Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus arranged and designed for converting non-methane hydrocarbon gases into multiple product gas streams including a predominately hydrogen gas stream and a predominately methane gas steam. Hydrocarbon gas streams are reformed, cracked, or converted into a synthesis gas stream and methane gas stream by receiving a volume of flare gas or other hydrocarbon liquid or gas feed, where the volume of hydrocarbon feed includes a volume of methane and volume of nonmethane hydrocarbons. The hydrogen contained in the syngas may be separated into a pure hydrogen gas stream. A corresponding gas conversion system can include a super heater to provide a hydrocarbon feed/steam mixture, a heavy hydrocarbon reactor for synthesis gas formation, and a hydrogen separator to recover the hydrogen portion of the synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate to the utilization of coal-derived fine mineral matter in chemical recycling of plastics or of solid mixed plastic waste. The instantly disclosed mineral based catalyst benefits the processes of catalytic cracking, gasification and steam reforming to maximize carbon utilization and production of plastics of original quality from recycled or renewable feedstocks while reducing the plastic pollution in the environment. The catalyst can be based on inorganic fine mineral matter, a natural ancient mineral mixture found in coal deposits and containing a plurality of transition metals, such as iron, copper, and manganese, as well as calcium, barium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, which can act as co-catalysts. Addition of the catalyst can convert plastic to syngas at a faction of the energy of conventional technologies.

Abstract: A method and process of producing gasoline and diesel from hydrocarbon wastes, by gradually heating the hydrocarbon waste in a reducing atmosphere, up to 550° C. During the heating process and at various temperature points long chains of hydrocarbon are broken down into smaller hydrocarbon chains. During the heating process radical hydrogen gas is introduced to the reactor where the radical hydrogen gas reacts with smaller hydrocarbon chains to produce 45% coke petroleum oil, 45% liquid hydrocarbons composed of gasoline and gasoil and 10% gases including methane, ethane, propane and steam. The radicalized hydrogen atoms are produced at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Hydrogen gas is produced by dissolving aluminum scraps are dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution in a reactor. As hydrogen gas is produced the reactor is heated to 120° C. in the presence of electromagnetic waves causing the breakdown of hydrogen gas into hydrogen gas radicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons with steam, and for separation of carbon dioxide. The process includes one endothermic and one autothermal reforming step for production of a synthesis gas stream, wherein heat generated in the autothermal reforming step is utilized for heating in the endothermic reforming step. The process also includes a step of converting the synthesis gas stream obtained for enrichment with hydrogen, a step of separating the hydrogen thus prepared by pressure swing adsorption, and a step of separation of carbon dioxide from the residual gas obtained in the pressure swing adsorption. The reforming units for the endothermal and autothermal reforming steps are arranged parallel to one another or in series.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a hydrogen extraction reactor, comprising a chamber including an inner space; a reaction unit which is provided to pass through the inside of the chamber and where an endothermic reaction for hydrogen extraction occurs; a heating unit which is provided to be spaced apart from the reaction unit inside the chamber and transfers heat to the inside of the chamber; and a heat transfer material which is provided between the reaction unit and the heating unit in the chamber, wherein the heat transfer material undergoes a phase transition between a gas phase and a liquid phase according to the entry and exit of heat from the heating unit or the reaction unit.

Abstract: Proposed is a process and a plant for production of pure carbon monoxide and hydrogen by steam reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane or naphtha, to afford a raw synthesis gas and subsequent, multistage workup, purification and fractionation of the raw synthesis gas to afford the target products, wherein the material streams obtained as by-products of the process chain are also to be advantageously utilized. This is achieved according to the invention by providing the recirculating compressor provided for recycling of the by-product material streams with a plurality of parallel, independently operable compressor stages.

Abstract: Provided are a structured catalyst for CO shift or reverse shift that can realize a long life time by suppressing the decline in function, a method for producing the same, a CO shift or reverse shift reactor, a method for producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and a method for producing carbon monoxide and water. The structured catalyst for CO shift or reverse shift (1) includes a support (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one CO shift or reverse shift catalytic substance (20) present in the support (10), the support (10) has channels (11) connecting with each other, and the CO shift or reverse shift catalytic substance (20) is present at least in the channels (11) of the support (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to petroleum sludge or other wastes recycle treatment system, which comprises a pre-treatment operation facility for a treated matter to be treated as a raw material. A feeding unit is arranged to feed the raw material into at least one gasification reactor with a push rod or a screw for pyrolysis gasification. The upper half of the at least one gasification reactor is provided with a syngas collecting pipe which can be connected with a gas collecting pump, and the lower half is provided with a liquid petroleum output pipe and an ash residue outlet, in which the ash residue outlet can be provided with a spiral pipe to draw the ash residue out. The petroleum sludge and other wastes in a dense fluid state are transported from a raw material tank to the at least one gasification reactor end which is bent upward through at least one pipe body, and the feeding mode of pyrolysis gasification of the raw material from below to upper of the gasification reactor is adopted.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, methods, and devices for generating high-pressure gas such as hydrogen and oxygen. In one aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a reactor which includes a pressure vessel containing a metal compound configured to react with a liquid to generate the high-pressure gas when the liquid is available in the vessel. The reactor includes an outlet configured to pass the generated high-pressure gas out of the vessel. The apparatus also includes a receiver configured to store the generated high-pressure gas generated in the vessel and passed to a receiver via the outlet or passed directly to fuel cell or vehicle tank.

