Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering light olefins, which can achieve an increase in propylene production and a reduction in the basic unit of a process by feeding steam into five serially connected dehydrogenation reactors, and can diversify the product of a propane dehydrogenation reaction process from a propylene single product into propylene and ethylene by separately collecting ethane and ethylene, i.e., by-products of the propylene production process, and converting the ethane into ethylene, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the process and selectivity.

Abstract: Methods for operating a hydroprocessing reactor and preventing corrosion in a hydroprocessing unit are provided. The hydroprocessing reactor includes surfaces exposed to corrosive compounds. In one aspect, a graphene-based coating is applied to the surfaces of the reactor. A feed comprising crude oil or its fractions and hydrogen is introduced into the reactor, and the operating temperature of the reactor is increased to 36° C.-600° C. The reactor is operated at a pressure of 10 bar-250 bar. The feed is then hydroprocessed in the reactor and the coating defines a barrier on the surfaces of the reactor to prevent corrosion. In another aspect, after application of the coating, the coated surface is tested to determine whether the coating covers the entire surface. Additional coating is then applied to one or more areas of the surface that were determined not to be covered by the initial coating.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide an aqueous reforming system and a method for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon feed and a surfactant stream are combined to produce a first precursor stream. The first precursor stream and an alkali feed are combined to produce a second precursor stream. The second precursor stream and a transition metal feed are combined to produce a catalytic emulsion stream. The catalytic emulsion stream is heated to produce a catalytic suspension and a decomposition gas, where the decomposition gas is separated by a first separator. The catalytic suspension is combined with a preheated water stream to produce an aqueous reformer feed. The aqueous reformer feed is introduced to an aqueous reformer such that the heavy hydrocarbons undergo conversion reactions to produce an effluent stream. The effluent stream is introduced to a second separator to produce a heavy stream and a light stream.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a process for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons comprising vacuum gas oil, hydrotreated vacuum gas oil, unconventional light crude oil, preferably unconventional light crude oil type shale/tight oil and its blends with conventional vacuum gas oil, in order to generate products of major commercial value in the field of fuels, getting improved gasoline and coke yield, as well as the procedure for the preparation of a catalyst with essential physical properties of density and particle size to uphold it in a fluidized bed under the operation conditions in the catalyst evaluation unit at micro level, wherein the catalyst particles achieve a catalytic performance similar to fluidized microspheres in a reactor, without appreciable generation of fine particles.

Abstract: An ebullated bed hydroprocessing system is upgraded using a dual catalyst system that includes a heterogeneous catalyst and dispersed metal sulfide particles, which permits recycling of vacuum bottoms without recycle buildup of asphaltenes. The dual catalyst system more effectively converts asphaltenes in the ebullated bed reactor and increases asphaltene conversion by an amount that at least offsets higher asphaltene concentration resulting from recycling of vacuum bottoms. In this way, there is no recycle buildup of asphaltenes in upgraded ebullated bed reactor notwithstanding recycling of vacuum bottoms. In addition, residual dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles in the vacuum bottoms can maintain or increase the concentration of the dispersed metal sulfide catalyst in the ebullated bed reactor.

Abstract: Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.

Abstract: A method of desulfurizing a liquid hydrocarbon having the steps of: adding a liquid hydrocarbon to a vessel, the hydrocarbon having a sulfur content; adding a catalyst and an oxidizer to create a mixture; oxidizing at least some of the sulfur content of the liquid hydrocarbon to form oxidized sulfur in the liquid hydrocarbon; separating the liquid hydrocarbon from the mixture; and removing at least some of the oxidized sulfur from the liquid hydrocarbon. Such methods can be carried out by batch or continuously. Systems for undertaking such methods are likewise disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing the cloud point of a base oil with high saturates/paraffinic content to below 0° C., wherein the method comprises subjecting said base oils to a cloud point reduction step comprising adding said base oil to a solvent mixture, wherein the solvent mixture comprises a paraffin naphtha fraction and a co-solvent to obtain a solvent treatment mixture; and subjecting the solvent treatment mixture to a solvent de-waxing step.

Abstract: A method for retrofitting a system for recovering paraxylene. The system is retrofitted with a pressure swing adsorption unit and a second isomerization reactor. The retrofit lowers the variable cost of the plant, while providing the opportunity to maintain existing equipment and furnace and refrigeration duty.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermally-treating and hydroprocessing pyrolysis tar to produce a hydroprocessed pyrolysis tar, but without excessive foulant accumulation during the hydroprocessing. The invention also relates to upgrading the hydroprocessed tar by additional hydroprocessing; to products of such processing; to blends comprising one or more of such products; and to the use of such products and blends, e.g., as lubricants, fuels, and/or constituents thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a hydraulic fluid composition comprising a hydrocarbon component comprising more than 5 wt % of naphthenic oil and up to 95 wt % of renewable or recycled isoparaffinic oil, based on the total weight of the composition. The hydraulic fluid composition is useful as an arctic hydraulic fluid composition, shock absorber or automatic transmission fluid.

