Abstract: Apparatus for sewage purifying treatment having a suction nozzle member for supplying pressurized water, an intermediate nozzle member and an injection nozzle member, each having a water passage therein, each nozzle being connected to each other. An air introducing nozzle is formed between nozzle members. An outer casing is arranged in such a fashion that an air introducing chamber is formed at the outer circumference of the intermediate nozzle member, the air introducing chamber and the air introducing nozzle communicating with each other. A pressurized water supply pipe is connected to an end of the suction nozzle member and an air supply pipe is connected to the outer casing for supplying the air to the outer casing. A groove for micronizing coarse bubbles are formed at the downstream position of the air introducing nozzles.

Abstract: A device which generates sulphurous acid in a simplified, efficient way comprises a burn chamber for burning sulphur to produce sulphur dioxide gas, a first conduit for conducting sulphur dioxide gas produced in the burn chamber, a second conduit for conducting water, a third conduit having means for bringing sulphur dioxide gas from the first conduit and water from the second conduit into contained co-directional flow in the third conduit to create sulphurous acid, a mixing tank to receive sulphurous acid, sulphur dioxide gas and water from the third conduit, and an absorption tower and a vent conduit for reacting unreacted sulphur dioxide gas with water. The system is open meaning sulphur dioxide gas in the system is not under significant pressure as the sulphur dioxide gas is conducted through the system.

Abstract: A photolytic device for breaking down organic chlorine compounds, such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, in a fluid includes a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber, and an acid component absorption column. The first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber are connected in series, and the second reaction chamber and the acid component absorption column are connected in series. The first reaction chamber is a perfect mixing type chamber, and the second reaction chamber is an imperfect mixing type chamber. The first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber each have an ultraviolet light source capable of emitting light of wavelength 300 nm or less.

Abstract: A microencapsulation and electrostatic processing (MEP) device is provided for forming microcapsules. In one embodiment, the device comprises a chamber having a filter which separates a first region in the chamber from a second region in the chamber. An aqueous solution is introduced into the first region through an inlet port, and a hydrocarbon/polymer solution is introduced into the second region through another inlet port. The filter acts to stabilize the interface and suppress mixing between the two immiscible solutions as they are being introduced into their respective regions. After the solutions have been introduced and have become quiescent, the interface is gently separated from the filter. At this point, spontaneous formation of microcapsules at the interface may begin to occur, or some fluid motion may be provided to induce microcapsule formation. In any case, the fluid shear force at the interface is limited to less than 100 dynes/cm2.

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus for the production and treatment of granules and a method for its operation is provided. The fluidized bed apparatus includes an entry chamber through which a gas is designed to flow upwards; a fluidization chamber for fluidizing the material located above the entry chamber; pivotal slats located between the entry chamber and the fluidization chamber; and a nozzle arm located in the chamber below the slats with a nozzle line ending in a nozzle which is directed into the fluidization chamber through cutouts in the slats and extends partly into the fluidization chamber. The fluidized bed apparatus has rigid nozzle arms and lines which are easily jacketed for heating and cooling applications.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a purification device that includes a porous body and a catalyst. To reduce the emission of pollutants, a pollutant-containing stream of gas flows through the porous body.

Abstract: A vertical condenser is installed on or above a urea synthesis column to condense the mixed gas from the stripper by bringing it into contact with an absorption medium under cooling. A first down pipe for making the top part of the condenser communicate with the bottom part of the synthesis column is provided to allow the resultant condensate to flow down to the bottom part of the synthesis column by gravity. The condensate is subjected to urea synthesis together with feed ammonia or a part of feed carbon dioxide supplied thereto. The urea synthesis solution thus formed is introduced into the stripper by gravity through a second down pipe having an opening in the top part of the synthesis column. Unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide are separated as the aforesaid mixed gas by the rest of the feed carbon dioxide and introduced into the bottom part of the aforesaid condenser so as to be condensed.

Abstract: Composite materials of the invention, which include a gas-tight ceramic, a porous metallic support, and an interfacial zone therebetween eliminate the need for mechanical seals between two such dissimilar materials. Oxygen ion-conducting dense ceramic membranes are formed on a porous metallic alloy to provide an interfacial zone identifiable by a gradient of composition in at least one metallic element across the interfacial zone between the dense ceramic membrane and the porous support. Processes using composite materials in accordance with the invention are, for example, used for production of synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and molecular hydrogen, whereby the synthesis gas is, advantageously, free of deleterious and/or inert gaseous diluents such as nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for constructing a gas distribution system which creates two distinct reaction zones within the same fluidized bed. The invention provides for the distribution of one type of gas at the bottom of the fluidized bed and a second type of gas at a higher level in the fluidized bed. The system is constructed of a plurality of modular units constructed entirely of refractory materials. The modules are fitted and linked together to form a grid, the size of which can be varied to accommodate different reactor sizes.

Abstract: An emission treatment system for removing oxides of nitrogen (NOx), from flue gases includes in the pretreatment portion a continuous plasma reactor receiving and modifying the gaseous effluent by applying a plasma discharge thereto. The plasma discharge, upon application to the gaseous effluent, decomposes the majority of the gaseous effluent to nitrogen and oxygen and oxidizes nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide. A preconditioning section is also provided for further modifying the gaseous effluent by washing the same with a mildly alkaline solution for removing ozone and lowering the process temperature. A continuous chemical scrubber uses an absorbent medium to substantially eliminate the nitrogen dioxide from the effluent and releases nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Systems and methods for synthesizing chemical compounds using a plurality reaction vessels. In particular, the present invention provides a synthesis apparatus capable of holding a plurality of reaction vessels for parallel synthesis of multiple discrete compounds or for combinatorial libraries of compounds. In one embodiment, a synthesis apparatus comprises a frame having a plurality of reaction vessel-holding openings and a plurality of valves for use in parallel synthesis of a plurality of compounds within reaction vessels.