Abstract: Some embodiments described herein provide for methods for synthesizing magnesium borohydride from hydrogenation of magnesium boride at moderate temperature and pressure in the presence of a modifier. The modifier may be in form of hydrides, liquid hydrogen carriers, ammonia borane, metallic species, croconate anion based materials, ethers, amines or imines, metal carbides, borides, graphene, arenes, magnesium, aluminum, calcium or ionic liquids. Some embodiments provide for charging magnesium boride in presence of a modifier at high pressure hydrogen while simultaneously heating the material. The modification in some instances may lead to an improved magnesium boride product with enhanced properties for application in other hydrogen storage systems.

Abstract: A synthesis gas plant for producing synthesis gas, said synthesis gas plant including an electrically heated reforming reactor system including a first catalyst active for catalyzing steam methane reforming reaction, said electrically heated reforming reactor system being arranged to receive a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons and outletting a first synthesis gas stream. The synthesis gas plant also includes a post converter downstream the electrically heated reforming reactor system, said post converter housing a second catalyst active for catalyzing steam methane reforming/methanation reactions and reverse water gas shift reaction, said post converter being arranged to receive at least part of said first synthesis gas stream and outletting a second synthesis gas stream. Furthermore, the synthesis gas plant includes means for adding a heated CO2 rich gas stream to the at least part of the first synthesis gas stream upstream the post converter and/or into the post converter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus of ocean carbon capture and storage (Ocean CCS), which can be used for carrying out carbon capture and storage of flue gas discharged from marine facilities using fossil energy such as coastal power plants and marine ships, and direct air capture (DAC). The natural engineering method are adopted in the present invention, and natural seawater is used for washing and dissolving CO2 gas for carbon capture; and natural seawater carbonate neutralization and formed bicarbonate is used for ocean storage in water column; and low head and large water flow is used to save energy. The discharged water complies with environmental regulations. The present invention provides an affordable and green effective mean for using marine ecosystems of carbon sinks and reservoirs to respond to the climate change.

Abstract: A method of preparing a porous sheet includes mixing a matrix material dispersion including a matrix material dispersed in a first dispersion medium with a microorganism dispersion including microorganisms in a second dispersion medium, to form a mixture. The first and the second dispersion media are removed from the mixture to form a matrix sheet, and the microorganisms are decomposed from the matrix sheet to form the porous sheet.

Abstract: Techniques for converting carbonate material to carbon monoxide include transferring heat and at least one feed stream that includes a carbonate material and at least one of hydrogen, oxygen, water, or a hydrocarbon, into an integrated calcination and syngas production system that includes a syngas generating calciner (SGC) reactor; calcining the carbonate material to produce a carbon dioxide product and a solid oxide product; initiating a syngas production reaction; producing, from the syngas production reaction, at least one syngas product that includes at least one of a carbon monoxide product, a water product or a hydrogen product; and transferring at least one of the solid oxide product or the at least one syngas product out of the SGC reactor.

Abstract: A hydrogen production apparatus includes: a first furnace configured to heat a mixed gas of a raw material gas, which contains at least methane, and hydrogen to 1,000° C. or more and 2,000° C. or less; and a second furnace configured to accommodate a catalyst for accelerating a reaction of a first gas generated in the first furnace to a nanocarbon material, and to maintain the first gas at 500° C. or more and 1,200° C. or less.

Abstract: The invention provides a method (10) for ammonia production, the method (10) comprising: —reacting dihydrogen and dinitrogen (115) to form ammonia in a reactor (120); providing a reactor gas mixture (125) from the reactor (120) to a recycle loop (130), wherein the recycle loop (130) comprises or is functionally coupled to a separator (140); and providing at least part of the reactor gas mixture (125) from the recycle loop (130) to the reactor (120); and —switching between a first operation mode (20) and a second operation mode (30), wherein: in the first operation mode (20) dihydrogen and dinitrogen (115) are provided to the reactor (120), and the separator (140) provides a first fraction F1 of the ammonia from the reactor gas mixture (125) to a product outlet (150); and in the second operation mode (30) the separator (140) provides a second fraction F2 of the ammonia from the reactor gas mixture (125) to the product outlet (140); wherein the first fraction F1 is larger than the second fraction F2, and wherei

Abstract: According to this disclosure, there is provided a pyrolysis reaction system and a direct non-oxidative methane coupling process using the same by which it is possible to reach the selectivity for good C?10 hydrocarbons and at the same time to inhibit coke from being generated while a good methane conversion is maintained during direct conversion of methane into C2+ hydrocarbons through non-oxidative pyrolysis.

Abstract: Provided is a process capable of converting the cokes on spent catalysts in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process into synthesis gas. The produced synthesis gas contains high concentrations of CO and H2 and may be utilized in many downstream applications such as syngas fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and synthesis of chemical intermediates. A reducer/regenerator reactor for a fluid catalytic process comprising a chemical looping system to produce synthesis gas is also described.

Abstract: A hydrogen plant for producing hydrogen, including: a reforming reactor system including a first catalyst bed including an electrically conductive material and a catalytically active material, a heat insulation layer between the first catalyst bed and the pressure shell, and at least two conductors electrically connected to the electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the first catalyst bed to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through the electrically conductive material, where the pressure shell has a design pressure of between 5 and 200 bar; a water gas shift unit downstream the reforming reactor system; and a gas separation unit downstream the water gas shift unit. A process for producing hydrogen from a feed gas including hydrocarbons.