Abstract: A device including at least two ICEs that optically interact with a sample light to generate a first and a second modified lights is provided. The at least two ICEs include alternating layers of material, each of the layers having a thickness selected such that the weighted linear combination of the transmission functions is similar to the regression vector associated with a characteristic of the sample. The device may also include a detector that measures a property of the first and second modified lights separately to generate a first and second signal, respectively, wherein the weighted average of first and second signals is linearly related to the characteristic of the sample. A method for fabricating the above device is also provided.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus for monitoring a plant canopy over a field is disclosed. The technique includes receiving first sensor values from a plurality of plant canopy sensors disposed in or on a ground of the field under the plant canopy. The first sensor values are indicative of near-infrared (IR) light reflected or reradiated from the plant canopy. Second sensor values are also received from the plant canopy sensors. The second sensor values are indicative of red light that is incident through the plant canopy. A map of the plant canopy may be generated based upon the first and second sensor values.

Abstract: A method for acquiring an image data record with an x-ray imaging system with a recording system that may be rotated around an examination object is provided. The recording system is embodied for an endless rotation. The method includes providing a calibration data record that has measurement data from a plurality of rotations of the recording system in endless rotation. At least one selectable acquisition parameter is received from the group consisting of: period of acquisition; number of projection images to be acquired; angular region of the acquisition to be recorded; and angular increment between every two sequential projection images. An acquisition protocol with the selected acquisition parameter(s) is determined from the provided calibration data record. The determined acquisition protocol is loaded, and an image data record is recorded using the determined acquisition protocol.

Abstract: A large-area directional radiation detection system useful in detecting shielded radiological weapons may include a large number of prism-shaped detectors stacked in a two-dimensional array of particle detectors in which alternate detectors are displaced frontward and rearward in, for example, a checkerboard-type arrangement of detectors. If a source of radiation is in front of the array, the frontward detectors act as collimators for the rearward detectors, thereby producing a narrow detection peak among the rearward detectors. The lateral position of the detection peak indicates the lateral position of the source, and the width of the detection peak indicates the distance of the source from the detector array, thereby providing a three-dimensional determination of the source location.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic component for producing infrared radiation. Said component includes a first element and a second element arranged so as to form a closed vacuum cavity in which at least one resistive element of said electronic component is suspended, the at least one resistive element including metal. Said first and second elements are connected by eutectic solder so as to sealingly close the cavity. Said electronic component comprises connection terminals located outside the closed cavity and connected electrically to the suspended resistive element.

Abstract: In the radiography system, a camera image of the usage environment in which the electronic cassette is used is captured. An in-image cassette region of the electronic cassette is detected from the camera image. The cassette ID of the electronic cassette is acquired from the in-image cassette region. The acquired cassette ID is collated with the cassette ID of the use cassette set in the console to check whether the use cassette is present.

Abstract: A detector is described having readout electronics integrated in the photodetector layer. The detector may be configured to acquire both energy-integrated and photon-counting data. In one implementation, the detector is also configured with control logic to select between the jointly generated photon-counting and energy-integrated data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for testing an electronic component for defects, by examining the electronic component in a production line by means of automatic optical inspection; determining the coordinates of regions in which an examination using automatic optical inspection is not possible; transmitting the coordinates of these regions from the production line to a computer; transporting the electronic component from the production line into an X-ray device which is arranged outside the production line, for non-destructive material testing; transmitting the coordinates of the regions from the computer to this X-ray device; examining the electronic component by means of the X-ray device only in the regions in which an examination using automatic optical inspection is not possible; transmitting the results of the examination in the X-ray device to the computer; returning the electronic component to the production line if the result indicates that it is not defective.

Abstract: A detector element is for detecting incident x-ray radiation. The detector element includes a scintillation layer for converting the x-ray radiation into scintillation light and a photoactive element for converting the scintillation light into an electric signal. The photoactive element includes a first photoactive absorption layer contacted by an electrode, and a second photoactive absorption layer contacted by a counter electrode. Here, the scintillation layer is arranged between the first photoactive absorption layer and the second photoactive absorption layer.

Abstract: A multi-site fluorescence recording system provides simultaneous monitoring of cell activity in different brain regions of a freely moving animal. The system includes an electrical rotary joint that couples signals to and from an external data acquisition and control unit connected to a stator of the rotary joint, which releases twisting of the optical fibers connected to the animal. Electrical signals are coupled to one or more fluorescence stimulation/detection units on the rotor of the rotary joint. The fluorescence stimulation/detection units receive one or more connections from optical fibers that connect the stimulation/detection unit(s) to the different brain sites. The rotating stimulation/detection units include spectral filters to separate the excitation light from the fluorescence signal, light sensors (an image sensor or photodiodes) and excitation light sources.

