Abstract: A process for the preparation of a base oil and middle distillate which is stable to oxidation and low temperature from a mineral oil fraction having a boiling range above 350.degree. C., by, in a first step, converting the mineral oil fraction on a hydrocracking catalyst under hydrocracking conditions to an extent of from 20 to 80% by weight into fractions which boil below 360.degree. C., separating the reactor effluent, if necessary, into liquid and gas phases in a high-pressure separator, treating the entire reactor effluent or only the liquid phase, directly or after removal of the fractions boiling below 360.degree. C. by distillation, in a second step with hydrogen at from 200.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: A spent metal contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition is reactivated by a process which comprises contacting with an aqueous solution of at least one carboxylic acid (preferably at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid and lactic acid). The thus reactivated catalyst composition can be employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process which minimizes the fouling of the process unit with 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds by means of partially condensing the hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrocracking zone to produce an unconverted hydrocarbon stream comprising trace quantities of 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds and contacting the unconverted hydrocarbon stream with an adsorbent which selectively retains the 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds before the unconverted hydrocarbon stream is recycled to the hydrocracking zone.

Abstract: Phosphorus derivatives of polyalkenylsuccinimides and methods of use of such derivatives as antifoulants in liquid hydrocarbonaceous mediums, such as crude oil, during processing at elevated temperatures are disclosed. The derivatives are formed via reaction of a polyalkenylsuccinimide intermediate with formaldehyde and a phosphorus compound having at least one acidic hydrogen P--H bond. The intermediate is first formed via reaction of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride and polyamine.

Abstract: A reforming process using a Supported Group VIII noble metal reforming catalyst which has been pretreated with an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon at elevated temperatures, thereby lowering activity during initial reforming operations and reducing gas production during the initial operation.

Abstract: A method of compatibilization asphaltenes containing bituminous liquids which process comprises:a) reacting an asphaltene with phosphorous trichloride to form a phosphochlorinated asphaltene containing from about 0.01 wt % to about 20 wt % phosphorous;b) reacting the phosphochlorinated asphaltene with an equimolar amount of aliphatic or aromatic amines and polyamines selected from the group consisting of:(i) a piperzine;(ii) an aliphatic amine;(iii) an alkyl piperdize;(iv) an aligomeric mixed polyether aliphatic terminal diamine;(v) an oligomeric polyether aliphatic terminal amine;(vi) an oligermic polyether aliphatic terminal triamine;(vii) a substituted aromatic polyether terminal amine; and(viii) an oligomeric or polymeric amine to produce a capatibilized asphaltene; and(c) recovering the asphaltene product.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking process using a high efficiency regenerator comprising a coke combustor, a dilute phase transport riser, and a second fluidized bed with catalyst recirculation to the coke combustor, is operated to reduce NO.sub.x emissions in the regenerator flue gas. The amount of catalyst recirculation from the second fluidized bed to the coke combustor or combustion air addition or preferably both are adjusted based on continuous or periodic measurement of a process parameter of the FCC regenerator which directly or indirectly measures the NO.sub.x content of regenerator flue gas. Operation with restricted air or catalyst recirculation degrades coke combustor operation, shifts some regeneration to downstream portions of the regenerator, and reduces NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: Water is separated from an MEK toluene dewaxing solvent by pervaporation through a poly(vinyl pyridine) membrane which has been cross-linked with 1,4-dibromobutane mounted on a polyacrylonitrile support layer.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for regeneration of coked catalyst used in the fluidized cracking of heavy oils is disclosed. A high efficiency catalyst regenerator, with a fast fluidized bed coke combustor, dilute phase transport riser, and second fluidized bed is used but modified so that at least some coked catalyst is added directly to the second fluidized bed. The coked catalyst can be heated by direct contact heat exchange in the second fluidized bed and then charged to the coke combustor, or the coked catalyst can be regenerated in the second fluidized bed, or some combination of both. Adding catalyst to the second fluidized bed increases the coke burning capacity of these regenerators, and/or permits a drier regeneration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing oil, bitumen, precious metals, and hydrocarbon gases from mined oil-bearing rock material, such as tar sands and soil shale. The rock is ground, preconditioned in a heated and pressurized atmosphere devoid of oxygen, and subsequently centrifuged in the presence of an oil-replacement gas to produce oil, and also any precious metal particles that are present in the oil-bearing rock material. The produced oil and precious metals are subsequently separated from each other by centrifuging.

