Abstract: 250 ?m is the standardized pitch H of the prevalent multichannel ribbonfibers. Current laser diodes and photodiodes have a size larger than 300 ?m. Curving lightpaths made on a silicon bench for reconciling the chip size with current ribbonfibers causes bending power loss, optical crosstalk and difficulty of production. Linear parallel lightpaths with a width d for more than one chip site are produced on a bench with a pitch E which is equal to the pitch H of the multichannels. Optoelectronic device chips with a width W satisfying an inequality E<W<2E?d are mounted on the lightpaths at spots which are different from neighboring chips in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: In a optical transmission device in which a surface-emitting laser and an optical fiber are coupled, a light emitting portion of the surface-emitting laser and an input end of the optical fiber are positioned with high precision. An optical-fiber supporting member is provided with an optical-fiber through hole in which an end portion of an optical fiber is inserted, and a photodiode. The through hole and the photodiode are arranged corresponding to the arrangement of two light emitting portions of a surface-emitting laser so that a center of the circular section of the through hole and the optical axis of the optical-transmission light emitting portion are off set by a predetermined amount when a center point of the photodiode and the optical axis of the reference-light emitting portion are aligned. The surface-emitting laser and the optical-fiber supporting member are coupled with the center point of the photodiode and the optical axis of the reference-light emitting portion aligned with each other.

Abstract: A method for determining a depression/protrusion, especially of a line and space pattern formed on a sample, and an apparatus therefor. A charged particle beam is scanned with its direction being inclined to the original optical axis of the charged particle beam or a sample stage is inclined, broadening of a detected signal in a line scanning direction of the charged particle beam is measured, the broadening is compared with that when the charged particle beam is scanned with its direction being parallel to the original optical axis of the charged particle beam, and a depression/protrusion of the scanned portion is determined on the basis of increase/decrease of the broadening.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes an ion detector positioned upstream of a quadrupole mass filter/analyser. Ions are passed through the quadrupole mass filter/analyser, stored in an ion trap and then passed back through the same mass filter/analyser before being detected by the upstream ion detector. With this arrangement, MS/MS experiments can be performed using an apparatus having only a single mass filter/analyser.

Abstract: Ion transfer assemblies and methods for directing ions from an ionization source to a mass analyzer. A first partition element separates a viscous flow region from a transition flow region. A second partition element separates the transition flow region into a first transition flow chamber and a second transition flow chamber. A focusing element defines a cavity shaped to direct a portion of a gas flow including ions entrained in a background gas from a first aperture in the first partition element towards a second aperture in the second partition element based on gas dynamics. The cavity is shaped to direct the gas flow without requiring the application of external electrostatic fields. Vents or slits can be provided in or between the first partition element and the focusing element to provide for expansion of the gas flow in the transition flow region.

Abstract: An ion beam supplied from a source is modulated so the ions at a constant flux is deflected by different amounts during two different types of deflection time periods according to a binary sequence, in order to encode the ion beam with phase information of the sequence. The binary sequence is such that ions released during two consecutive time periods of the same type overlap before reaching a detector, thereby increasing the duty cycle. The detector output signal is demodulated using the phase information of the binary sequence to recover an ion mass spectrum.

Abstract: An inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer is equipped with a multidimensional detector system wherein ions transmitted by the mass spectrometer are detected.

Abstract: A microscale cylindrical ion trap, having an inner radius of order one micron, can be fabricated using surface micromachining techniques and materials known to the integrated circuits manufacturing and microelectromechanical systems industries. Micromachining methods enable batch fabrication, reduced manufacturing costs, dimensional and positional precision, and monolithic integration of massive arrays of ion traps with microscale ion generation and detection devices. Massive arraying enables the microscale cylindrical ion trap to retain the resolution, sensitivity, and mass range advantages necessary for high chemical selectivity. The microscale CIT has a reduced ion mean free path, allowing operation at higher pressures with less expensive and less bulky vacuum pumping system, and with lower battery power than conventional- and miniature-sized ion traps.

Abstract: An optical element 1 comprises an optical substrate having a lens 2, projections 4a and 4b, and a handle 6. The lens 2 is provided to the roughly rectangular handle 6 at a predetermined position thereon, while the projections 4a and 4b are provided to the handle 6 at the respective positions separate from the lens 2 by a predetermined distance and each have a semi-cylindrical shape that extends from a bottom of the handle 6. An overall size of an arc shape of each of the projections 4a and 4b is equal to an overall size of an optical fiber with which the optical element 1 is to be coupled optically. When mounting the optical element 1 on a support substrate having a mounting groove therein, the projections 4a and 4b butt against the mounting groove, thereby positioning the optical element 1 in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis.

Abstract: An EUV radiation source that creates a stable solid target filament. The source includes a nozzle assembly having a condenser chamber for cryogenically cooling a gaseous target material into a liquid state. The liquid target material is forced through an orifice of a target filament generator into an evaporation chamber as a liquid target stream. The evaporation chamber has a higher pressure than a vacuum process chamber of the source to allow the liquid target material to freeze into a target filament in a stable manner. The frozen target filament is emitted from the evaporation chamber into the process chamber as a stable target filament towards a target area. The higher pressure in the evaporation chamber can be the result of the evaporative cooling of the target material alone or in combination with a supplemental gas.

