Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises two liquid crystal cells disposed one behind the other between two polarizers, one cell having line electrodes and the other having pixel electrodes. The pixel electrodes are driven with image information in synchronism with the line electrodes. The orientation and refractive index of the liquid crystal cells are so chosen that transmission is not substantially altered when the control voltages are reversed. The two displays are so actuated that the switching angle never exceeds .+-.22.5.degree.. The polarity of the voltages is periodically so inverted that on average there is no DC voltage across the cells.

Abstract: A transmissive display device includes a driving substrate positioned on the emergent side which has both a group of pixels including component units each having a pixel electrode and a switching device, and a black matrix for shielding light from reaching the non-aperture part of each pixel from the incident side. The black matrix has an overlaid structure formed by overlaying a low-reflection metallic layer and a high-reflection metallic layer with an interlayer insulating film provided therebetween. Both layers are patterned, and partially overlap with each other as mutually complement to shield incident light. When observed in plan view from the incident side, the exposing area of the low-reflection layer is enlarged, while the exposing area of the high-reflection metallic layer is reduced to suppress the surface reflectance of the black matrix. Thereby, multiple reflection inside liquid crystal does not occur, and it is possible to prevent contrast deterioration caused by leaked rays.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) having a liquid crystal (LC) panel including a glass substrate, and an IC (Integrated Circuit) chip having input connection terminals and output connection terminals and mounted on the glass substrate. The output connection terminals are connected to an output conductive pattern formed on the glass substrate. The input connection terminals are connected to a connection substrate. The LCD therefore does not need an input conductive pattern customarily formed on the glass substrate. This insures the feed of signals to the IC chip and reduces the frame area of the glass substrate.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are a liquid crystal display device and a data processing device, which can have their frame portions reduced in area to reduce the size and weight by extracting the terminals of video signals to only one side of a liquid crystal display panel and by arranging a video signal line driving circuit substrate to be connected with the terminals, only at one side of the display panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which includes: a light-addressed liquid crystal light valve including a photoconductive layer and a liquid crystal layer between a pair of light transmitting substrates, each of the light transmitting substrates having an electrode for applying a voltage across the photoconductive layer and the liquid crystal layer; a writing unit for writing an image of a display medium in the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve with writing light from the display medium through a writing lens; a projecting unit for projecting the image written in the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve by irradiating reading light from a projection light source to the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve; and a controlling unit for controlling at least one of operational characteristics of the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve and a luminance of the writing light in accordance with a luminance of the display medium, is disclosed.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, respective ones of the electrodes on a substrate are provided so that an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate can be supplied to a liquid crystal layer. Polarizers for changing the optical characteristics based on the alignment of the liquid crystal layer are provided, as well as a shielding layer formed in parallel to the image signal electrodes on the substrate. The specific resistivity of the shielding layer is less than 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a color display device comprising a chromatic dispersive grating and an active matrix possibly of liquid crystal type. This device moreover comprises a matrix of spherical microlenses, the shape of the cross section of the microlenses being such that it makes it possible to compensate for the spreading of the R G B colored beams by virtue of the use of a dispersive grating, and hence to make best use of the circular aperture of projection objectives.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell includes a color filter substrate and an opposite substrate which are overlapped on each other with a seal interposed therebetween. The seal has a liquid crystal inlet port through which liquid crystal is filled into a space enclosed by the seal between the substrates. A width of the liquid crystal inlet port is made wider than a width of an effective display area of the liquid crystal cell, so that, when the liquid crystal is filled into the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal flows uniformly without disturbing an orientation of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a plurality of pairs of top and bottom pixel electrodes, each of which has a plurality of sub-areas to which different voltages are applied, wherein at least any one of the top and bottom pixel electrodes has an optical compensation layer which has an optically negative uni-axial structure. The liquid crystal display may have a liquid crystal layer which has co-existing different domains differing in the twisted direction and the tilting up direction of the liquid crystal and at least an optical compensation layer having a bi-axial refractive anisotropy between the liquid crystal layer and the polarization plate, wherein the bi-axial refractive anisotropy of the optical compensation layer has three different refractive indexes n.sub.x, n.sub.y, n.sub.z which satisfy the relationship of n.sub.x >n.sub.y >n.sub.z where n.sub.x is the refractive index in a direction parallel to an X-axis parallel to a surface of the optical compensation layer, n.sub.

Abstract: A plurality of pixels are arrayed in a matrix format on the liquid crystal panel of a liquid crystal display. GH liquid crystal layers and transparent electrodes for displaying a plurality of different colors are alternately stacked on a reflecting plate, and therefore each pixel has three liquid crystal layers. Pieces of potential information supplied to the respective liquid crystal layers are controlled by switching elements connected to signal lines and scanning lines. The signal lines and the scanning lines are respectively connected to driving ICs, which are connected to a signal processing circuit. In each pixel, while the potential information of one liquid crystal layer is controlled, the remaining liquid crystal layers are set in a floating state.

