Abstract: A membrane-electrode assembly including a polymer electrolyte membrane, and electrocatalyst layers disposed on both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane, with a total light transmittance measured after delamination of both the electrocatalyst layers by using an adhesive member is 40% or less. The total light transmittance is at an electrocatalyst layer located part, when a total light transmittance at an electrocatalyst layer non-located part is taken to be 100%. The viscous member has an adhesive force of 3 N/10 mm or more when measured by pulling the viscous member adhered to a stainless steel in a 180°angle direction relative to the stainless steel, for delamination from the stainless steel.

Abstract: A flow battery system and methods are provided for eliminating crossover issues of active materials in redox flow batteries. A solid adsorbent with large specific surface area is disposed in an electrolyte of at least one half-cell, in contact with the electrolyte. During a charging process, the active material in a charged state is captured and stored on surfaces of the adsorbent, so that concentrations of the active material in the electrolyte in the charged state is reduced and the crossover is inhibited. During a discharging process, the active material is desorbed from the adsorbent to the electrolyte and pumped into the stack for reaction. The flow battery stack can have a microporous membrane separator. The electrolyte of the flow battery includes zinc iodide as active material and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an additive.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a cell block including battery cells electrically connected to each other, the cell block having a pair of long sides and a pair of short sides which surround lateral surfaces of the battery cells and are tangent to the lateral surfaces of the battery cells, and a flexible wiring surrounding the cell block in a direction parallel to the pair of long sides of the cell block, the flexible wiring including sensors to detect state information from the battery cells.

Abstract: A flow battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a first liquid in contact with the negative electrode, a second liquid in contact with the positive electrode, and a lithium-ion-conductive film disposed between the first liquid and the second liquid. At least one of the first liquid or the second liquid contains a redox species and lithium ions. The lithium-ion-conductive film includes an inorganic member containing zeolite.

Abstract: In accordance with at least selected embodiments or aspects, the present invention is directed to improved, unique, and/or complex performance lead acid battery separators, such as improved flooded lead acid battery separators, batteries including such separators, methods of production, and/or methods of use. The preferred battery separator of the present invention addresses and optimizes multiple separator properties simultaneously. It is believed that the present invention is the first to recognize the need to address multiple separator properties simultaneously, the first to choose particular multiple separator property combinations, and the first to produce commercially viable multiple property battery separators, especially such a separator having negative cross ribs.

Abstract: A fuel cell vehicle thermal management system with cold start function includes a fuel cell stack, electronic water pump, electronic thermostat, cold start heater and first solenoid valve, all connected to a thermal management controller, and air intake preheating heat exchangers. The coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with an inlet of the electronic water pump, and an outlet of the electronic water pump is connected with the inlets of the electronic thermostat and the first solenoid valve. The first outlet of the electronic thermostat is connected with the inlet of the heater. The outlet of the heater is connected with the inlet of the fuel cell stack. The outlet of the first solenoid valve is connected with the inlet of the intake preheating heat exchanger. The outlet of the intake preheating heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the heater.

Abstract: A mask blank including a light shielding film pattern having high ArF light fastness. The light shielding film is on a transparent substrate. In the mask blank, the light shielding film is a single layer film formed of a material containing silicon and nitrogen, and the light shielding film has an optical density to an ArF excimer laser exposure light of 2.5 or more, a surface reflectance to the exposure light of 40% or less, a back-surface reflectance to the exposure light of 40% or less, a transmittance to a light having a wavelength of 900 nm of 50% or less, an extinction coefficient to a light having a wavelength of 900 nm of 0.04 or more, and a thickness of 60 nm or less.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a first discharger, an opening-and-closing valve, a second discharger, a voltage detector, and a controller.

Abstract: A negative active material, a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of preparing the negative active material. The negative active material includes: a core particle including a silicon based alloy; carbon nanoparticles disposed on a surface of the core particle; and an amorphous carbonaceous coating layer disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the core particle. The negative active material may improve the lifetime characteristics of the lithium batteries.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane according to the present invention has a cluster diameter of 2.96 to 4.00 nm and a converted puncture strength of 300 gf/50 ?m or more. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to the present invention has a low electric resistance and an excellent mechanical strength.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell configured to produce electrical power by a chemical reaction of a flow of fuel and a flow of oxygen or air with an electrolyte and a cooling system configured to remove thermal energy from the fuel cell via a flow of coolant through the fuel cell. The fuel cell system includes one or more conductivity sensors configured to measure a change in conductivity of the coolant flow. A method of operating a fuel cell system includes producing electrical power at a fuel cell by a chemical reaction of a flow of fuel and a flow of air with an electrolyte, urging a flow of coolant through the fuel cell to remove thermal energy and ions from the fuel cell, and measuring a conductivity of the flow of coolant via one or more conductivity sensors.

