Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: An exemplary hydrogen production apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes a grinding unit 10 configured to grind a silicon chip or a silicon grinding scrap 1 to form silicon fine particles 2, and a hydrogen generator 70 configured to generate hydrogen by causing the silicon fine particles 2 to contact with as well as disperse in, or to contact with or dispersed in water or an aqueous solution. The hydrogen production apparatus 100 can achieve reliable production of a practically adequate amount of hydrogen from a start material of silicon chips or silicon grinding scraps that are ordinarily regarded as waste. The hydrogen production apparatus thus effectively utilizes the silicon chips or the silicon grinding scraps so as to contribute to environmental protection as well as to significant reduction in cost for production of hydrogen that is utilized as an energy source in the next generation.

Abstract: A method of co-producing liquid hydrogen and ammonia, including a hydrogen generator, a nitrogen generator, and a HLU is presented. The method includes pressurizing a hydrogen stream from the hydrogen generator in a hydrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized hydrogen into at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion includes at least part of the flow of a first refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to an ammonia plant. The method also includes pressurizing a nitrogen stream from the nitrogen generator in a HP nitrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized nitrogen stream into at least a first part and a second part, wherein the first part comprises at least part of the flow of a second refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to the ammonia plant.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cathode active material precursor for a secondary battery, including: moving a co-precipitation filtrate generated after a co-precipitation reaction to a co-precipitation filtrate storage tank; removing a metal hydroxide by passing the co-precipitation filtrate through a filter; reacting the co-precipitation filtrate from which the metal hydroxide is removed with sulfuric acid or nitric acid to produce an ammonium sulfate or an ammonium nitrate while removing ammonia from the co-precipitation filtrate from which the metal hydroxide is removed; cooling and crystallizing the co-precipitation filtrate from which the metal hydroxide and ammonia are removed to precipitate a sodium sulfate; filtering the precipitated sodium sulfate to separate the precipitated sodium sulfate from the co-precipitation filtrate from which the metal hydroxide and ammonia are removed; drying the sodium sulfate separated from the co-precipitation filtrate and moving the co-precipitation filtrate separated from t

Abstract: The disclosure provides a silicon carbide seed crystal and a method of manufacturing a silicon carbide ingot. The silicon carbide seed crystal has a silicon surface and a carbon surface opposite to the silicon surface. A difference D between a basal plane dislocation density BPD1 of the silicon surface and a basal plane dislocation density BPD2 of the carbon surface satisfies the following formula (1), a local thickness variation (LTV) of the silicon carbide seed crystal is 2.5 ?m or less, and a stacking fault (SF) density of the silicon carbide seed crystal is 10 EA/cm2 or less: D=(BPD1?BPD2)/BPD1?25%??(1).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering CO2 from an effluent stream from a hydrogen production process unit are described. The process utilizes a CO2 recovery system integrated with a PSA system that produces at least two product streams to recover additional hydrogen and CO2 from the tail gas stream of a hydrogen PSA unit in the hydrogen production process.

Abstract: A method for preparing lithium borohydride by means of room temperature solid phase ball milling, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing a magnesium-containing reducing agent and a lithium metaborate-containing reducing material under a non-oxidizing atmosphere at room temperature, performing solid phase ball milling, isolating and purifying to obtain lithium borohydride. The method has the advantages of having a simple process, having a controllable and adjustable reaction procedure, having mild reaction conditions, energy consumption being low, costs being low, and output being high, while creating no pollution, being safe and cyclically using boron resources, having important practical significance.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-enriched product and recovering CO2 from an effluent stream from a hydrogen production unit are described. The effluent from the hydrogen production unit, which comprises a mixture of gases comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water, and at least one of methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and argon, is sent to a PSA system that produces at least two product streams for separation. The PSA system that produces at least two product streams separates the gas mixture into a high-pressure hydrogen stream enriched in hydrogen, optionally a second gas stream containing the majority of the impurities, and a low-pressure tail gas stream enriched in CO2 and some impurities. The CO2-rich tail gas stream is compressed and sent to a CO2 recovery unit, where a CO2-enriched stream is recovered. The CO2-depleted overhead gas stream is recycled to the PSA system that produces at least two product streams.

Abstract: A process is proposed for producing pure hydrogen by steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, preferably natural gas or naphtha, with a simultaneously low and preferably adjustable export steam flow rate. The process includes the steam reforming of the feed gas, for which the heat of reaction required is provided by combustion of one or more fuel gases with combustion air in a multitude of burners arranged within the reformer furnace. According to the invention, the combustion air, before being introduced into the burners, is heated by means of at least one heat exchanger in indirect heat exchange with the hot flue gas to temperatures of at least 530° C.

