reactor to an ebullated bed pitch hydrocracking reactor; contacting the pitch, hydrogen, and the catalyst in the ebullated bed pitch hydrocracking reactor at reaction conditions of temperature and pressure sufficient to convert at least a portion of the pitch to distillate hydrocarbons; and separating the distillate hydrocarbons from the catalyst. In some embodiments, the process may include selecting the ebullated bed pitch hydrocracking reactor reaction conditions to be at or below the level where sediment formation would otherwise become excessive and prevent continuity of operations.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus according to the present invention includes a reaction vessel that brings a synthesis gas having carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas as main components into contact with a slurry having a solid catalyst suspended in a liquid hydrocarbon compound to synthesize a liquid hydrocarbon compound using a Fischer-Tropsch reaction; a filter that is provided within the reaction vessel and is configured to separate the liquid hydrocarbon compound from the catalyst; and a powdered catalyst particles-discharging device configured to discharge powdered catalyst particles in the solid catalyst in the slurry to the outside of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: An ionic liquid reactor unit and a process for controlling heat generation from an ionic liquid reactor unit. The ionic liquid reactor unit may include an external heat exchanger. The effluent from the reactor is separated in a separation zone allowing the hydrocarbon phase to transfer heat to a cooling fluid. The heat exchanger may be a tube-in-shell, a spiral plate heat exchanger, a hair pin heat exchanger. The heat exchanger accommodates the separation of the ionic liquid from the hydrocarbon phase, and may allow for the ion liquid to be drained.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for heating catalyst is presented. Cooler catalyst is removed from a reactor and heated with a hot gas in a riser, heated in a heating tube or heated in a heating chamber. Heated catalyst is disengaged from the hot gas if necessary and returned to the reactor. The process and apparatus can be used for producing light olefins. The hot gas may be a flue gas from an FCC regenerator or a combustion gas from a heater.

Abstract: A system for making cyclohexylbenzene starting from benzene and hydrogen includes a first benzene preparation column, a hydroalkylation reactor, a dehydrogenation reactor, a second distillation column for cyclohexylbenzene separation, a third distillation column for cyclohexylbenzene purification, a transalkylation reactor, and a fourth distillation column for separating cyclohexylbenzene from transalkylation effluent. All components are integrated to achieve a high-purity cyclohexylbenzene product produced with a high yield and high overall energy efficiency.

Abstract: A system for hydrothermal reaction comprises a heater (3) including a circulating component for fluid flowing across and a heat source for heating fluid, and a reactor (4, 5) including a heat preserving container in communication with the circulating component via pipes. A method for hydrothermal reaction comprises heating the fluid including the reactant and water for hydrothermal reaction, and feeding the heated fluid to the heat preserving container to perform the hydrothermal reaction.

Abstract: A mixing unit has a stacked member having mixing elements that are stacked in a stacking direction and that extend in an extending direction, a first plate, and a second plate disposed opposite the first plate. The stacked member is sandwiched between the first plate and the second plate. Each of the mixing elements has first through holes. The second plate comprises an opening portion that communicates with the first through holes in the stacked member.

Abstract: Co-extraction techniques for separating and purifying butadiene and isoprene from a C4 hydrocarbon mixture including butadiene and a C5 hydrocarbon mixture including isoprene are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a system includes a dimerization heat exchanger, a C5 purification column; an extraction zone including a mainwasher column, a rectifier column and an afterwasher column; a distillation zone; a degassing zone; and an isoprene finishing column. The system can further include a C5 washer column, an absorption column, and a distillation column.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for monitoring and controlling a nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor in vinyl-based monomers. A dosage of the nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor is provided in the vinyl-based monomers. A residual concentration of the nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor is measured substantially in real time, and an optimized dosage of the nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor is provided in response to the measured residual concentration.

