Abstract: A method of making an electrical component includes transmitting electrical energy from a power source through one or more deposition anodes, through an electrolyte solution, and to an intralayer electrical-connection feature of a build plate, such that material is electrochemically deposited onto the intralayer electrical-connection feature and forms an interlayer electrical-connection feature. The method also includes securing a dielectric material so that the dielectric material contacts and electrically insulates the intralayer electrical-connection feature and contacts and at least partially electrically insulates the interlayer electrical-connection feature.

Abstract: There is provided a surface-treated steel sheet (1) comprising: a tin-plated steel sheet (10) obtained by tin-plating a steel sheet (11); a phosphate compound layer (20) containing tin phosphate formed on the tin-plated steel sheet (10); and an aluminum-oxygen compound layer (30) on the phosphate compound layer (20), a main constituent of the aluminum-oxygen compound layer (30) being an aluminum-oxygen compound; wherein, when the 3d5/2 spectrum of tin in the aluminum-oxygen compound layer (30) is determined using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the ratio of the integration value of the profile derived from tin oxide to the integration value of the profile derived from tin phosphate (tin oxide/tin phosphate) is 6.9 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming a metal film using a solid-state electrolyte membrane, and the method allows a metal film having a smooth surface to be formed and an additive to sufficiently serve its function. A method for forming a metal film includes the successive steps of (a) supplying a solution to a solution-housing space, the solution containing ions of the metal and an additive; (b) increasing a pressure of the solution in the solution-housing space in a state where the solution-housing space is uncommunicated with a solution tank and the substrate held by a holder is in contact with the solid-state electrolyte membrane; (c) decreasing the pressure of the solution in the solution-housing space; and (d) forming the film of the metal on the substrate by applying a voltage between an anode and the substrate while the solution is circulated between the solution-housing space and the solution tank.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing helix windings used for a transformer are provided. For example, apparatus comprise an electrically conductive mandrel comprising an elongated body, a head comprising an eyelet detail, and a winding structure disposed along the elongated body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyamine-based or polyhydric alcohol-based suppressing agent. The suppressing agent is modified by reaction with a compound that introduces a branching group into the suppressing agent before they are reacted with an alkylene oxide. The suppressing agent shows extraordinary superfilling properties, particularly when used to fill in features having extremely small aperture sizes and/or high aspect ratios.

Abstract: A method of producing a surface-treated steel sheet, comprising: subjecting a steel sheet having a Sn coating or plating layer to an anodic electrolytic treatment in an alkaline aqueous solution to form a Sn oxide layer; and then subjecting the steel sheet to a cathodic electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution containing zirconium ions to form a layer containing zirconium oxide, wherein the Sn coating or plating layer has a Sn coating weight of 0.1 g/m2 to 20.0 g/m2, the Sn oxide layer has, at a point in time when the Sn oxide layer is formed, a reduction current peak within a potential range of ?800 mV to ?600 mV and an electric quantity of a reduction current in the potential range of 1.5 mC/cm2 to 10.0 mC/cm2, and the layer containing zirconium oxide has a Zr coating weight of 0.1 mg/m2 to 50.0 mg/m2.

Abstract: A method for fabricating nonenzymatic glucose sensor, which comprises steps of: (a) providing a bottom substrate; (b) preparing a graphene layer on the bottom substrate; (c) depositing plural amount of zinc oxide (ZnO) seed crystals on the graphene layer; (d) growing the ZnO seed crystals into columnar nanorods with hydrothermal method; (e) coating a thin film of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) on the surface of the ZnO nanorods by electrochemistry-based electrodeposition; and (f) grafting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on surface of the Cu2O thin film, by using Nafion fixative composited with SWCNTs. The structure of the above sensor, therefore, comprises a bottom substrate and other components orderly assembled on it, including, from inside to outside, a graphene layer, plural amount of ZnO nanorods, a Cu2O thin film, plural amount of SWCNTs, and the Nafion fixative. Accordingly, the sensor has advantages of low cost, rapid response, and easy for preservation.

Abstract: Convenient anodizing is provided through a pen form factor anodizing tool having a reservoir for holding anodizing fluid and an electrical cable connection communicating electrical power to a tip dispensing anodizing fluid from the reservoir at a anodizing voltage from electrical power through the electrical cable connection.

Abstract: A method of decomposing a cured aromatic epoxy resin uses a molten salt bath at less than about 350° C. The molten salt bath includes a plurality of alkali metal hydroxides. The cured aromatic epoxy resin can be in intimate physical contact with a metal or alloy. The cured aromatic epoxy resin can be patterned by a lithographic method. The lithographic method can be multibeam interference lithography to form a three-dimensional photonic crystal template on a conductive substrate for electrodeposition of metal. Contacting the three-dimensional photonic crystal template with the electrodeposited metal with the molten salt bath can form a metal matrix device displaying a periodic pattern that is the inverse of the periodic pattern of the decomposed three-dimensional photonic crystal template.