Abstract: High temperature moderators for nuclear reactors and processes for their production are disclosed. The moderators include at least one hydrided metal and/or hydride metal allow, such as yttrium hydride, thorium hydride, yttrium-cerium hydride, yttrium-gadolinium hydride, yttrium calcium hydride, cerium hydride, etc. Such metal hydrides and/or hydride alloys may have high thermal stability, a relatively low thermal neutron absorption cross section, the ability to retain hydrogen over a large temperature range, and have good mechanical properties. Such moderators may induce spectral shift in reactors which, in turn, magnifies the Doppler reactivity temperature coefficient. Such moderators to thermalize neutrons may also enhance fuel utilization and cost-effectiveness of the reactor while keeping the core portable.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, methods, and devices for generating hydrogen pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (methane, diesel, JP8, etc.) in a reactor. The reactor includes multiple channels in parallel. A hydrocarbon flows in a channel and decomposes into hydrogen and carbon. Hydrogen gas flows out and some of the carbon will deposit on the channel wall. Once carbon deposition reaches a predetermined level, the hydrocarbon flow stops, and air or oxygen is caused to flow into the channels to oxidize carbon into carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and supply heat to neighboring channels. Simultaneously, the hydrocarbon will flow into neighboring channels causing decomposition into hydrogen and carbon in the neighboring channels. When the carbon coating in the neighboring channels reaches a predetermined level, the gas flow is switched again to air or oxygen. In this way, each channel alternates between decomposing the hydrocarbon and oxidizing the deposited carbon.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. A heater may heat reformers, where the reformers comprise ammonia (NH3) reforming catalysts in thermal communication with the heater. NH3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2). At least part of the reformate stream can be used to heat reformers. Additionally, the reformate stream can be directed to a hydrogen processing module such as a fuel cell.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating method includes generating hydrogen by dehydrogenation-reacting a chemical hydride of a solid state with an acid aqueous solution. The dehydrogenation-reaction is performed by reacting 1 mol of hydrogen atoms of the chemical hydride with an acid and water at a molar ratio of 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: High purity hydrogen is produced by a steam reforming hydrogen production unit with at least one of a bayonet reactor for reforming steam and a hydrocarbon, a recuperative burner, and a regenerative burner such that the steam reforming unit produces little or no steam in excess of the steam reforming process requirements. High purity hydrogen is separated from the syngas exiting the reformer via a pressure swing adsorption unit and combined with high purity nitrogen from an air separation unit as feedstock to a Haber process ammonia synthesis unit. Compressors for the ammonia synthesis unit are driven by higher efficiency drivers than are possible using the low temperature steam conventionally exported from a steam reforming unit. Compression power requirements are reduced.

Abstract: A stable aluminum slurry fuel and related systems and methods of use are provided herein. Certain embodiments of the disclosure are related to an aluminum slurry fuel comprising a plurality of aluminum particles dispersed in a carrier fluid. In some embodiments, the aluminum particles comprise an activating composition comprising gallium and/or indium. Additionally, methods of making and using the aluminum slurry fuel are presented herein. For instance, the resultant aluminum slurry fuel may react exothermically with water over a wide range of temperatures to produce hydrogen. The resulting slurry fuel may be used as an energy source for various applications and/or for generating hydrogen for other applications.

Abstract: A hollow fiber that generally extends in a longitudinal direction is provided. The hollow fiber comprises a hollow cavity that extends along at least a portion of the fiber in the longitudinal direction. The cavity is defined by an interior wall that is formed front a thermoplastic composition containing a continuous phase that includes a polyolefin matrix polymer and a nanoinclusion additive dispersed within the continuous phase in the form of discrete domains. A porous network is defined in the composition that includes a plurality of nanopores.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid state hydrogen storage device, capable of providing a weight reduction of a hydrogen storage system while inhibiting heat conduction performance from being degraded, and also of increasing hydrogen storage capacity. The present disclosure provides a heat conduction fin including multiple tube passing holes through which the heat exchange tube passes and linear-shaped connecting portions connecting the tube passing holes to each other, and a solid state hydrogen storage device having the same.

Abstract: In one aspect, a process to decompose a hydrocarbon such as methane into carbon (graphitic powder) and hydrogen (H2 gas) without secondary production of carbon dioxide, employing a cycle in which a secondary chemical can be recycled and reused, is disclosed.