Abstract: A converter having electrically heatable strips connected in an electrical circuit, and intertwined with non-electricvally heated thin metal strips, having an electrical connection, or anchor, from the electrically heatable thin metal strips to the non-electrically heated thin metal strips, whereby the potential difference between the electrically heatable strips non-electrically heatable thin metal strips is reduced.

Abstract: A carburetor anti-icing apparatus and method for a marine drive is provided for heating a carburetor to a temperature above that at which ice may form in the idle and progression circuits of the carburetor. Several heaters, heat sources, and methods are disclosed for heating the carburetor. In one embodiment an electrical heating element is mounted to the carburetor body near the fuel orifices which make up the idle and progression circuits. In another embodiment, engine cooling water is circulated through a heater housing mounted to the carburetor body. In yet a further embodiment, engine exhaust from the marine drive is conveyed through the heater housing mounted to the carburetor body. A thermally conductive gasket is used to improve heat transfer. The carburetor anti-icing apparatus and method also improves low speed running performance due to the improved fuel vaporization resulting from the increased temperature in the progression circuit.

Abstract: Alignment of a mask, such as a photolithographic mask, to a workpiece, such as a printed circuit board is improved using a frame having sides that are individually thermally expandable. The mask is fabricated to be undersized so that the distance between fiducials on the mask is less than a desired distance, which may be the distance between corresponding fiducials on the workpiece. The mask is mounted on the frame, whereafter at least one side of the frame is heated to expand the side and stretch the mask to achieve the desired interfiducial distance.

Abstract: The micromachine includes a movable portion, an unmovable portion surrounding the movable portion, a connecting portion for connecting the movable portion with the unmovable portion in a cantilever fashion, and a support member for connecting the movable portion with the unmovable portion at a location other than a location at which the movable portion is connected with the unmovable portion through the connecting portion. The support member is formed of weaker material than material of which all of the portions are formed, with respect to any one of properties which all of the portions have. Thus, only the support member can be cut off by applying energy effective to the one of properties thereto after the micromachine has been packaged.

Abstract: A handgrip with a built-in heater for a motorcycle constituted by a hollow cylindrical handgrip body, wherein a flexible printed circuit heater is wound around an outer periphery of a synthetic resin inner piece of a substantially hollow cylindrical shape with a hollow cylindrical or peripheral portion slotted, and a cladding rubber layer is integrally molded thereon to cause the heater to extend between the inner piece and the cladding rubber layer. The heater is wound over a range covering a half circumference or more but less than a full circumference of the inner piece. The cladding rubber layer is molded in such a form that a region where the heater is not wound faces parting positions of mold halves for forming the cladding rubber layer so as to prevent the occurrence of turn-ups and creases.

Abstract: A glazing panel includes at least one sheet of vitreous material; a conductive transparent coating which is provided on at least one face of at least one sheet of the at least one sheet of vitreous material and which constitutes a heating element for the glazing panel when connected to an electrical power source; and a control circuit for controlling heating power output of the glazing panel, the control circuit including adjustable means for controlling the heating power output to a preselected level as a function of voltage of the electrical power source and electrical resistance of the heating element.

Abstract: An apparatus for sealing the end of an elongate cable such as an electrical heating cable which comprises a clip-shaped insert positioned within a tubular-shaped housing. Gripping members and pre-gripping members project from the interior surfaces of the arms of the insert and act to grip a cable when it is inserted into the device. A locking mechanism on the insert engages locking teeth on the housing and serves to hold the insert in position. A conformable gel component may be present. The apparatus provides high pullout force, as well as environmental sealing, for cables such as electrical heating cables or power cables.

Abstract: An ultraclean evaporation system which includes a vessel formed of a fluoropolymer inert to hydrogen peroxide and having an impurity level less than the impurity level of samples to be analyzed therein, preferably perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). A radiant heater is spaced from the vessel for uniformly heating the contents of the vessel. A shield, manufactured of aluminum and coated with a fluoropolymer encases the vessel alone or in conjunction with the heater. An inert gas supply is coupled to the vessel with a coupler of fluoropolymer inert to hydrogen peroxide, preferably PFA. An output is provided from the vessel formed of a fluoropolymer inert to hydrogen peroxide, preferably PFA. An orifice is provided which is formed of a fluoropolymer inert to hydrogen peroxide, preferably PFA, for controlling the flow rate of the inert gas supply. The tubing has a length of at least about 3 meters. The vessel has a side wall and a bottom forming a corner and is disposed so that the corner is the lowest region of the vessel.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system for an internal combustion engine, in particular an electrically heatable catalytic converter, includes a metallic sheath having tabs and at least one electrical conductor extending through the tabs. An electrically insulating, gas-tight leadthrough for the at least one electrical conductor in the vicinity of the tabs includes first and second successively disposed sections. The first section is closer to the exhaust gas system for electrical insulation and is resistant to temperatures up to 1300.degree. C., but need not be completely gas-tight. The second section is farther from the exhaust gas system and is gas-tight and electrically insulating for temperatures up to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Electrical heating elements operable at high temperatures for long periods are produced by a method involving micropyretic synthesis. Compositions subjected to micropyretic synthesis comprises a powdery mass of electrically conductive and semiconductive material, a reactive system, a grain growth inhibitor and a plasticizer or extrusion agent.

