Abstract: An ESD protection circuit for an input/output buffer in which when an ESD pulse or event occurs, an ESD surge on a pad is discharged to a diode and a transistor channel, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the ESD protection circuit. The ESD protection circuit includes a floating N-well bias circuit connected to a pad at an output of driver circuit and outputting a bias voltage based on or in response to a supply voltage; a switch circuit connected to a logic circuit and the driver circuit, and configured to connect and disconnect the logic circuit and the driver circuit based on or in response to the supply voltage; and a pull-down circuit connected to the driver circuit, configured to output a voltage to the driver circuit based on or in response to the supply voltage.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) circuit including a booster cell is disclosed. The ESD circuit may include first and second rails configured to provide power to the ESD circuit. The first rail may include two spaced apart conductors. The ESD circuit may further include an input/output (I/O) pad and a power/ground (P/G) pad. The P/G pad may include a power clamp electrically coupled between the first and second rails. The booster cell may be physically located between the I/O pad and the P/G pad. The booster cell may provide an electrical connection between the two spaced apart conductors.

Abstract: A system may include a relay device. The relay device may include an armature that moves between a first position that electrically couples a first contact to a second contact and a second position that electrically uncouples the first contact from the second contact. The relay device may also include a relay coil that receives a voltage configured to magnetize a relay coil, thereby causing the armature to move from the first position to the second position. The system also includes a control system that receives an indication that the armature is in the second position and sends a signal to an actuator in response to receiving the indication. The signal causes an arm associated with the actuator to move the armature to achieve a gap distance between the first contact and the second contact.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrostatic protection circuit and an electronic device. The electrostatic protection circuit is connected to a first end point and a second end point of a power device. The electrostatic protection circuit is configured to allow bilateral electrostatic protection between the first end point and the second end point of the power device. The power device includes a transverse high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT).

Abstract: A conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”) launches wire-tethered electrodes from multiple cartridges to provide a stimulus signal through a human or animal target to impede locomotion of the target. The CEW may detect the quality of the electrical coupling (e.g., connection) of pairs of electrodes with the target. In accordance with the quality of the connections, the CEW may provide pulses of a stimulus signal to the various connections between electrode pairs in accordance with a sequence. The sequence may provide pulses at a first maximum pulse rate to any one connection to increase the likelihood of inducing neuromuscular incapacitation (“NMI”) and to save energy. The sequence may provide pulses to all connections at a second maximum pulse rate to increase the likelihood of inducing NMI and to save energy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a safe operation method for voltage reduction arc suppression of a ground fault phase of a non-effective ground system, for use in ground fault safety operation of a neutral point non-effective ground generator or distribution network. When a single-phase ground fault occurs, an external voltage source is applied at a non-effective ground system side between a bus and the ground, or between a line and the ground, or between a neutral point and the ground, or between a shunting tap of a non-effective ground system side winding of a transformer and the ground, to reduce the fault phase voltage to be lower than the continuous burning voltage of a ground arc, thereby meeting the requirements of long-term non-stop safe operation. The operation means and control method effectively prevent power outages, and improve the reliability and security of power supply.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of active/passive automotive fuse module in accordance with the present disclosure may include an electrically insulating base, a fuse plate including a bus bar portion disposed on a top surface of the base above a projectile cavity formed in the base, the fuse plate further including a fusible portion electrically connected to the bus bar portion and adapted to open when an amount of current flowing through the fuse plate exceeds a current rating of the active/passive automotive fuse module, the active/passive automotive fuse module further including a pyrotechnic interrupter (PI) disposed atop the base and including a projectile positioned above the bus bar portion, the PI configured to drive the projectile through the bus bar portion upon actuation of the PI.

Abstract: An improved electric circuit structure for short circuit protection is applicable to examining a device under test, comprising a circuit breaking element, a thermistor, a filtering and rectifying module and a capacitor. A first end of the circuit breaking element is connected to a power source. The filtering and rectifying module is connected to a second end of the circuit breaking element, a ground, a first end of the thermistor and a first end of the capacitor. A second end of the capacitor is connected to a second end of the thermistor. The capacitor is connected in parallel with the device under test. The circuit breaking element disclosed in the present invention is a ceramic tube fuse and forms an open circuit when the device under test forms a short circuit. Meanwhile, the ceramic tube fuse withstands voltage between its first and second end without generating any physical damage.

Abstract: A contactor includes a fixed iron core, a movable iron core, an operation coil, a first crossbar, a tripping spring, and a second crossbar. The contactor includes a push spring to push a movable contact toward a fixed contact, a trip coil connected to the fixed contact, and a plunger that is operated by an electromagnetic force generated in the trip coil when a current of a predetermined value or higher flows through the trip coil. The contactor includes an opening lever to push the second crossbar in a direction away from the first crossbar in conjunction with the operation of the plunger.

