Abstract: Bus bars for connecting arc furnance electrodes to a transformer include pairs of flat, rectangular, hollow, conductive members having side surfaces substantially greater in length than the end surfaces. One side surfaces of the bus bar of each pair are disposed in a parallel, closely proximate relation with respect to the other and a sheet of insulating material disposed between said surfaces. The bus bars of each pair are connected to transformer terminals having different polarities. The bus bar pairs are arranged in a closely spaced parallel relation.

Abstract: A feeding electrode of a heating means is a hollow cylinder with an open lower end, and is mounted on a frame. An arc-generating electrode is also mounted on the frame, and is disposed inside the feeding electrode. The lower end of the feeding electrode is immersed in a molten metal pool contained in a ladle. An electric arc struck between the arc-generating electrode and the molten metal pool inside the feeding electrode heats the molten metal pool.

Abstract: A furnace roof for an electric arc furnace which is divided into several blocks so that local damage, if any, of the furnace roof can be repaired easily by replacing a block which has been damaged with a new spare one, without taking down the whole furnace roof for repairs.

Abstract: The threads at the ends of a nipple for joining two electrode sections are chamfered, or chamfering is incorporated on the threads at the base of the electrode sockets, to provide increased flexural strength and thermal shock resistance for an electrode joint formed therefrom.

Abstract: Electric furnace roof comprising key-arch-wedge refractory shapes contained in adjacent concentric rings within a roof band, expansion allowance means disposed between brick in both the radial and circumferential direction and spacer means disposed between brick in at least the radial direction.

Abstract: An electrode for electroslag remelting is provided by combination of an ingot having a toe end with an essentially flat outer annular surface and a central protrusion together with a current-carrying stub bridging across the central protrusion and welded to the flat portion of the ingot toe end on opposite sides of the protrusion such that metal wastage and surface preparation costs for stub-to-ingot welding are avoided.

Abstract: An arc heater system for producing high purity silicon characterized by the use of an arc heater into which a silicon halide is injected together with a liquid metal reductant, such as an alkali metal, which are reacted together by projecting them into a reaction chamber to cause the formation of liquid silicon, and the walls containing the system being provided with cooling jacket means for preliminarily heating the reactants.

Abstract: A pressure roll for use in a roll fuser for fixing toner images to copy sheets by the application of heat and pressure, is described. The roll is characterized by a rigid core covered with a relatively thick layer of organic rubber with a relatively thinner sleeve or layer of material acting as an air barrier to the organic rubber to prevent oxidative degradation. The organic rubbers are characterized by small compression deflection decreases even after exposure to high temperatures, under pressure for prolonged periods of time.

Abstract: An arc furnace has an arcing electrode through which a feeding passage is formed for feeding metal oxide particles through an arc and to a melt in the furnace. The arc is powered by DC power with the electrode cathodic and the melt anodic. Carbon is fed as required to reduce the oxides. Electric currents passing through the melt and the arc to the electrode are capable of causing magnetic forces forcing the arc to acquire an angular deflection in a downward direction away from alignment with the electrode's outer periphery and towards the side wall of the furnace in one direction subst antially continuously, during continuous operation of the furnace. Means are provided for electromagnetically causing the arc to continuously rotate, with its deflection, around the electrode.

Abstract: A method for continuously reclaiming used active carbon particles by application of an electrical current to electrodes having a plurality of apertures of a defined size and which are vertically spaced in a vertical column through which the used particles flow downwardly, filling the space between the electrodes.

Abstract: A power control system to distribute the electrical energy being supplied to a glass melting furnace of the vertically oriented type wherein raw glass batch is fed at the top level of the melting chamber and molten glass withdrawn at the bottom level of said chamber. Specifically, the present control system supplies electrical power to three sets of electrodes located at different elevation levels in the melting chamber so that when power is increased to the intermediate level electrodes, there is a decrease in power applied to the top level electrodes while a constant power ratio is maintained between the intermediate and bottom level electrodes. Said control system can further include cooperative electrode heating means to refine the molten glass being continuously withdrawn from the bottom of the melting chamber in a separate refining chamber connected thereto.

Abstract: An electric smelting furnace in which a hollow electrode with the wall thickness depending upon the depth of current penetration is disposed vertically within the furnace and spaced by a desirable distance from the furnace bottom, and the top of the hollow electrode is connected to a duct for discharging the furnace off-gases and charging the raw materials into the furnace after they are preheated by the furnace off-bases in the duct and prereduced in the hollow electrode.

