Abstract: An internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition is proposed, in which besides a main combustion chamber an ignition chamber is provided, which communicates with the main combustion chamber via a central discharge channel, which is disposed coaxially with the axis of the ignition chamber, and via additional discharge channels distributed about this discharge channel. Protruding into the coaxially disposed overflow channel is an electrode extending through the ignition chamber, this electrode being embodied as a heat pipe and forming a spark gap with the wall of the ignition chamber in the region of the overflow channel. As a result of its embodiment as a heat pipe, the electrode is protected against excessive heating and is simultaneously held to an optimal temperature.

Abstract: An electronic control system for controlling the air-fuel ratio for an internal combustion engine comprising an on-off type electromagnetic valve for correcting the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied by an air-fuel mixture supply device, a comparing circuit for comparing the output signal of a detector with a reference value, an integration circuit connected to the comparing circuit, a pulse generator, and a comparator for producing pulses for driving the on-off type electromagnetic valve from output signals of the integration circuit and of the pulse generator for controlling the air-fuel ratio to a value substantially equal to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. A first converter converts the operation of the throttle valve to an electric quantity output, a second converter converts the prevailing ambient atmospheric pressure to another electric quantity output.

Abstract: In an ignition system for internal combustion engines, reference mark signals are furnished during the rotation of a shaft of an engine. These signals are also used to compute engine speed. The microcomputer contains a storage (ROM) in which the constants required to approximate one or at the most two characteristic curves of ignition timing advance angle v. engine speed are stored. Interpolation between the one stored curve and a fixed ignition timing angle or by interpolation between the two stored characteristic curves, a family of other characteristic curves can be generated without requiring any further storage locations. The values required for the other characteristic curves are arrived at by interpolation and, preferably, by division or multiplication by factors of 2 which are accomplished by shifting numbers in a register. After the required values have been computed, they are counted down in a counter which, when it reaches a reference value causes the ignition timing signal to be generated.

Abstract: A system for feedback control of air/fuel ratio in an IC engine, utilizing an oxygen-sensitive device which is provided with a heater and disposed in exhaust gas to provide a feedback signal. This device has a porous solid electrolyte layer with an outer electrode layer on one side and an inner electrode on the other side facing a substrate. There is a circuit to supply a heating current to the heater and also force a DC current to flow in the solid electrolyte layer to cause migration of oxygen ions therethrough toward the inner electrode to thereby establish a reference oxygen partial pressure on the inner side of the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-cycle, internal combustion engine including an engine block, and a cylinder in the engine block having a head and generally opposed inlet and outlet walls respectively including at least one intake port through which a fresh charge is admitted into the cylinder and at least one outlet port through which exhaust gases are exhausted from the cylinder. A piston is mounted for reciprocative movement inside the cylinder between a first position spaced from the cylinder head wherein the intake port is uncovered, a top dead center position, and a third position wherein the piston approaches the top dead center position. The piston has a top, an inlet face portion which periodically covers and uncovers the intake port and an outlet face portion which periodically covers and uncovers the outlet port. The piston and cylinder have a configuration causing increased swirling of the fresh charge in the cylinder as the piston moves from the third position to the top dead center position.

Abstract: An ingition system for internal combustion engines has dwell angle control apparatus for controlling the switching times of an electronic switch (21) in the primary circuit of an ignition coil (22) in dependence on the signals of a rotating sensor (10) or an ignition computer (11). Specifically, speed dependent counting values are periodically generated in a counting apparatus (13) each being counted down in a further counting apparatus (14) controlled by an edge of the sensed signal or a computed signal. Upon reaching a presettable triggering counting value, the electronic switch (21) is closed (start of dwell period). This triggering value is set by periodic up and down counting processes in a control counter (17) the upwards counting being constant with respect to time and the count-down process being determined by the length of time of current flow above a settable current value through the ignition coil (23).

Abstract: An engine controlling device includes an operating circuit (3) supplied with output signal of a knocking sensor (1) to generate a control signal which is used to effect an optimum control of at least one of ignition timing, exhaust gas recirculation flow rate, fuel injection quantity and fuel injection timing, to optimize combustion state of the engine. The device is further provided with an acceleration detector (5) whose output signal is supplied to the operating circuit (3) to generate a forced control signal during the accelerating condition of the engine regardless of the control signal derived from the knocking sensor (1). The forced control signal is used to control at least one of the above-mentioned control variables, and eliminates adverse influence of delay time in the control device to enable optimization of the combustion state even during a sudden acceleration.