Abstract: The apparatus for indirectly exchanging heat with narrow channels in a heat exchange type channel reaction zone uses plates containing partially perforated sections to simplify or eliminate the use of manifolds to distribute to and collect different fluids from the various channels. The invention simplifies the operation by directly communicating adjacent channels across sections of perforations located at one end or the other of the channels. The arrangement of this invention provides the advantage of more compact heat exchanging reactor arrangements. In this manner, multiple pass channels can be contained in a single plate channel arrangement using only single or double distribution manifolds at the ends of the channels. The arrangement of the invention can also simplify the use of a single manifold arrangement at one end of the channels to facilitate catalyst unloading and catalyst replacement in the reaction channels.

Abstract: The present invention is a valve for a non-recovery coke oven which permits improved control of the gas pressure in the interior cavity of the oven. The valve has a rotating plug with a beveled end which progressively connects and disconnects the interior cavity of an oven with a downcomer valve disposed in an oven wall to change the gas pressure in the interior of the oven. By controlling the gas pressure the amount of combustion air entering the oven can be controlled giving an operator control over the thermal gradients established by combustion. The combustion of a majority of the coal gas in the flues below the oven floor creates a thermal gradient that rises through the oven floor, a gradient which is ideal for the production of an improved coke product.

Abstract: Devices for controlling the reaction rate of a hydrocarbon to an acid or other intermediate oxidation product by pressure drop rate adjustments. The devices incorporate a reaction chamber, different means for monitoring miscellaneous parameters, means for feeding ingredients including gases, means for exiting products and gases, means for stopping the feeding and exiting of gases at predetermined time intervals, means for measuring the pressure drop rate during the period that the feeding and exiting of gases takes effect, and a controller, the function of which is to conduct adjustments in one or more of temperature, feeding rates of hydrocarbon, solvent, catalyst, promoter, and the like until the pressure drop rate and the reaction rate fall within desirable predetermined limits.

Abstract: A distributor assembly for a multi-bed, downflow catalytic reactor is disclosed. The distributor assembly is configured for disposal and fixable attachment between the inner surfaces of the walls of a multi-bed downflow cylindrical reactor wall and for disposal between vertically stacked catalyst beds within the reactor.

Abstract: An FCC process combines ultra short catalyst and feed contacting with the blending of spent and regenerated catalyst in a disengaging vessel that recovers a primary product and passes the separated catalyst to a riser for controlled cracking of the adsorbed heavier hydrocarbons. The disengaging vessel is used as a separation zone to quickly withdraw lighter products that are initially cracked and the riser is used for the remaining hydrocarbons as a controlled secondary cracking section to further convert heavier feed components that are not quickly displaced from the catalyst in the blending/disengaging vessel zone. A separate feed may be added riser downstream of the blending disengaging vessel for cracking of secondary feeds. The arrangement provides a great deal of flexibility in the operation of ultra short catalyst contact systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing vapor and liquid reactants within a column. The apparatus forms a first mixing zone into which a first reactant (e.g. vapor) is homogenized by swirl flow and flows vertically downward. The apparatus further forms a second mixing zone into which a second reactant (e.g., liquid) is homogenized by swirl flow and flows vertically downward. Additional amounts of either the first reactant, the second reactant or both may be added into or ahead of the first mixing zone or the second mixing zone as appropriate. The first reactant is directed radially to collide in crossflow with a thin sheet of the second reactant to provide intense mixing of the first and second reactants. Due to separate mixing zones for the two reactants, the mixing conditions for each can be tailored to best mix each reactant while minimizing pressure drop and minimizing the space and volume requirements for this mixing.

Abstract: A reactor vessel comprising (a) a cylindrically shaped, hollow core element as the inner wall, which element is open at both ends; and (b) at least one layer of high performance fibers, preferably having a tensile strength of at least 100 MPa, arranged around the core element in an essentially circumferential orientation, wherein the fibers are embedded in a rigid polymeric or resinous matrix. The reactor vessel is suitably part of a high pressure reactor, which further includes two plugging elements arranged in the opposing open ends of the vessel, which plugging elements are mounted on a common frame for balancing the forces exerted on the plugging elements. The reactor is very suitable for use in high pressure operations.

Abstract: An intumescent catalyst mounting mat is provided by cutting a single piece of mat into a desired profile and cutting a slit about 1/2 way through the thickness of the mat at a selected fold line. The mat is then easily folded upon itself to create a double thickness mat that is already secured to the next layer and may have any desired profile.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a plant for the conversion of an olefinic C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 cut to an alkyl-tertiobutylether or alkyl-tertioamylether and to propylene, by metathesis. The plant comprises four successive stages: (1) selective hydrogenation of the diolefins with simultaneous isomerisation of the alpha olefins to internal olefins; (2) etherification of the isoolefins; (3) elimination of oxygen-containing impurities; (4) metathesis of internal olefins with ethylene. Application to C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 steam cracking units.