Abstract: Waxy hydrocarbon oils, e.g., of petroleum origin, are catalytically dewaxed to produce high viscosity index lubricating oil stocks utilizing as catalyst acidic zeolite ZSM-48.

Abstract: An improved process for the hydroconversion of coal comprising pretreating coal in an aqeuous carbon monoxide-containing environment, followed by extracting a soluble hydrocarbon material from the coal, and subsequently hydroconverting the extracted material in a hydroconversion reactor with a high catalyst loading to obtain a nearly finished product with low heteroatom levels. The extracted material consists of a relatively hydrogen-rich material which is readily converted to valuable liquid products in high yield. The residue from the extraction stage is relatively hydrogen deficient material which can be gasified to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide for the hydroconversion and pretreatment stages, respectively.

Abstract: In a process for the concomitant hydrogenation of aromatics and sulfur-bearing hydrocarbons in an aromatics- and sulfur-bearing, diesel boiling-range hydrocarbon feedstock, the feedstock is contacted at a temperature between about 600.degree. F. and about 750.degree. F. and a pressure between about 600 psi and about 2500 psi in the presence of added hydrogen with a first catalyst bed containing a hydrotreating catalyst containing nickel, tungsten and optionally phosphorous supported on an alumina support, and, after contact with the first catalyst bed, the hydrogen and feedstock without modification, is passed from the first catalyst bed to a second catalyst bed where it is contacted at a temperature between about 600.degree. F. and about 750.degree. F. and a pressure between about 600 psi and about 2500 psi with a hydrotreating catalyst containing cobalt and/or nickel, molybdenum and optionally phosphorous supported on an alumina support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for injecting sludge into the vapor phase of a coking process to vaporize the sludge while minimizing the carryover of solids and coke to downstream equipment. The process and apparatus are applicable to use in both fluid and delayed coking operations and are useful on various sludges which can be found in refineries or petrochemical plants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dewaxing an atomspheric or a vacuum gas oil in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising:a/ 2 to 99.4% by weight of a synthetic crystalline zeolite of the ferrisilicate type, the approximate chemical formula of the zeolite being M.sub.2/n O, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, xSiO.sub.2 where M represents a proton and/or a metal cation, n is the valence of M and x is a number ranging from 40 to 1,000, the zeolite having been synthetized in a fluoride medium and showing a fluorine content ranging from about 0.01 to 1.6% by weight, the zeolite having an X-ray diffraction diagram represented in Table 1 of the description;b/ 0.1 to 97.5% by weight of a matrix; andc/ at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, NiO, CoO, MoO.sub.3 and WO.sub.3.

Abstract: Recarburizer coke containing not more than 0.1 weight percent sulfur and not more than 0.1 weight percent nitrogen is prepared by severe catalytic hydrotreating, followed by thermal cracking, and delayed coking of vacuum gas oil obtained from the vacuum distillation of FCC decant oil.

Abstract: A process for separating 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene form a 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene-containing mixture which comprises mixing said mixture with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone to thereby form a complex, separating a solid matter containing said complex and decomposing the solid matter containing the same to thereby separate and collect an oil rich in the 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. According to this process, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene can be readily separated at a high selectivity. Further, the 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone can be readily recovered and reused as such.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a process for the selective separation of at least one component of a gaseous feedstream comprising passing the feedstream containing the component through a separation unit, the separation unit containing a porous membrane having a feed side and a permeate side, and a pore size of from about 10 Angstroms to about 200 Angstroms, and having disposed in the pores of the porous membrane a facilitator liquid comprising a carrier dissolved in a suitable solvent, including:a) dissolving the component in the facilitator liquid on the feed side of the porous membrane at the feed gas/membrane interface;b) forming a component-carrier complex;c) diffusing the complex to the permeate side of the porous membrane; andd) releasing the component from the carrier.

Abstract: Heavy crude oil emulsions are converted to lighter essentially sulphur-free and nitrogen-free hydrocarbons by Group VI B or Group VIII B metal compounds or complexes along with carbon monoxide, hydrogen or mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and broken without the necessity for prior emulsion treatment and separation.

Abstract: The process for obtaining a p-xylene final product more than 98% pure from a crystalline starting material with a purity of about 98%, includes the steps of intermixing the starting material with precooled water and fed back recovered p-xylene in a mixer at a temperature of 0.degree. to 13.degree. C. to form a p-xylene-crystal-water mixture containing p-xylene crystals and water; continuously transferring the mixture produced as soon as it contains about 30% by weight p-xylene crystals into a purifying centrifuge via a dewatering filter to form a fluid phase and a p-xylene crystal slurry; separating the fluid phase further from the p-xylene crystals in a first stage of a purifying centrifuge, mixing the p-xylene crystal slurry in a second stage with a partial flow of final product, heating at about 13.degree. C.