Abstract: The invention provides a system in which a photoelectric sensor having a transparent electrode and a photoconductive layer formed on a transparent substrate in this order is opposed to a liquid crystal recording medium having a transparent electrode and a polymer dispersion type of liquid crystal layer formed on a transparent substrate in this order, and voltage is applied between both the electrodes for exposure to image-carrying light, so that the liquid crystals are oriented to record the information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an elliptically polarizing plate comprising a polarizing film and an optical compensatory sheet provided, in which the compensatory sheet has a direction of a minimum retardation inclined at 5 to 50 degrees from the normal of the sheet. A process for preparation of the elliptically polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display provided with the elliptically polarizing plate are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a thermally addressed display and a method for manufacturing a thermally addressed display. The device uses thermoelectric elements to transition liquid crystal molecules from one optical state to another. The display can be manufactured on a flexible film and can be fabricated as either a color or monochrome display. The display can be constructed as a seven segment display, a pixel based display, or a symbolic display.

Abstract: Method for fabricating a liquid crystal display, is disclosed, including the steps of forming a first semiconductor layer in a thin film transistor region on a substrate and forming a second semiconductor layer in a storage capacitor region on the substrate, forming a gate insulating film on the first, and second semiconductor layers and forming a gate electrode over the first semiconductor layer in the thin film transistor region, injecting impurity ions into entire surface of the substrate using the gate electrode as a mask in forming a source region and a drain region in the first semiconductor layer, forming a first interlayer insulating film on entire surface of the substrate including the gate electrode and forming a first contact hole such that the first contact hole exposes the source region, forming a data line on a part of the first interlayer insulating film such that the data line is connected to the source region through the first contact hole, forming a second interlayer insulating film on entir

Abstract: An object of the technology of our invention is to solve a luminance defect viewed as a "seam" or the like and to provide a liquid crystal display device having a screen for equally displaying an image. For example, when an exposing process is performed for one conductor layer or a dielectric layer, a total of four photomasks are used corresponding to four shot areas. A light insulation layer of a photomask used for the exposing process for patterning for example a signal line is formed so that it becomes a projection pattern of the signal line. The photomasks corresponding to adjacent shot areas are formed so that patterns of the light insulation layers of the boundary portion are engaged with each other on the plane.

Abstract: The method of fabricating a nonlinear resistance element includes the steps of: forming on a substrate a first conductive film having tantalum as a main component to which is added tungsten; forming an insulating film on the first conductive film by anodization of the first conductive film, using an electrolyte comprising tungstic acid ions and under conditions by which the pH of the electrolyte is conditioned in accordance with the tungsten concentration within the first conductive film; and forming a second conductive film on the insulating film. The "polarity difference" of the nonlinear resistance element varies with the tungsten concentration in the first conductive film, and it also varies with the pH of the electrolyte, even when the tungsten concentration is the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal image displaying/reading apparatus includes a first transparent substrate; a second transparent substrate placed in parallel with the first transparent substrate with a fixed space therebetween; a set of display electrodes formed on the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate so that a plurality of display pixels arranged in a matrix with a prescribed gap therebetween are formed at the first transparent substrate; a plurality of light receiving elements formed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate at the position facing the gap for receiving light to convert the light into current; a reading device formed at the position facing the gap with the light receiving elements interposed for reading a signal received by the light receiving elements; and liquid crystal loaded between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, wherein the reading device includes a first transparent reading electrode formed on the

Abstract: A display unit includes an optical modulation element for subjecting an incident light beam to optical modulation, and a coolant disposed in contact with an output side of the optical modulation element, wherein a focal distance of an output light beam of the optical modulation element is set to a predetermined distance in accordance with a length of the output light beam of the optical modulation element, which passes through the coolant.

Abstract: A phase spatial light modulator composed of a liquid crystal cell and a reflective element. The modulator capable of receiving and modulating substantially 100% of unpolarized light impinging thereupon. The modulator intended for use within an electro-optical system additionally composed of a light source, driver/control circuitry and an optional optical magnification system. In operation, an external stimulus is applied, such as a voltage supplied by an external power source, thereby changing the phase of light emitted therethrough, generating two beams of light traveling in different directions. The first beam of light impinges upon the reflective element and is reflected to travel in the same directional path as the second beam of light.

Abstract: A light adjusting sheet for a planar lighting device includes a plurality of convex and concave ridges or regions arranged alternately and approximately parallel to each other on one surface. Each of the convex regions and concave regions are formed by two flat surfaces. The ridges may have a cross section of a sine curve. Another light adjusting sheet consists of a plurality of single sheets each having the above configuration, stacked together. A planar lighting device includes the light adjusting sheet of the above configuration, wherein peak lines of the convex ridges and bottom lines of the concave ridges are arranged to make a predetermined angle with an axis of a linear light source. The liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display element placed on front of the planar lighting device of the above configuration.