Abstract: A method for compact and flat bismuth metal preparation by electrolysis is provided. In the method, one or more of ?-naphthol, acacia, sulfonated and vulcanized alkylphenol ethoxylate and naphthol ethoxylate oxides are added to the acidic solution of bismuth methanesulfonate as additives, and the cathodic bismuth is obtained by electrolysis at 20-80° C. The method for bismuth metal preparation is simple and easy to promote, environment-friendly, and the obtained bismuth metal has a flat and compact surface and good plate formation effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for plating a recess in a substrate, a device for plating a recess in a substrate and a system for plating a recess in a substrate comprising the device. The method for plating a recess in a substrate comprises the following steps: Providing a substrate with a substrate surface comprising at least one recess, applying a replacement gas to the recess to replace an amount of ambient gas in the recess to at least partially clear the recess from the ambient gas, applying a processing fluid to the recess, wherein the replacement gas dissolves in the processing fluid to at least partially clear the recess from the replacement gas, and plating the recess.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wiring board in which the adhesion between an underlayer and a seed layer is improved. A diffusion layer in which an element forming the underlayer and an element forming a coating layer are mutually diffused is formed between the underlayer and a wiring portion of the coating layer by irradiating the wiring portion with a laser beam. A seed layer is formed by removing a portion excluding the wiring portion of the coating layer from the underlayer. A metal layer is formed by disposing a solid electrolyte membrane between an anode and the seed layer and applying voltage between the anode and the underlayer. An exposed portion without the seed layer of the underlayer is removed from an insulating substrate.

Abstract: An electroforming system and method for electroforming a component that includes a first housing and a second housing, where the second housing can define a conformable electroforming reservoir with a base structure that defines a fluid passage. The first housing can include a dissolution reservoir containing an electrolytic fluid that is fluidly coupled to the fluid passage of the second housing.

Abstract: A paddle capable of reducing an influence of blocking the electric field and capable of improving its mechanical strength is disclosed. The paddle, which is configured to agitate a processing liquid in a processing tank by moving in the processing tank, includes a plurality of agitating beams that form a honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure has a plurality of hexagonal through-holes formed by the plurality of agitating beams.

Abstract: A large-width cathode roller for producing high-strength ultra-thin copper foil includes titanium side plates and a titanium cylinder sealed by the titanium side plates, and a cathode roller core penetrated through the titanium side plates. Steel-copper explosive clad cylinders and a steel support plate are disposed in/on the side plate, inner ring surfaces of the side plates and the copper plates are connected to a copper sleeve around the cathode roller core, outer ring surfaces of the copper plates and the steel support plates are connected to a copper cylinder, inner ring surfaces of the steel support plates are connected to the cathode roller core; and multiple electrically conductive support rings on the copper cylinder are connected to the copper plates on two sides through the electrically conductive copper bars to form a conducting loop to improve the distribution uniformity of the current on the surface of the cathode roller.

Abstract: After a sulfidation detection conductor (2) is formed on a front surface of a large-sized substrate (10A), a pair of first protective films (3) made of an insoluble material is formed, respectively, on predetermined positions of the sulfidation detection conductor (2), and a second protective film (7) made of a soluble material is formed so as to cover the sulfidation detection conductor (2) positioned between the pair of first protective films (3), and thereafter, end face electrodes (5) are formed, respectively, on divided faces of each strip-shaped substrate (10B) obtained by primarily dividing the large-sized substrate (10A). Then, after external electrodes (6) are formed by performing electrolytic plating with respect to each chip substrate (10C) obtained by secondarily dividing each strip-shaped substrate (10B), a sulfidation detection portion (2a) is exposed to the outside by removing the second protective film (7), whereby a sulfidation detection sensor (10) can be obtained.

Abstract: A method for creating colorful patterns on a metal surface by using colorless ink is revealed. First carry out a first anodizing process on a metal substrate to form a first anodic oxide layer on a surface of the metal substrate. Then coat a layer of colorless ink on the first anodic oxide layer on the surface of the metal substrate to form a colorless ink pattern mask. Later perform a second anodizing process to form a second anodic oxide layer on a part of the metal substrate without being covered with the colorless ink pattern mask. Next remove the colorless ink pattern mask and coat a metal film over the first anodic oxide layer and the second anodic oxide layer to get a colorful pattern on the metal substrate.

Abstract: Described are electrodeposition methods, and materials and structures prepared by electrodeposition methods, and devices prepared from the electrodeposited materials.

Abstract: A film formation apparatus for forming a metal film includes an anode, a solid electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and a substrate that serves as a cathode, a power supply device that applies a voltage between the anode and the cathode, a solution container that contains a solution between the anode and the solid electrolyte membrane, the solution containing metal ions, and a pressure device that pressurizes the solid electrolyte membrane to the cathode side with a fluid pressure of the solution. The film formation apparatus includes an auxiliary cathode disposed in a peripheral area of the film formation region when the surface of the substrate is viewed in plain view, the auxiliary cathode having an electric potential lower than an electric potential of the anode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for and a method of interfacial electrofabrication of freestanding biopolymer membranes comprising at least one anode; at least one cathode; at least one anode electrolyte; and at least one cathode electrolyte, wherein at least a portion of the at least one anode electrolyte and the at least one cathode electrolyte form an interface, wherein at least one polyelectrolyte complex membrane (PECM) forms at the interface of the at least one anode electrolyte and the at least one cathode electrolyte, wherein the at least one anode electrolyte and the at least one cathode electrolyte are separated by the PECM, wherein the at least one anode is disposed in the at least one anode electrolyte, wherein the at least one cathode is disposed in the at least one cathode electrolyte, and wherein the at least one anode and the at least one cathode are distal from the interface of the at least one anode electrolyte and the at least one cathode electrolyte.