Abstract: A new membrane for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures of said aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons has been prepared comprising a highly aromatic polyurea/urethane membrane. These highly aromatic polyurea/urethane membranes are symmetric, dense film membranes made from the corresponding polyurea/urethane copolymers by standard membrane casting techniques. The polyurea/urethane copolymers are produced by reacting dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compounds, such as polyethers or polyesters having molecular weights in the range of about 500 to 5000 with aliphatic, alkylaromatic or aromatic diisocyanates or polyisocyanates and low molecular weight chain extenders, such as diamines, polyamines or amino alcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extracting water mixed with a liquid fluid. The process is characterized in particular by carrying out the following steps:forming a dispersion of hydrates of a gas within the fluid, these hydrates being formed from water and gas in a sufficient quantity, the gas being suitable for forming hydrates;separating the hydrates from at least most of the fluid, the hydrates possibly being with a remaining part of the fluid, andbreaking down the hydrates previously concentrated in order to obtain gas and water.

Abstract: An improved process for catalytically dewaxing low nitrogen content hydrocarbon oils, such as distilled hydrocracker bottoms which normally form by-product naphtha of variable, but poor octane quality. The improvement is achieved by doping the low nitrogen content oil with a small amount of high nitrogen content gas oil, resulting in a by-product naphtha having a clear research octane of about 90, which octane is relatively insensitive to adjustment of pour point during processing.

Abstract: An improvement has been found in the gas recovery section of a delayed coking process. In the improvement the compressor discharge is amine scrubbed to remove hydrogen sulfide. The compressor discharge is the entire vapor feed to the gas recovery section and contains about 90% of the hydrogen sulfide. This has been found to cause a significant drop in both the depropanizer and debutanizer pressure and allow a saving in the investment cost of the pressure vessel. Synergistically a reduced amount of hydrogen sulfide is present in the entire gas recovery section. The remaining 10% of the hydrogen sulfide is removed by amine scrubbing the fuel gas and propane/propylene fractions.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process uses a separation section that reduces the loss of C.sub.4 and higher hydrocarbons through the use of a low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio in the reactor and the adsorptive removal of a majority of hydrogen sulfide from a liquid phase hydrotreater effluent. Sulfurous hydrocarbon feed is admixed with hydrogen to maintain a hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio of less than 50 SCFB. The hydrogen and hydrocarbons are passed through a hydrotreater reactor to convert sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S. The hydrotreater effluent is cooled and after flashing of any excess hydrogen or light ends the cooled effluent is contacted with an adsorbent material for the removal of H.sub.2 S. A hydrotreated hydrocarbon product is withdrawn from the adsorption section. The low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio permits the process to be used without the recycle of hydrogen thereby eliminating the need for separators and compressors that were formly used to recycle hydrogen to the hydrotreater.

Abstract: A method for removing a tertiary halide from an olefin hydrocarbon stream which comprises contacting the hydrocarbon stream with activated alumina at a temperature of about -40.degree. to about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: The coarse-grain CTE of premium coke is reduced by increasing the nominal velocity of the volatile coking by-products in the coking drum to a higher level than the preexisting nominal velocity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of an aliphatic feedstream in which an oxygen-deficient flue gas is used to directly transfer heat to the primary conversion reaction. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the primary conversion reactor effluent are converted to methanol or Fischer-Tropsch liquid and may be recycled to the primary conversion reactor. Preferred primary conversion reactions include dehydrogenation and aromatization of aliphatics.

Abstract: In the separation of a compressed multi-component hydrocarbon stream containing liquid and gas phases to produce a liquid product stream having a specified maximum vapor pressure and a gas product stream having a specified maximum cricondenbar, gas flaring can be reduced and other advantages obtained by the method of(i) separating the liquid and gas phases in one or more separation stages at progressively reduced pressures to produce said liquid product stream, and(ii) treating the recovered gas phase to obtain the gas product stream by partial condensation of the recovered gas phase and separation of the condensate so formed; wherein(iii) step (ii) includes the step of rectifying the recovered gas phase in a refluxing exchanger and separating the condensate so formed.

Abstract: Premium coke having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and containing reduced fluff coke is obtained by subjecting an aromatic mineral oil to reduced temperature delayed coking, thereafter converting uncoked oil in the coke drum to coke under delayed coking conditions by continuing coking in the presence of a aromatic mineral oil capable forming coke admixed with a non-coking material circulated through the coke drum as a heating fluid. After termination of the heating fluid, the coke in the coke drum is subjected to a heat soak in the presence of a non-coking material at an elevated temperature preferably above the delayed coking conditions.