Abstract: In a photoresist pattern formation by exposure using first and second photomasks, the first photomask has a transparent part, a rectangular opaque part having a first pair of sides and a second pair of sides, and a phase shifter, having a first edge crossing one of the first pair of sides, so that a part of the first edge is in the transparent part, and the second photomask has a transparent part, a rectangular opaque part corresponding to the rectangular opaque part of the first photomask, and a stripe-shaped opaque part corresponding to the first part of the first edge of the phase shifter. The rectangular opaque part of the first photomask is expanded in the direction of the first pair of sides, while the rectangular opaque part of the second photomask is expanded in the direction the second pair of sides. The amount of expansion is preferably not smaller than a misalignment tolerance.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing three dimensional objects by irradiating uncured photopolymeric material to solidify at least portions of the photopolymeric material, the apparatus being adapted to be used with film material which does not substantially interfere with transmission of radiation therethrough, the apparatus comprising: a tank adapted to contain liquid photopolymeric material, the liquid photopolymeric material in the tank defining an upper generally horizontal surface; a selectively operable source of radiation for solidifying the liquid photopolymeric material in the tank; and structure for smoothing the upper generally horizontal surface of the liquid photopolymeric material in the tank while moving from a first position on one side of the tank to a second position on another side of the tank, and for simultaneously laying a sheet of the film material onto the liquid photopolymeric material while moving from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: Process for producing a flexible polyurethane foam through reaction of a polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of an amine catalyst, a blowing agent, and a foam stabilizer, the amine catalyst comprising at least one of the imidazoles represented by the general formula below: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, dimethylaminopropyl, benzyl, vinyl, or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbons; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, allyl, benzyl, or phenyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are respectively hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, or hydroxymethyl.

Abstract: Free radical-curable halogenated polyethylene polymer compositions, which are crosslinked with the aid of a crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of calcium diacrylate and calcium dimethacylate coagents and, optionally an alkyl aminoalkyl phenol vulcanization inhibitor, are provided. The compositions of the invention yield cured rubber articles with markedly improved tensile strength and scorch resistance. Processes for producing a cured rubber article from the disclosed free radical-curable elastomeric compositions and cured compositions prepared from such curable compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Trisphenol PA tricyanate, prepolymers and crosslinked polymers thereof are provided. Blends of trifunctional cyanates and fluorinated or non-fluorinated difunctional cyanate are provided. The crosslinked polymers exhibit low dielectric loss properties and high glass transition temperatures and are suitable as the matrix material for structural composites including printed circuit boards.

Abstract: A negative photosensitive composition comprising an alkali-soluble resin, a photo-acid-generating material and a crosslinking agent for the alkali-soluble resin, which acts under an acidic condition, wherein the crosslinking agent is a compound of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of A.sup.1 to A.sup.10 which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom, --CH.sub.2 OH or --CH.sub.2 OR, wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 linear or branched chain alkyl, and X is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 linear or branched chain alkylene, provided that at least four among A.sup.1 to A.sup.10 are --CH.sub.2 OR, and a plurality of --CH.sub.2 OR may be the same or different.

Abstract: A thermoplastic silicon-containing polymer, which may be a precursor of SiC, and which can be transformed to a thermosetting polymer by copolymerizing it with a thermosetting perhydropolysilazane or polyborosilazane.

Abstract: Rigid urea-modified polyisocyanurate foams with improved dimensional stability and flame retardancy have densities of 0.5-20 p.c.f., a limiting oxygen index greater than 22 and dimensional changes at 100% R.H. and 70.degree. C. of less than 2% in any linear dimension and a method of making same. The method comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate, a blowing agent and an N,N'-dialkyl aromatic diamine in the presence of a trimerization catalyst and, if water is used as the blowing agent, a blowing catalyst, wherein the N,N'-dialkyl aromatic diamine and an amine produced by water, if used, constitute the sole sources of active hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to quaternary .beta.-hydroxy-alkyl-ammonium halides and quaternary .beta.-hydroxy-cycloalkylammonium halides, which are liquid at temperatures lower than 60.degree. C., are easily and rapidly miscible in liquid epoxides, as well as in liquid poly-isocianates, generating liquid compositions which spontaneously polymerize, with fast polymerization rate, already at temperatures comprised within the range of from 0.degree. C. to 60.degree. C., yielding a solid, insoluble polymeric material endowed with very high values of softening temperature.