Abstract: A device for determining the location of a source of radiation, based on data acquired at a single orientation of the device without iteration or rotations. Embodiments may comprise two side detector panels flanking a shield layer, plus a front detector positioned orthogonally in front of the side detectors. The various detectors thereby have contrasting angular sensitivities, so that a predetermined angular correlation function can determine the sign and magnitude of the source angle according to the detection rates. Rapid detection and localization of nuclear and radiological weapon materials enables greatly improved inspection of cargo containers and personnel. Advanced detectors such as those disclosed herein will be needed in the coming decades to protect against clandestine weapon transport.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing carbon isotope 14C is provided. A carbon isotope analyzer including an isotopic carbon dioxide generator to generate isotopic carbon dioxide from a carbon isotope; a spectrometer including an optical resonator having a pair of mirrors, and a photodetector to determine the intensity of light transmitted from the optical resonator; and a light generator including a light source, a first optical fiber to transmit a light beam from the light source, a second optical fiber for wavelength conversion, the second optical fiber branching from the first optical fiber at a point and combining with the first optical fiber at another point downstream of the branching point, and a non-linear optical crystal to generate light having the absorption wavelength of the isotopic carbon dioxide on the basis of the difference in frequency between light beams transmitted through the optical crystal.

Abstract: A 3D printed hybrid nozzle device combining a microfluidic mixer with a liquid jet injector that addresses the bottleneck of investigating substrate-initiated biological reaction paths employing serial crystallography with XFELs. The hybrid nozzle provides for injecting aqueous protein crystal jets after fast mixing (<5 ms), reaching reaction time points (e.g., about 10 ms to about 150 ms) suitable to resolve enzyme kinetics.

Abstract: An electronic radiation generator may include a target material that emits radiation in response to being struck by an accelerated electron beam, an accelerator chamber that accelerates the electron beam toward the target, and a cathode emitter that emits electrons from an exposed surface of a thermionic emission material of the cathode emitter. The cathode emitter may have a thermionic emission material that is partially covered and partially exposed by a protective layer, which may focus the electron beam. Additionally or alternatively, an aperture assembly may form an aperture in front of the cathode emitter in relation to the target. The aperture assembly may at least partially block the exposed surface of the thermionic emission material in relation to the target. Since the aperture shapes the electron beam, the aperture causes the electron beam to remain more stable even when the cathode emitter shakes or vibrates.

Abstract: An X-ray detector, an X-ray photographing apparatus including the X-ray detector, and a method of manufacturing the X-ray detector are provided. The X-ray detector includes a photoconversion layer configured to convert an X-ray into light having a wavelength range that is different from a wavelength range of the X-ray, a sensing layer arranged on the photoconversion layer and including a plurality of pixels configured to output the light as an electrical signal, a protective layer arranged on the sensing layer and protecting the sensing layer from physical shocks, and an anti-static layer arranged on the protective layer and preventing an electrostatic charge from being introduced into the sensing layer.

Abstract: In a method and a system for authenticating an object marked with XRF marking, a wavelength spectral profile is provided of a detected portion of an X-Ray signal arriving from an object in response to X-Ray or Gamma-Ray radiation applied to the object and the wavelength spectral profile is filtered to suppress trend and periodic components from the wavelength spectral profile to obtain a filtered profile with improved signal to noise or signal to clutter ratio. The object can be authenticated by processing the filtered profile and identifying one or more peaks therein, which satisfy a predetermined condition, whereby the wavelengths of the identified peaks are indicative of the signatures of materials included in the object.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a control unit that controls a radiation image capturing operation performed by a pixel array based on determination of start of radiation irradiation based on comparison between a measured value that is an amount of change with respect to a reference value and acquired using a detection unit for detecting irradiation of the pixel array with radiation and a threshold value in one of positive and negative with respect to the reference value. The control unit changes the threshold value within a predetermined range and according to the measured value in other range of the positive and the negative.

Abstract: An imaging panel having a plurality of pixels, for picking up scintillation light obtained by converting X-ray projected from an X-ray source, with use of a scintillator, includes photodiodes, TFTs, and an organic film. The photodiodes are provided at the pixels, respectively, for receiving the scintillation light and converting the same into charges. The TFTs are provided at the pixels, respectively, for reading the charges obtained through the conversion by the photodiodes. In one pixel area of the pixels, an area where the organic film is not provided exists in a layer at an upper position with respect to the TFTs, other than an area where a contact hole CH1 for connecting the photodiode and the drain electrode is provided.

Abstract: A scanning system includes a first base, a bed panel, a bed board, a second base and an X-ray mechanism. The bed panel, movably located on the first base, includes a first image-receiving module. The bed board is movably located on the bed panel. The second base, located aside to the first base, includes a second image-receiving module. The X-ray mechanism, connected with the first base, includes an X-ray tube. While the bed panel and the bed board are moved away from the second base, and the X-ray mechanism is moved toward the second base; then, the X-ray tube would undergo a vertical movement to a position aside to a lateral side of the first base by facing the second base.

Abstract: A metal organic framework is configured to emit fluorescence and deform by interaction with a target molecule. The metal organic framework includes: a metal ion; a quadridentate ligand bonded to the metal ion; and a bidentate ligand bonded to the metal ion.