Abstract: An ignition timing control apparatus for internal combustion engines is constructed to retard or advance the spark time of an engine when a knocking detector in the ignition timing control apparatus detects the occurrence or non-occurrence of knocking in the engine, respectively, and to retard the spark time by a predetermined angular value irrespective of an output signal from the knocking detector when a failure occurring in the knocking detector has been detected. Further, the ignition timing control apparatus may comprise alarm means which is actuated when a failure occurring in the knocking detector has been detected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is proposed for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio of the operating mixture of internal combustion engines, in which a threshold-current sensor of known structure is used. By means of varying the measurement voltage present at the threshold-current sensor by voltage amounts which correspond to a change in oxygen concentration to be expected in association with a change in operational state, the time behavior of the threshold-current sensor, which is essentially sluggish, is compensated for and it becomes possible to use it for rapidly-functioning closed-loop control systems in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A system for energizing a fuel injector, of a fuel injected engine having a metering chamber and a two coil solenoid operatively situated thereto for permitting a controlled quantity of fuel to flow therein. The system includes a pulse generator for generating a plurality of timing and fuel metering pulse width signals in synchronism with the combustion process within a cylinder of the engine, a voltage boost circuit responsive to timing and metering pulses and means for transferring, in seriatim energy from the boost circuit to a first low inductance pull-in coil and for energizing a second high inductance hold coil.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for starting an air-compressing four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, in which the air for the combustion process is preheated in the intake system or in chambers communicating with the intake system. The air conveying engine parts are, prior to the self-sustaining operation of the engine, heated by means of the preheated intake air, while the engine during the preheating operation is driven by means of separate power and the inlet and outlet valves are controlled in conformity with the two-stroke cycle so that each upward stroke of a piston provides an exhaust stroke and every downward stroke of a piston provides an intake stroke. The shift-over of the operation of the inlet and outlet valves from two-stroke cycle operation to four-stroke cycle operation and the admission of fuel into the cylinders are effected only when the air conveying engine parts and the air charge have reached a temperature sufficient for the start of the engine.

Abstract: A hand starting mechanism for an internal combustion engine includes an axially displaceable starting shaft. The starting shaft has a one way dog coupling which couples the starting shaft to the shaft to be cranked during the starting procedure but which disengages these shafts when the engine starts running. The starting shaft also includes an outer entrainment pin which engages a claw-like frontal recess in the inner rotary part of a freewheel device during the starting procedure. Upon engine kickback, the outer entrainment pin slides over one or more ramps in the frontal recess moving the starting shaft in an axially outward direction to disengage the one way dog coupling.

Abstract: An adjustable torsion-spring slipping clutch, especially useful for tape recorders, having first and second coaxial clutch sections which are rotatable about an axis of rotation. The second clutch section includes a sleeve which has a substantially circular cylindrical shape and is adjustable in diameter. A coaxially arranged cylindrical helical torsion spring is connected to one end to the first clutch section and its turns are wrapped around the sleeve, adjustment of sleeve diameter determining the torque to be transmitted between the clutch sections.

Abstract: A fluidic diode combustion chamber for the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The chamber comprises a passageway having an entrance and an exit in fluid communication with the cylinder immediately above its piston. The passageway is shaped and designed such that during the compression stroke, the flow of working fluid from the cylinder to its passageway is predominantly into the entrance of the passageway. During the expansion stroke, the flow of working fluid from the passageway back to the cylinder is predominantly from the exit of the passageway. Means is provided for injecting fuel into the passageway for forming a fuel air mixture for ignition.

Abstract: An alcohol fuel burner and decomposer in which one stream of fuel is preheated by passing it through an electrically heated conduit to vaporize the fuel, the fuel vapor is mixed with air, the air-fuel mixture is ignited and combusted, and the combustion gases are passed in heat exchange relationship with a conduit carrying a stream of fuel to decompose the fuel forming a fuel stream containing hydrogen gas for starting internal combustion engines, the mass flow of the combustion gas being increased as it flows in heat exchange relationship with the fuel carrying conduit, is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed for driving electromagnetic devices, in particular electromagnetic injection valves in internal combustion engines. The apparatus includes a signal source for actuating pulses and is characterized in that at least one timing circuit is provided for advanced magnetization, preferably dependent on operating characteristics, of the electromagnetic device. The apparatus achieves the most linear possible relationship between the duration of the actuating pulse and, for example, the opening time of the injection valve. In this manner, the fuel quantity to be supplied to the internal combustion engine can be more precisely dosed and the operational behavior of the engine can be made optimal.

Abstract: This specification discloses an apparatus and method for controlling the air fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine in response to a signal from an exhaust gas oxygen sensor. A signal proportional to the average air fuel ratio indicated by exhaust gases is integrated to produce a control signal which governs the air fuel ratio. A feedback loop around the integrator provides for an advantageously fast time response of the controller with no over-shoot or instability.

Abstract: The disclosed ignition device for a four-cylinder engine includes an ignition unit performing the ignition function in response to ignition signals. A rotor and a stator disposed in a metallic housing to serve to generate the ignition signals include four protrusions and three protuberances respectively. By rendering the number of the protuberances smaller than that of the protrusions, a space is left in the housing. Two bearing seats are disposed in the space at the opening of the housing and the ignition unit is screwed to the bearing seats.

Abstract: In an automotive drive shaft assembly including a joint housing with a flanged, open end, there is provided according to the present invention a closure member for closing the open end, which closure member comprises a covering portion placed on the outer side face of the flange. The periphery of the covering portion is formed with a plurality of arms defining cantilever springs and the free ends of the arms are inturned to define detents engaging the inner side face of the flange. The closure member can be readily installed on the flange with a snap or resilient action to close the open end.

Abstract: A torsional vibration damper assembly to provide extended travel for the dampening effect which is achieved by the use of two concentric series of damper springs interconnected through a common housing or intermediate member. A driving plate has two or more drive tangs secured thereon, which tangs extend inwardly into the path of the outer circle of damping springs. One or more floating divider rings are journalled in the assembly and have ears projecting into the path of the springs as do outer drive straps of the intermediate member. Floating wedges or skates are located between the springs of the inner circle along with inner drive straps of the intermediate member and hub arms in the path of the inner springs; the hub being driven through the circles of springs to drive a transmission input shaft.