Abstract: In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to new or improved battery separators, components, materials, additives, surfactants, lead acid batteries, systems, vehicles, and/or related methods of production and/or use. In at least certain embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to surfactants or other additives for use with a battery separator for use in a lead acid battery, to battery separators with a surfactant or other additive, and/or to batteries including such separators. In at least certain select embodiments, the instant disclosure relates to new or improved lead acid battery separators and/or systems including improved water loss technology and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery which includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), wherein a portion of nickel (Ni) sites of the lithium composite transition metal oxide is substituted with tungsten (W), and an amount of a lithium tungsten oxide remaining on surfaces of lithium composite transition metal oxide particles is 1,000 ppm or less.

Abstract: Provided is a layered double hydroxide (LDH) separator including a porous substrate made of a polymeric material; and a hydroxide-ion conductive layered compound being a LDH and/or a LDH-like compound with which pores of the porous substrate are plugged. The LDH separator has a mean porosity of 0.03% to less than 1.0%.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum foil and an aluminum member for electrodes having good adhesiveness to an electrode material and high conductivity with the electrode material. Provided is an aluminum foil having through holes including an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 25 nm or less on a surface of the aluminum foil, and further a hydrophilic layer on a part of a surface of the aluminum oxide film.

Abstract: This embodiment provides an energy storage apparatus that includes: a plurality of energy storage devices, each having an external terminal; and a bus bar configured to conductively connect the external terminals to each other between different ones of the plurality of energy storage devices. The bus bar includes a pair of connecting portions, each placed on the external terminal. Each of the pair of connecting portions includes a plurality of curved welded portions, each formed in a curved shape that convexly curves inward in a first direction where the pair of connecting portions are aligned. The plurality of curved welded portions are formed to be aligned in the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of manufacturing a sulfide-based all-solid-state battery, and a sulfide-based all-solid-state battery manufactured thereby, wherein the battery includes a surface heat-treated positive electrode active material, which is simply performed by heating a positive electrode active material at 400° C. to 600° C. in an inert gas state, as a low-cost method of uniformly treating the surface of a positive electrode active material such that the positive electrode active material does not react with a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a first cooling line configured to circulate a first coolant that passes via the fuel cell stack, a first radiator disposed on the first cooling line, a valve configured to switch a flow path of the first coolant to the fuel cell stack or the first radiator, and a controller connected to the valve and configured to set a target temperature at an inlet of the fuel cell stack and a correction coefficient for controlling an opening degree of the valve, measure a first coolant temperature at an outlet of the fuel cell stack and a second coolant temperature at an outlet of the first radiator, calculate the opening degree of the valve based on the first coolant temperature, the second coolant temperature, the target temperature, and the correction coefficient, and correct the correction coefficient based on comparison of a third coolant temperature at the inlet of the fuel cell stack and the target temperature, in response to the opening degree being within a first ran

Abstract: A composition includes a near infrared absorbing pigment and a solvent, in which the near infrared absorbing pigment is at least one selected from a colorant compound which has a cation and an anion in the same molecule, a colorant compound which is a salt of a cationic chromophore and a counter anion, and a colorant compound which is a salt of an anionic chromophore and a counter cation, a D50 particle size in which a cumulative volume in a particle size distribution of particle sizes of the near infrared absorbing pigment is 50% is 100 nm or lower, and d values of Hansen solubility parameters of the near infrared absorbing pigment and the solvent satisfy a predetermined expression.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the active material including a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, having a layered structure, having a ratio D50/DSEM of from 1 to 4, and having a ratio of a number of moles of nickel to a total number of moles of metals other than lithium of greater than 0.8 and less than 1, a ratio of a number of moles of cobalt to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium of less than 0.2, a ratio of a number of moles of manganese to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium of less than 0.2, and a ratio of the number of moles of manganese to a sum of the number of moles of cobalt and the number of moles of manganese of less than 0.58.