Abstract: A glass frit for firing in reducing environments includes an unusually large amount of calcium fluoride melted therein. Also, a copper conductive composition includes the glass frit with an unusually large amount of calcium fluoride. This copper conductive composition may be a paste prepared for screen printing, in which case an appropriate screening agent known to one of ordinary skill may be incorporated, or the composition may be a fired film formed upon a suitable substrate. A high power surge resistor also incorporates the glass frit.

Abstract: A foot warmer having a water-proof, flexible rubberized layer to protect the user from electrical shock, for installation on a surface such as a running board of a snowmobile, snow removal, excavation or other motorized outdoor equipment. A foot warmer having a flexible heat element for providing heat when actuated, electrical leads from the motor for providing electrical actuation of the heat element, a rubberized layer on the heating element protecting the heating element from environmental conditions, an aluminum foil layer, positioned on the opposite side of the heat element reflecting heat produced by the heat element toward the first longitudinal side of the heating element, an insulating layer, positioned to abut the aluminum foil layer, for insulating the heat element from environmental conditions and an adhesive layer for attaching the assembled heating element to a surface.

Abstract: A heating element for a Deglor furnace includes a heating bar being surrounded by a protective tube. The protective tube is provided with a flange for mounting. The flange is formed by a separate ceramic ring or a metal clip and is permanently connected mechanically or chemically to an outer surface of the protective tube.

Abstract: A selectively heatable steering wheel has an electrically activated heating element disposed within a hollow interior of the wheel. The heating element includes an electrically conductive resistance wire for generating heat, a metallic foil sheath positioned around the element so as to provide a desired level of insulation, and a protective plastic sheath disposed around the foil sheath which operates as a protective covering for the foil sheath during an insertion of the sheath within the hollow interior of the wheel. The plastic sheath is provided with improved heat conductive properties through the use of radially directed, through-extending metallic wires which are randomly positioned throughout the sheath and which operate to conduct heat directly from a surface of the heating element to an interior wall surface of the steering wheel's hollow interior.

Abstract: A heating device for heating an item such as a carburetor uses a first PTC heating element 12 positioned compactly within a housing 10 which is directly adjacent the item to be heated. A Second PTC element 14 having a great electrical resistance increase at a prescribed temperature level is also compactly contained in the housing and is electrically connected in series to the first PTC element 12. This second PTC element 14 restricts the electric current flow through the device when the ambient temperature exceeds the prescribed temperature level.

Abstract: A thermistor type temperature sensor having a substrate made from an electrically insulating ceramic plate. A thin or thick film detecting resistor is printed on the substratum. A thick or thin film pull-up resistor may also be printed on the substratum, and trimming of the resistors is possible. The ratio of B-constant values for the detecting resistor and the pull-up resistor may be selected so that it is locate between 0.4 to 0.9 or 1.1 to 1.5. The detecting resistor may be constructed from thermistor sections of the same composition and the sections may be connected in parallel or in series. The thermistor sensor can be connected to the pipe through which a gas passes. When the sensor is connected to the pipe, the angle of the measuring plane may be adjusted, so that a precise measurement can be obtained.

Abstract: A metal honeycomb heating element is protectively mounted in an enclosure comprising a one-piece enclosure wall, the heater being supported between a circumferential support member and a circumferential compression ring attached to the enclosure wall. A diametrically balanced compressive force is maintained on the edges of the heating element by the compression ring and support, this force operating to significantly extend the life of the heater element under hot vibration. Heater slot separators and electrode feedthrough structures for extending the life of the heater element are also provided.

Abstract: A coaxial type electrical resistor has a cylindrical conductor, a cylindrical insulator inserted into the opening of the conductor and a cylindrical resistor inserted into the opening of the insulator. Since the insulator is between the conductor and the resistor, a distance between the conductor and resistor may be small and magnetic flux leakage reduced. Thus the resistor has a small inductance and is appropriate as a high frequency large current resistor.

Abstract: A resistor combination and method, that is formed by a substrate having a resistive film on it, and pins extruding from one edge of the substrate and connected to the film. A U-shaped cold region is provided on the substrate around at least much of the film, and is so constructed that application of common high overload voltages to the pins causes vertical fracture of the substrate. The resulting substrate pieces are held by the pins to the circuit board. In one embodiment, a synthetic resin housing is provided around the substrate.

Abstract: A miniature potentiometer including a casing (10) molded on a first sub-assembly comprising a support (11), an electro-resistive track (12) with extensions (13) linked to terminals (14),(15) extending outwardly from the casing, and a collector plate (16) having a collector plate terminal (14) extending outwardly therefrom. A second sub-assembly is housed in the casing (10) and includes a wiper (18) integral with a wiper-holder (19). The first and second sub-assemblies are attached to one another by an electrically conductive shaft (21).The wiper (18) comprises a first part defined by an annular plate (29) to which the wiper-holder (19) is molded. The first part also includes an opening (31) and through-holes (32) which allow plastic material to flow therethrough. The wiper (18) further comprises a second part (33), extending radially out from the annular plate (29) and having resilient arms (35,36) with protuberances (35a,36a) for frictionally engaging the resistive track (12).