Abstract: A negative photosensitive composition comprising (a-1) a compound having at least two organic groups of the following formula (I):--OCH.sub.2 OR.sup.1 (I)wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, in its molecule and an alkali-soluble resin, or (a-2) an alkali-soluble resin having at least two organic groups of the above formula (I) in its molecule, and (b) a photo-acid-generating material.

Abstract: Compounds having repeating units of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, or arylenebisalkyl group, in which one or more aliphatic CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by oxygen or sulfur atoms,R.sup.2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or aryloxyalkyl radical,R.sup.3 is an alkyl or aryl radical,X is --CO--, --O--CO-- or --NH--CO--, andn is an integer greater than 1, especially from 3 to 50.are cleavable by acid and, in combination with photolytic acid donors and alkali-soluble binders, are constituents of positive-working mixtures which are used especially in recording materials for UV radiation and high-energy radiation. The materials are distinguished by a high resolution in conjunction with high image contrast.

Abstract: Pressurized liquid solvent is dispensed on specific areas of a semiconductor wafer. A vented accumulator removes bubbles introduced by an upstream needle valve. The accumulator outlet leads directly to a dispensing tip, without further pressure drop.

Abstract: The invention provides a core-shell polymer which comprises (a) a core phase having carboxyl groups on surface part of the core and (b) a shell phase which is a glassy polymer containing neither functional groups reactive to the the carboxyl group nor functional groups reactive to the amino group, wherein the toluene-soluble fraction is not higher than 10% by weight based on the whole core-shell polymer; polyamide resin compositions comprising said core-shell polymer; and molded articles produced by molding said compositions.Impact strength of the resin composition or its molded articles was improved by using the core-shell polymer.

Abstract: A stabilizer for bitumen-polymer compositions. Polyethylene-bitumen compositions having the polyethylene component dispersed throughout the solution and stabilized against gross phase separation are described. A method for preparation of the stabilizer includes vulcanization of a bitumen and amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile). Carboxylated polyethylene is coupled with the vulcanization product to obtain the stabilizer. Polyethylene dispersed in bitumen containing the stabilizer does not undergo gross phase separation and droplets in the 1 to 5 micron range are observed microscopically.

Abstract: A molding composition containing, based on the total weight of the composition:A) at least 40% by weight of at least one halogen-free polycarbonate;B) 5-40% by weight of at least one halogen-free graft copolymer composed of;1) 40-80% by weight of an elastomer with a glass transition temperature below 0.degree. C., which elastomer is composed of, at least 50% by weight of a diene or of an at least C.sub.4 -alkyl acrylate, 1-40% by weight of a halogen-free phosphorus compound of the formula ##STR1## 2) 20-60% by weight of a shell composed of, 40-98% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-60% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile and/or maleic anhydride;C) 5-40% by weight of a halogen-free thermoplastic copolymer composed of, 50-95% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of 3- and/or 4-substituted pyrrolidine catalysts corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and Y have the meanings described for formula (I) and to use of such catalysts in the polyisocyanate polyaddition process.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of scrap polyurethane polymer in the form of a polyol, and the use of said polyol to prepare a fresh polyurethane polymer. Said process involves thermally treating scrap polyurethane at an elevated temperature with a liquid mixture which consists of an alkanolamine and a metal hydroxide and subsequently reacting the resulting intermediate product with an alkylene oxide comprising propylene oxide to obtain polyol. The recovery process is characterized in that the weight ratio of scrap polyurethane to liquid mixture is from at least 12:1, and the liquid mixture contains the alkanolamine in from about 70 to about 95 weight percent. The recovered polyol can be used to prepare fresh polyurethane foam that exhibits enhanced physical properties at a reduced isocyanate consumption compared to similar foam prepared in the absence of any recovered polyol.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tube prepared by the process comprising the steps of (1) blending polymer composition comprising (A) ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and greater than 0.

Abstract: Graft polymerizates on the basis of acrylates and methacrylates, comprise one or more graft monomers of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sub.1 stands for a hydrocarbon group having 2-24 carbon atoms and a base polymer of which 55-100 wt. % is synthesized from one or more monomers of the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 stands for a hydrocarbon group having 2-24 carbon atoms, provided that the groups R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 exhibit Van-der-Waals volumes which differ by less than 30%, and that at least 10 wt. % based on the total monomers of formula (I) are grafted on the base polymer.

Abstract: Phenoxy resins are disclosed which are prepared from polyglycidyl amines containing one or more mesogenic moieties. The phenoxy resins are useful in the preparation of coatings.