Abstract: A solenoid plunger movement detection system and method can include: detecting current supplied to a solenoid with a current sensor; converting the current supplied to the solenoid into a digital signal with a counter coupled to a first comparator; detecting a peak within the digital signal with a peak detector; comparing the peak to the digital signal with a second comparator coupled to the peak detector; measuring a dip from the peak and measuring a trough with the second comparator; generating a fault when the peak and the trough indicate a smooth current ramp to the solenoid; receiving configurable parameters for processing the digital signal with a signal processor; and providing configurable parameters to the counter, the second comparator, the signal processor, or a combination thereof with an interface.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes at least one moveable contact. The moveable electrode is operably connected to a Thomson coil actuator that can separate and open the contacts of the circuit breaker. A sensor senses current or voltage in the circuit breaker. When a condition exists that triggers an opening action, a controller will use select a current level to apply to the Thomson coil actuator. The selected current level will vary based on the sensed current or voltage level. The controller will cause a driver to apply the selected current level to the Thomson coil actuator, and it will cause the contacts to separate and open. If the circuit breaker is a vacuum interrupter, the vacuum interrupter may employ a multi-section bellows in which each section has unique structural characteristics as compared to the other sections, so that different sections will dominate as the Thomson coil's speed of operation varies.

Abstract: An electrical contact element for a plug connector includes an electrically conductive base body electrically connected to a mating contact element, the base body having a longitudinal axis extending along a plugging direction between the contact element and the mating contact element, and a first temperature probe and a second temperature probe arranged at a pair of different measurement regions of the contact element spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A movable part of a circuit breaker for a gas-insulated switchgear is proposed. The movable part includes a puffer cylinder, a nozzle, and a main contact. An outer rib at the rear end of the nozzle is hooked to a hook rib at the front end of the hook part of the puffer cylinder. A chamber guide is provided inside the puffer cylinder so that the nozzle is immobilized. The main contact is mounted on the outer surface of the front end of the hook part. Thus, the number of components constituting the movable part of the circuit breaker is reduced, and the number of bolting points is reduced, thereby greatly reducing man-hours in an assembly work and preventing a main contact separation from occurring due to bolt loosening.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus having a protecting element for protecting the apparatus in an emergency, wherein the protecting element is a polymer PTC element, the polymer PTC element has a polymer PTC member, and the polymer PTC member is formed from a polymer composition containing a polyvinylidene fluoride as a main component.

Abstract: An operating attachment for arrangement on a predefinable switching device and for operating a pivotable switching device toggle of the switching device includes: a one-sided open housing positionable on the switching device; a rotatable shaft having a rotation axis; a manual operating part, the manual operating part being situated on the rotatable shaft; a switch-on projection for pivoting the switching device toggle in a first pivot direction, the switch-on projection being situated on the rotatable shaft; a switch-off projection for pivoting the switching device toggle in a second pivot direction opposite the first pivot direction, the switch-off projection being situated on the rotatable shaft; and a housing stop for contacting a stop edge of the switch-off projection, the housing stop being situated in the one-sided open housing. The switch-off projection yields resiliently such that the switch-off projection is bent for contact with the housing stop.

Abstract: A rack BMS detects a ground fault through a circuit embedded therein, and as a master BMS is configured to disconnect all the connections between battery racks and a grid in the case in which the rack BMS detects the ground fault, no more current flows through chassis, thereby protecting the battery racks and ensuring safety of a person using the battery racks.

Abstract: A fuse cutout cover is disclosed that allows a lineman to engage a metal hook assembly and pull ring of the cutout with a loadbreak tool. The cutout also includes a wire connector and a metal top connector that leads from the wire connector to the top of the fuse. A front opening in the cover allows easy access by a loadbreak tool over a wide range of angles. A roof of the cover extends beyond the sidewalls of the opening and covers an end of the top connector. An inner vertical wall of the cover has a bottom edge that rests on the top surface of the top connector to space the roof from the top connector to provide additional vertical clearance when positioning the loadbreak tool to engage the cutout. The wall also blocks access to the enlarged open to prevent birds from nesting in the opening.

Abstract: An electrostatic protection circuit and a manufacturing method, an array substrate and a display apparatus in field of display technologies are provided. The electrostatic protection includes a first thin film transistor, a second thin film transistor, and an electrostatic protection line; a gate and a second electrode of the first thin film transistor are connected to a signal line, and a first electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to the electrostatic protection line; a gate and a second electrode of the second thin film transistor are connected to the electrostatic protection line, and a first electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to the signal line; each thin film transistor is an oxide thin film transistor, a length-width ratio of a channel of each thin film transistor is greater than or equal to a length-width ratio threshold, the length-width ratio threshold being 5.

Abstract: A conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”) launches electrodes to provide a stimulus signal through a target to impede locomotion of the target. After use of the CEW, the user of the CEW may forget to turn the CEW off thereby wasting energy from the power supply (e.g., battery). The CEW includes a motion detector that detects movement of the CEW, or handle of the CEW. If the CEW does not move for a period of time, it is assumed that the CEW is no longer being used, so the CEW powers itself down to conserve energy. The components of the CEW that have been powered down may have power restored responsive to detecting operation of a control (e.g., safety) of the CEW.

Abstract: A coil actuator for low and medium voltage applications including: a coil electromagnet having a single coil winding and a movable member; and a power and control unit including: a power circuit operatively coupled with the coil electromagnet, the power circuit including input terminals for receiving an input voltage and an intermediate node, the electromagnet being electrically connected with the input terminal and the intermediate node, the power circuit further including a discharge circuit, which is electrically connected with the first input terminal and the intermediate node in parallel with the coil winding, and a switch circuit, which is electrically connected with the intermediate node and the second input terminal, the switch circuit including at least a power switch; a controller operatively coupled with the power circuit to drive the at least a power switch to control of an input current circulating through the power circuit, the controller being adapted to perform a PWM control of the input curre