Abstract: A sensor for detecting the presence of thermally ionizable particles and vapors is disclosed. The sensor comprises an ionizer for supplying sufficient heat to thermally ionize the particles to be detected. The ionized particles are then caused to flow between the ionizer and an anode by impressing an electrical potential between the ionizer and the anode. The magnitude of the ion current is indicative of the concentration of the particles of vapors to be detected. The sensor is particularly useful in detecting alkali vapors and other particles, for example sodium, which may be easily thermally ionized. In most applications it is contemplated that the sensor will serve as a detector for alkali vapors and particles present in a gaseous atmosphere. Specifically it will serve as a detector for locating leaks in components of the fast breeder nuclear reactor system which employs sodium as a heat exchanger fluid.

Abstract: The frequency of a laser beam can be changed by directing the laser beam through a crystal that has paraelectric and ferroelectric states, above and below a Curie transition temperature, respectively. The crystal is maintained at a constant temperature slightly above its Curie transition temperature when no change in the frequency of the laser beam is desired; and a voltage is applied across the crystal to drive it from its paraelectric into its ferroelectric state when a relatively large change in the frequency of the laser beam is desired.

Abstract: A display device comrising a panel structure including a plurality of gas-filled cells and including, within the body of the panel, gas communication channels extending between selected cells to provide a selective flow of excited gaseous particles from certain cells to others to prime the receiving cells and thereby control the transfer of glow between the cells.

Abstract: A controllable evaporation source of parent metal species, produced either from a volatile metal or a metal halide, and under some circumstances a chemical getter sink in a sealed RF excited discharge. This discharge occurs in a second, extremely pure gas which is present in great excess over the gas produced by evaporization which may be followed by chemical decomposition. Excitation of species whose emission is desired occurs by electron impact or energy transfer from the major species which are in turn, excited by the electron impact.

Abstract: A linear particle accelerator which provides a pulsed beam of charged particles of uniform energy. The accelerator is in the form of an evacuated dielectric tube, inside of which a particle source is located at one end of the tube, with a target or window located at the other end of the dielectric tube. Along the length of the tube are externally located pairs of metal plates, each insulated from each other in an insulated housing. Each of the plates of a pair are connected to an electrical source of voltage of opposed polarity, with the polarity of the voltage of the plates oriented so that the plate of a pair, nearer to the particle source, is of the opposed polarity to the charge of the particle emitted by the source. Thus, a first plate about the tube located nearest the particle source, attracts a particle which as it passes through the tube past the first plate is then repelled by the reverse polarity of the second plate of the pair to continue moving towards the target.

Abstract: The low-cost lighting control apparatus for high-pressure discharge lamps utilizing an ON-OFF photocoupler to provide isolation between the relatively high voltage AC supplied to the lamp load and the relatively low voltage DC control circuitry. Preferably, the apparatus is current-feedback stabilized utilizing a feedback resistor.

Abstract: A UV source comprising an arc lamp containing deuterium gas at an initial fill pressure in excess of that at which peak UV light intensity occurs, thereby extending the useful life of the lamp.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a charged particle accelerator comprising a high-voltage generator built around a transformer whose primary winding is arranged coaxially inside a sleeve-like magnetic circuit, the secondary winding of said transformer being a sectional winding. Each coil of the secondary winding is connected to one of seriesly connected diode-capacitor rectifier circuits. An accelerator tube is connected to the high-voltage generator. The accelerator tube and the diode-capacitor rectifier circuits are located within the secondary winding of the transformer. The proposed accelerator is small in size, simple in design and easy to manufacture. It is provided with overvoltage protection means to take care of breakdowns and transient processes.

Abstract: A method of analyzing and apparatus for analyzing materials comprising subjecting a sample of the material to a non-homogeneous magnetic field having a predetermined time-dependency with respect to the sample such that a localized volume of the sample is subjected to a field the time dependent variation of which is unique with respect to the remainder of the sample. The sample is irradiated with radio-frequency energy to cause gyromagnetic resonance in the sample, and electrical energy produced by gyromagnetic resonance in the localized volume is measured.

Abstract: The mercury-vapor pressure within an operating fluorescent lamp is regulated by several discrete bodies or bits of a suitable amalgamative metal (such as an indium-tin alloy in the form of pellets) that are anchored at fixed sites within the lamp during the manufacture thereof. Emplacement of the metal pellets is achieved by dropping them into the open upper end of the envelope while the circumferential seal of fused glass which joins the stem to the opposite end of the envelope is still hot and "tacky" as a result of the sealing-in operation. The metal pellets automatically fall toward and contact the newly-formed circumferential seal and remain fused and bonded to its surface after the glass cools and rigidifies.