Abstract: Treatment of hydrocarbon streams, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with reducing agents, such as borohydride and salts thereof, alone or together with at least one co-solvent results in reduction of the sulfur compounds such as disulfides, mercaptans, thiophenes, and thioethers that are present to give easily removed sulfides. In one non-limiting embodiment, the treatment converts the original sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide or low molecular weight mercaptans that can be extracted from the distillate with caustic solutions, hydrogen sulfide or mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

Abstract: Systems and methods include an aromatics complex (ARC), the ARC in fluid communication with a naphtha reforming unit (NREF) and operable to receive a reformate stream produced by the NREF, and the ARC further operable to separate the reformate stream into a gasoline pool stream, an aromatics stream, and an aromatic bottoms stream; and a hydrodearylation unit operable to receive heavy, non-condensed, alkyl-bridged, multi-aromatic compounds from the aromatic bottoms stream, the hydrodearylation unit further operable to hydrogenate and hydrocrack the heavy, non-condensed, alkyl-bridged, multi-aromatic compounds to produce a stream suitable for recycle to the NREF or the reformate stream, where the hydrodearylation unit is further operable to receive hydrogen produced in the NREF.

Abstract: A nanocomposite composition for oxidative desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, is disclosed. The nanocomposite composition comprises an amorphous mesoporous titania-silica (TiO2—SiO2) nanocomposite oxidative desulfurization (ODS) catalyst-adsorbent, including, a chelating agent, an alcohol, an alkoxides precursor of silica and titania, water, an organic polymer and a textural agent. The nanocomposite ODS catalyst-adsorbent is prepared with the aid of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as directing agent and citric acid (CA) as chelating agent. The PEG increases the specific surface area and average pore diameter of ODS catalyst-adsorbent, which facilitates the diffusion of bulky sulfur compounds into porosities of catalyst and adsorption of oxidized sulfur compounds on the catalyst surface. The citric acid controls the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium precursor, which improves ODS performance of catalyst-adsorbent.

Abstract: A process for steam cracking hydrocarbon feedstock in a steam cracking furnace, the process comprising superheating hydrocarbon feedstock using flue gas from a radiant section of the steam cracking furnace in hydrocarbon feedstock superheating means or the hydrocarbon feedstock superheater, superheating steam from the steam generator using the flue gas from the radiant section of the steam cracking furnace in second heat exchanging means or a second heat exchanger, steam cracking the super-heated hydrocarbon feedstock from the hydrocarbon feedstock superheating means or the hydrocarbon feedstock superheater into cracked gas in a fired tubular reactor, vaporizing the hydrocarbon feedstock, using hydrocarbon feedstock vaporizing means, wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock vaporizing means or the hydrocarbon feedstock vaporizer are heated with a heat transfer medium having a temperature less than or equal to 350° C. and feeding the vaporized hydrocarbon feedstock to the steam cracking furnace.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for obtaining ethylene and propylene products from, for example, shale gas and shale gas condensate feedstocks. These systems and method operate by utilizing a hydrocracker train to crack C4 and C5 hydrocarbons to a product stream of propane and ethane or using a hydrogenolysis train to process C4 and C5 hydrocarbons to a product stream of propane and ethane that is provided to a cracker for an efficient conversion to ethylene and propylene. The disclosed systems are configured to reduce the amount of offsite hydrogen needed and also provide product streams that include a well-defined set of products as compared to existing approaches.

Abstract: A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

Abstract: Processes and systems for the production of ethylbenzene using a dilute ethylene feed and subsequent recovery of ethane in the alkylation vent gas.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of base oils having a viscosity of greater than 4 centistokes from waste oils originating from industrial use or engine use, said process using a novel configuration for efficient and effective processing.

Abstract: Processes for catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock may include contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with catalyst in a first reforming unit to produce a first effluent and used catalyst. The method may further include passing a portion of the first effluent directly to a second reforming unit and contacting the first effluent with catalyst to produce a second effluent and used catalyst. The method may also include passing a portion of the second effluent directly to a third reforming unit and contacting the second effluent with catalyst to produce a reformate effluent and used catalyst. Additionally, the method may include regenerating at least a portion of the used catalyst to produce regenerated catalyst. The catalysts may each include regenerated catalyst.