Abstract: Process and apparatus is disclosed for providing a chemical reaction between calcium oxide containing grit particles to produce calcium hydroxide and heat, capturing the heat of hydration and using it to preheat water initially at ambient temperature, to rise to an elevated temperature to increase the amount of lime present in the water to a supersaturated lime suspension level, with the chemical reaction running to completion, followed by cooling. Heat from a water jacket may be used to raise the temperature in the lime slaker.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a field replaceable multifunction cartridge for the conversion of composite high molecular weight hydrocarbon vapors, extracted from homogenous or heterogeneous, segregated or unsegregated, wet or dry, unclean miscellaneous multi-feed waste input, to produce low molecular weight fractions of industriously combustible fuel products through catalytic cracking. The multifunction cartridge system is constructed in a modular fashion is capable of performing the catalytic, cleaning and scrubbing functions through the temperature range ranging from ambient to 500° C., owing to the high mechanical strength, low coefficient of expansion, resistance to thermal fatigue etc.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the external processing flash zone gas oil by recycling it through a vacuum residuum hydroprocessing unit before reentering the delayed coking process.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for upgrading a continuously flowing process stream including heavy crude oil (HCO). A reactor receives the process stream in combination with water, at an inlet temperature within a range of about 60° C. to about 200° C. The reactor includes one or more process flow tubes having a combined length of about 30 times their aggregated transverse cross-sectional dimension, and progressively heats the process stream to an outlet temperature T(max)1 within a range of between about 260° C. to about 400° C. The reactor maintains the process stream at a pressure sufficient to ensure that it remains a single phase at T(max)1. A controller selectively adjusts the rate of flow of the process stream through the reactor to maintain a total residence time of greater than about 1 minute and less than about 25 minutes.

Abstract: A unique design for a mobile system that reforms flare gas or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce dimethyl ether (DME), a diesel substitute, is disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressures, and then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to up to 600 psi, and feeds it through a combined reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into dimethyl ether. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. DME is an excellent diesel fuel, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based diesel fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that is currently flared in North Dakota could be converted into over 3 million tons of DME.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant for performance of heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions. The plant entails a reactor, at least one line leading into the reactor for introduction of reactants into the reactor, at least one first feed for providing at least one first reactant A, which leads into the line, at least one second feed for providing at least one second reactant B, which leads into the line, at least one third feed for providing a cycle gas G, which leads into the line, a temperature control unit which is disposed in the line upstream of the reactor and is for controlling the temperature of the first reactant A and/or second reactant B and/or cycle gas G prior to entry into the reactor and at least one outlet for products, by-products and/or unreacted reactants from the gas phase reaction.

Abstract: Vessel and support beam assembly includes a vessel having a cylindrical wall defining an interior chamber having a generally circular shape of diameter D in plan view, and a support assembly disposed within the interior chamber. The support assembly includes an inner hub defining an open central region, and a plurality of spokes extending radially from the inner hub. Each spoke is aligned radially with the cylindrical wall of the vessel and joined thereto. At least one open outer region is defined between circumferentially adjacent spokes.

Abstract: A mobile system and method that reform flare gas, methane, or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce methanol, a clean burning gasoline blend, component, and/or substitute are disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressure, then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to 600 psi, and feeds it through a methanol reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into methanol. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. Methanol is a clean burning gasoline substitute, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that was flared in North Dakota in 2014 could be converted into over 6 million tons of methanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus, which can be part of a pre-treatment system in a plant for the production of fuels, e. g. bio-ethanol, derived from plant biomass, e. g. first generation crops, such as grain, sugarcane and corn or second generation crops such as lignocellulosic biomass. The invention relates to an apparatus for processing, such as fluffing and mixing, at least two media, such as a solid, e. g. biomass, and a fluid, e. g. steam, so as to rendering the first medium susceptible to efficient receiving of energy and/or mass which is provided by localized release of the second medium. Although the description of the present invention focuses on biomass, it is envisaged that the invention is generally applicable to control the mixing of at least two media by crossing their stream of while dispersing at least one of them.