Abstract: Metallic halide high-pressure gas discharge lamp whose filling contains elementary arsenic during operation.

Abstract: A cell for the measurement of electrical conductivity of liquids by the principle of the four electrode measuring technique in which two current electrodes are spaced from one another and voltage electrodes provide a voltage tap-off. The voltage electrodes include at least two voltage electrodes associated with each current electrode and electrically connected in parallel. The at least two voltage electrodes are disposed along an equipotential line around a current electrode at positions on the equipotential line which exhibit low current density.

Abstract: Circuit testing apparatus includes a pulse oscillator providing clock pulses, a binary counter for counting the clock pulses to successively generate binary numbers, and a translator which translates the successive binary numbers into a series of test patterns. The test patterns include a series of input bit patterns used to energize the input leads of an electronic logic circuit under test and a series of output binary digits, each of which corresponds to the respective one of the input patterns. Each of the binary digits is compared with an output from the logic circuit under test. When the circuit tested is not functioning as prescribed for a particular set of input pattern, a noncoincidence signal will be produced to disable the binary counter in order to permit the test operator to register the test mode in which the trouble occurred. The binary counter may be enabled manually after registration to complete the prescribed number of tests.

Abstract: An analog signal processor that is particularly suitable for measuring, igrating and holding a single or a pair of analog signals. The input signal to the analog signal processor may be sinusoidal of relatively low frequency and of low signal strength and slowly varying phase such as may be obtained from a pair of capacitive plates used in electric field measuring devices. The analog signal processor includes an analog current to voltage convertor, a synchronous rectifier and an integrate and hold circuit. In practice the analog signal processor may be mounted on a rotating shaft and converts the very low differentially alternating current input to a proportional d.c. voltage output. The analog signal processor includes timing and switching circuits to provide the desired information about vertical, horizontal and inclined electric fields.

Abstract: A broadband Impatt diode amplifier for microstrip includes a two-section quarter wavelength impedance transformer. Since the width of one transformer section exceeds a half wavelength, spurious mode resonance is suppressed using a longitudinal slot with an absorbing resistor or by offsetting the transformer sections. A compact configuration combines the power of two microwave diodes over a broad frequency range.

Abstract: A monolitic transistor amplifier includes a negative feedback network between the output stage and an input stage. The network comprises one or more resistive voltage divider L-link with shunt elements which have a higher temperature coefficient than its series elements. The shunt elements have resistors which are in close thermal contact with the output transistor causing the negative feedback to increase with the current passing the output transistor. The shunt resistors are formed in the collector diffusion giving them a temperature coefficient of 3.5%/.degree. C.

Abstract: For measuring the load current in a static convertor, there are provided a direct current measuring device on the direct current side of the convertor and an alternating current measuring device on the alternating current side. These measuring devices are connected by a dominance coupling arrangement to the output side of the measuring device. There the signal is fed to a control pulse transducer, which controls the convertor in accordance with the greatest of the signals fed by the measuring device.

Abstract: An optical oil monitor that measures particle contamination in oil by passing light through an oil sample and picking up the light that is scattered at 90.degree. by the particle contamination and measures chemical breakdown by the attenuation of the light passing substantially straight through the oil with a second sensor. Alternately a sample and a reference are passed between the light responsive sensors for error correction and calibration so that each sensor will have an output signal alternating between a sample signal and a reference signal. A control signal of the same frequency is provided in combination with a plurality of gates to separate the sample and reference signals. The attenuation reference signal is compared to a standard signal to produce an error output for regulating the intensity of the light source to compensate for power source fluctuations, lamp characteristic changes, window soiling and the like.

Abstract: An improved x-ray tube uses the principle that sharp points emit electrons when subjected to sufficient electric fields enabling precision x-ray emission. A new oxide-metal composite material allows a uniform array of millions of electron emitting fibers to direct electrons toward a target anode. This emitting array allows intense bombardment of the tube target without the use of a thermal emitter.

Abstract: The present method provides for the use as criterion the coefficient m of a deviation of the actual current-voltage characteristic of the p-n junction of a semiconductor device or integrated circuit under test obtained by applying a varying current in the forward direction through a p-n junction. The form of a current variation is chosen such that if the p-n junction has an ideal current-voltage characteristic ##EQU1## the current variation causes constant voltage increments through the p-n junction over the entire range of current values I. It means that for a p-n junction with an actual current-voltage characteristic ##EQU2## the increments obtained will be constant and proportional to the coefficient m. The apparatus for effecting the present method comprises at least two current generators controlled by a current controller, ensuring interrelated currents at their outputs. The current controller ensures that relative variations of each of the currents are equal.