Abstract: A process for purifying linear paraffins in which a hydrocarbon stream containing linear paraffins contaminated with aromatics, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing compounds, and color bodies, but essentially free of olefins, is contacted with a solid absorbent such as a NaX zeolite or zeolite MgY. After adsorption the adsorbent is desorbed with an alkyl- substituted aromatic desorbent, such as tuluene. The initial effluent from the adsorb cycle, which will contain a high concentration of residual desorbent, is recycled to a desorbent recovery system. The level of desorbent in the adsorber effluent is monitored on a real time basis until the desorbent level of the adsorber effluent declines from a plateau level, i.e., a 100% plateau level, that correlates with the level of impurities, particularly the aromatic impurities in the feed, which is an indication of aromatics breakthrough, thereby signaling the need to switch the adsorbent beds.

Abstract: Tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts provide high yields of C.sub.5 + liquid reformate in catalytic reforming, concurrent with high activity. In particular, the tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts are of unusually high selectivity, as contrasted with known iridium promoted platinum catalysts. The high selectivity is manifested in reforming a naphtha feed in a reactor charged to capacity with the catalyst, but particularly when used in the dehydrocyclization zone, or tail reactor of a series of reactors, while the lead reactors of the series contain a non tin-containing platinum catalyst, especially a platinum-iridium, or a platinum-rhenium catalyst. The tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts are also highly active, with only moderate loss in the high activity for which iridium stabilized platinum catalysts are known.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream containing a non-distillable component to produce a distillable hydrocarbonaceous product and a heavy product comprising the non-distillable component while minimizing thermal degradation of the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream with a hot first hydrogen-rich gaseous stream having a temperature greater than the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream in a flash zone at flash conditions without indirect heat exchange thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrocarbonaceous feed stream and vaporizing at least a portion thereof to provide a hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen and a heavy product comprising the non-distillable component; (b) removing the hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen from the flash zone without contacting the vapor stream with hydrocarbonaceous liquid; (c) condensing at least a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprisin

Abstract: 2'-hydroxy-4' or 5'-alkylacetophenone oximes and 2-hydroxy-4 or 5-alkylbenzaldehyde oximes are used to deactivate iron species contained in hydrocarbon fluids. Left untreated, iron leads to decomposition of the hydrocarbon, resulting in the formation of gummy, polymer masses in the hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing RCS from off-spec white mineral oil prepared by catalytic hydrogenation by filtering the off-spec white mineral oil through a bleaching clay, such as a smectite clay, particularly an acid treated montmorillonite clay, such as bentonite or attapulgite.

Abstract: A fluid coking-gasification process for converting heavy hydrocarbonaceous chargestocks to lower boiling products in which calcium silicate is used to mitigate bogging, slagging, or both. The calcium silicate can be added directly to the heavy hydrocarbonaceous chargestock to mitigate both bogging and slagging or it can be added directly into the gasifier to mitigate slagging.

Abstract: A process for producing gasoline components from a hydrocarbonaceous feed containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 4 carbon atoms is disclosed. The process comprises the following steps:a) separating feed into a heavy fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 7 carbon atoms, an intermediate fraction containing mainly hydrocarbons comprising 6 or 7 carbon atoms, and a light fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at most 6 carbon atoms,b) isomerizing at least part of the light fraction,c) combining effluent of step b) with the intermediate fraction, separating off a stream containing normal hydrocarbons and a stream containing branched hydrocarbons, andd) passing at least part of the stream containing normal hydrocarbons to isomerization step b).

Abstract: A process for removing S and Fe and to reclaim V, Ni and Co from coal or oil and their derivatives or from minerals. The process is based upon an oxidative extraction performed with hypochlorous acid (HClO) whose oxidizing power is generated and regulated "in situ". The process is particularly applicable to the recovery of V from residual flexi-coke and to the recovery of Ni from coal.

Abstract: A novel treated charge zeolite is prepared by treating charge zeolite (which is essentially free of Secondary Pores) with steam for 5-60 hours at 1000.degree. F.-1500.degree. F. Product is particularly characterized by increased Secondary Pore Volume (pores of diameter of 100A-600A) in amount of as high as 0.20 cc/g.

Abstract: A two-stage method is provided for converting diamondoid-containing wash oils to gasoline comprising a first hydrocracking stage and a second reforming stage. In the most preferred embodiment, process conditions are controlled to effect a substantially hydrogen-balanced conversion of diamondoid-containing solvent to a motor gasoline blending component.