Abstract: An electric heating element for electric resistance furnace comprises a plurality of heater frames which consist of conductive strip material having a sectional shape selected from leg angle-section, channel-section, lip-section, T-section, U-section, V-section, I-section, H-section, Z-section, and W-section and having electric resistance. The heater frames have a configuration coinciding with a sectional shape of an inner wall of a heating chamber of the furnace, and are made and arranged to have an opening portion. Conductive connecting rods are adapted to connect both ends of each of said heater frames to alternatively adjacent ends of adjacent heater frames so as to constitute a single wire resistance body of said heater frames, and a conductive rod connected with one end of said wire resistance body is arranged to pass through said opening portion of said heater frames and facing a power source terminal together with the other end of said wire resistance body.

Abstract: An electric furnace roof having spaced-apart, inner and outer, cooling-fluid-circulating refractory tile or block-carrying metal ring structures is provided with an upwardly offset, outwardly extending, roof ledge segment which, with an aligned, cooperating furnace side wall segment defines a smoke hole open portion to the furnace. The side wall segment of the furnace wall, with the roof segment, also provides an inner smoke chest that is open to the smoke hole portion, and has an upwardly enlarged funnel shape, and is metal reinforced. The roof segment is provided with a cooling water circulating loop system which may be independent of cooling means supplying inner and outer, radially spaced-apart, metal ring structures of the roof. The roof is adapted to be raised and lowered as a unit in a conventional manner with respect to the furnace wall and to be swung to one side thereof for scrap-charging and maintenance purposes.

Abstract: A replaceable graphite electrode tip is detachably connected with the lower end of a metal tube, the upper end of which is rigidly connected to electrical conducting means for supporting the tube from a holder in an electric arc furnace. The tube is protected from the heat of the furnace by refractory material forming a sleeve extending upwardly around the tube from the graphite tip.

Abstract: A plant for electroslag remelting of metals and alloys, comprising a cooled mould mounted on a cooled base plate where a slag bath is arranged. Introduced into said slag bath is one end of a consumable electrode, its other end being connected to one of the poles of a current supply source. The plant has at least one non-consumable electrode that is connected to the other pole of the current supply source in series with the consumable electrode. A method of electroslag remelting of metals and alloys in which an electric current is passed through the consumable electrode the slag bath and the non-consumable electrode during the remelting process.

Abstract: A DC arc furnace melt electrode is formed by a metal bar encased by a refractory encasement forming a passage containing the bar with the latter having an inner end and maintained molten by the melt and an outer end for an electrical connection and maintained solid by cooling. Granules of refractory having higher density than the melt and molten electrode end are submerged in this end to prevent or retard any flow of the molten metal, for the purpose of reducing convection heating of the molten electrode end by the melt in the furnace hearth.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for imagewise controlling the flow of ions from a source toward an electrostatic image-bearing member utilize a predeterminedly electrically-biased slit means located between the ion source and the member. A portion of the slit means is maintained at a potential intermediate the image and background portions of the electrostatic image and so that ion flow toward the member is controlled in accordance with the image thereon. A substantially neutrally-charged mist is introduced between the slit means and the image-bearing member and charged and attracted to the member in accordance with the image.

Abstract: A furnace for melting thermoplastic material, such as glass, includes a vertical furnace with electrodes at different levels immersed to different depths in the molten material. The convection currents and size, shape and stability of the fusion zone are controlled by changing the amount of power and the depth of immersion of the electrodes at different levels. For example, the electrodes in one of the lower tiers extend closer to the center of the furnace to produce a central upward convection current, to prevent an unstable fusion zone due to temperature gradients from wall to center, and to decrease the temperature near the furnace wall. For glasses with steep temperature-resistivity relationships and/or high infra-red absorption characteristics, the advantages of using differently immersed electrodes are even more significant.

Abstract: A record processor employing a novel developing system, toner module and method in which a quantity of toner fluid is held adjacent to an electrostatic latent image on a film, in a substantially quiescent state, for a sufficiently long period to insure migration and adherence of toner particles to the image, is disclosed, wherein a set small quantity of fluid is drawn into a development chamber formed adjacent to the film which chamber is sized and shaped so as to facilitate the fluid reaching a relatively quiescent state quickly and which fluid is held in the chamber by a natural meniscus dam at a sharp edge formed across the flow path of the toner.