Abstract: A device for generating lighting effects, the device comprises a light modulating component which is formed from an optically transmissive material and has a multi-faceted surface and also a means for rotating the light modulator in use. The device further comprises a light source, which is positioned such that the light passes through the light modulating component to illuminate a light receiving surface. This, in turn, produces an optical illumination effect.

Abstract: A balanced momentum probe holder in an apparatus for characterizing a sample surface has first and second members each having extensible and retractable distal ends. The distal ends extend or retract substantially simultaneously in response to a signal from a detector thus balancing the momentums of the first and second members and reducing the net momentum of the probe holder to essentially zero. Balancing the momentum of the probe holder reduces parasitic oscillations in the apparatus thus enhancing performance.

Abstract: A cutting machine equipped with a cassette placing unit having a cassette table for placing a cassette storing a workpiece supported to an annular support frame via an adhesive tape. The cassette placing unit comprises an ultraviolet light irradiation unit which is disposed below the cassette table, stores a workpiece supported to the support frame by the adhesive tape and irradiates the adhesive tape with ultraviolet rays and an ascending and descending mechanism which positions the cassette placed on the cassette table at a first workpiece carrying-in/carrying-out position which is located in the carrying-in/carrying-out area for the workpiece carrying-in/carrying-out means and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit at a second workpiece carrying-in/carrying-out position which is located in the carrying-in/carrying-out area for the workpiece carrying-in/carrying-out means.

Abstract: In an ion trap mass spectrometer including an ion trap space surrounded by a ring electrode and two end cap electrodes placed opposite each other with the ring electrode between them, a method of trapping object ions of a predetermined mass-to-charge ratio in the ion trap space more assuredly and effectively. The method includes the steps of: applying an RF voltage to the ring electrode to trap the object ions; and applying an auxiliary AC voltage to the end cap electrodes, where the auxiliary voltage has a frequency spectrum with a first notch at the basic frequency of the object ions and a second notch at a a beat frequency. Then the second stage is performed where another auxiliary AC voltage of the beat frequency is applied to the end cap electrodes to expel non-object ions still remaining in the ion trap space.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed that provide effective utilization of light beams produced from multiple EUV-light sources, especially such sources that have been bundled. An embodiment of an EUV-source device comprises multiple individual EUV-light sources each providing a respective point-light source of EUV radiation propagating as a respective beam from each point-light source. A reflective focusing-optical system is situated downstream of the EUV-light sources, and is configured to focus the beams from the point-light sources at a focus point. A variable-angle mirror is situated downstream of the focusing-optical system and is configured to reflect light of the respective beams from the point-light sources that has been reflected by the focusing-optical system. A mirror-tilting mechanism is coupled to the variable-angle mirror. The mechanism, when activated, tilts the mirror by a respective angle corresponding to the particular beam from one of the point-light sources that is incident on the mirror.

Abstract: The present invention provides materials suitable for use as secondary coatings of optical fibers. According to one embodiment of the invention, a curable composition includes an oligomer and at least one monomer, which when cured forms a cured polymeric material having a Young's modulus of at least about 1200 MPa, and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.7 MPa·m1/2. According to another embodiment of the invention, a coated optical fiber includes an optical fiber; a primary coating encapsulating the optical fiber; and a secondary coating encapsulating the primary coating, the secondary coating having a Young's modulus of at least about 1200 MPa, and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.7 MPa·m1/2.

Abstract: A system of integrating electronic and optical functions includes an electronic chip that also includes monolithic IC electronics for performing electronic functions. Furthermore, the electronic chip includes a plurality of solder bumps for receiving input for processing. An optical chip receives an optical signal and performs optical functions on the signal, and outputs electrical signals indicative of the optical functions performed on the signal. Moreover, the optical chip includes a plurality of solder bumps for sending the electrical signals as input to the electronic chip. The solder bumps of the electronic chip and optical chip are bonded to together so that a hybrid integration is formed that separates the yield of the optical and electrical circuits forming the electronic and optical chip.

Abstract: A laser-plasma, EUV radiation source (10) that controls the target droplet delivery rate so that successive target droplets (66, 72) are not affected by the ionization of a preceding target droplet. A source nozzle (50) of the source (10) has an orifice (56) of a predetermined size that allows the droplets (54) to be emitted at a rate set by the target materials natural Rayleigh instability break-up frequency as generated by a piezoelectric transducer (58). The rate of the droplet generation is determined by these factors in connection with the pulse frequency of the excitation laser (14) so that buffer droplets (70) are delivered between the target droplets (66, 72). The buffer droplets (70) act to absorb radiation generated from the ionized target droplet (66) so that the next target droplet (72) is not affected.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer having a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source which operates at ambient pressure is disclosed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for ensuring a uniform orientation of liquid crystal molecules of an alignment layer by irradiation with ion beams. An apparatus of the present invention comprises a grid 11a having a plurality of ion ejection holes 30 of various sizes. The size of the ion ejection hole 30 varies depending on an ion density. The size of the ion ejection hole 30 increases with decrease in the ion density.