Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device comprises first and second substrates, a plurality of gate and data bus lines defining pixel regions and arranged on the first substrate, a plurality of data electrodes on same plane of the data bus lines these some parts are overlapped with adjacent gate bus line, a passivation layer on the data electrodes, a plurality of common electrodes on the passivation layer these some parts are overlapped with adjacent data electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device of the prior art, a liquid crystal panel is fixed by a panel receiving portion of a lamp cover. When the liquid crystal display device is assembled, the liquid crystal panel rides on the panel receiving portion so that it cannot be positioned while being chipped. A liquid crystal display device is constructed: by arranging, on the back of a liquid crystal panel 1 for displaying an image, an optical guide plate unit 5 constructed to irradiate the whole surface of the liquid crystal panel 1 with a light coming from a lamp unit 2 and reflected by a lamp reflector 3; by positioning the liquid crystal panel 1 in contact with a liquid crystal panel receiving portion 8 which is rounded by folding back a lamp cover 4 constructed to cover the lamp unit 2; and by supporting and fixing the liquid crystal panel 1 and the optical guide plate unit 5 by a front frame 7 and a back frame 6.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which can protect a cell region from ESD and improve a display area, is disclosed. A liquid liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, includes: a cell region arranged on the overall region of an array substrate; a gate line and a data line arranged in the shape of matrix on the cell region; an ESD protection part disposed at one side of a cross portion of the gate line and the data line, the ESD protection part protecting the gate line and the data line from ESD; and a thin film transistor disposed at the other side of the cross portion, the thin film transistor acting as a switching element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided with a switching element in neighborhoods of crossing points of a gate wiring and a data wiring. An interlayer insulating film is provided on the switching element. A pixel electrode connected with the switching element is provided on the interlayer insulating film. Moreover, a spacer for keeping a thickness of a liquid crystal layer constant is disposed in the liquid crystal layer and in a sealing member for sealing the liquid crystal layer. Materials of the interlayer insulating film and spacers are optimized. This configuration prevents degradation of a defective ratio and reliability due to the spacer disposed in the liquid crystal layer sinking into the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is disclosed. The display includes a first substrate having a first surface, and a second substrate having a second surface being in parallel and opposite to the first surface. A pixel area is defined on the second surface. The display further includes a first electrode positioned on the first substrate, a pixel electrode positioned on the pixel area of the second substrate, a first slit positioned on the pixel electrode along a first direction, and a plurality of negative liquid crystal molecules positioned between the first electrode and the pixel electrode. The longitudinal axis of the liquid crystal molecules are positioned along a second direction horizontally. A first angle is formed between the second direction and the first direction.

Abstract: A display device and an electronic timepiece displays information, such as numerical information, and the background has a glossy silver metallic tone, to give the display a quality appearance. The display device and the electronic timepiece includes a polarizer, a liquid crystal panel, and a polarization separating film. The polarization separating film transmits linearly polarized light oriented in a certain direction and reflects all other linearly polarized light. The surface of the polarization separating film which opposes the liquid crystal panel, is formed into a smooth surface which specularly reflects light, and a light-scattering layer is not provided therebetween. Light, reflected from the polarization separating film, is used to produce a glossy silver background color or information display with a metallic tone in order to give the display a quality appearance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pixel electrode, a counter electrode, and a liquid crystal between the electrodes. Liquid crystal molecules in contact or near the respective opposed surfaces of the electrodes have specified pretilt angles as a result of the conditioning of those surfaces. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is in a splay alignment state; applying voltage prior to image display causes a transition of transformation of the splay alignment state to a bend alignment state; image display is carried out under the bend alignment state. Transition from the splay alignment state to the bend alignment state is promoted by having a large pretilt angle domain formed on at least one of the electrode surfaces causing a larger pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules than is present in a region surrounding the large pretilt angle domain.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a vertical alignment layer provided thereon; a second substrate having a horizontal alignment layer provided thereon; a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a concave-convex structure for regulating an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules and a transparent conductive, layer provided on the concave-convex structure, the concave-convex structure being provided on one of the first substrate and the second substrate with one of the vertical alignment layer and the horizontal alignment layer interposed therebetween. The liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the horizontal alignment layer are aligned in an axially symmetrical manner when no voltage is provided, and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer-are aligned substantially vertically relative to the first substrate and the second substrate when a voltage is applied.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates 10, 20, and a liquid crystal layer 30 formed between said pair of substrates 10, 20, wherein one substrate 10 is equipped with a first polymer spacer 13 and 14, a second polymer spacer 16 formed to have overlapped areas over the first polymer spacer, and pillar-like protrusions 17 formed on said overlapped areas of the second polymer spacer 16.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal layer has a helical pitch changing in the thickness direction and shows circular dichroism over a wavelength region having a width of at least 50 nm and including a wavelength of 520 nm, wherein the linearly polarized light obtained through a quarter-wavelength plate has a maximum degree of polarization at a wavelength not longer than 520 nm, or the degree of polarization thereof in a wavelength region on the shorter-wavelength side of 520 nm is higher than that in a wavelength region on the longer-wavelength side of 520 nm. The optical element comprises a multilayer structure composed of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer and at least one optical layer superposed thereon which is a retardation compensating plate, a polarizing plate, a light conductive plate, or a quarter-wavelength plate having an Nz of −0.8 to −2.0 and disposed on the longer-helical pitch side of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The normally white reflection type liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises: a polarization plate; a quarter wavelength plate; a transparent substrate; a transparent electrode; and a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer, wherein said polarization plate, said quarter wavelength plate, said transparent substrate, said transparent electrode, and said twisted nematic liquid crystal layer are layered in sequence from a light inputting side, and the angle between the optical axis of said quarter wavelength plate and the transmission axis of said polarization plate is below 65 degrees and above 45 degrees, or below 45 degrees and above 25 degrees.

Abstract: The electro-optical apparatus of the invention has a pair of substrates and an electro-optical material held between these substrates. The TFT array substrate may be formed into a concave shape in non-aperture areas containing the data line, the scanning line, the capacitor line and the TFT. Further, the areas opposite to the connecting lines in the sealed area may be formed into a concave shape. In the electro-optical apparatus having such a configuration, it is possible to reduce steps resulting from the presence of various wiring lines and elements in the image display area and the sealed area, by the use of a relatively simple configuration.

Abstract: A process for the fabrication of a fiber-based information display using a lost glass process includes drawing a fiber from a preform composed of at least two different glass compositions, where one of the compositions is a dissolvable glass, and removing the dissolvable glass with a liquid solution to change a cross-sectional shape of the drawn fiber. The lost glass process can be used to create an exposed wire electrode, where the drawn fiber contains a wire electrode that is exposed when the dissolvable glass is removed. The lost glass process can also be used to hold the shape and a tight tolerance of the drawn fiber. The cross-sectional shape of the fibers created using the lost glass process are suitable for use in an information display, such as plasma emissive displays, plasma addressed liquid crystal displays, and field emissive displays.

Abstract: The transmission type liquid crystal display device of this invention includes: gate lines; source lines; and switching elements each arranged near a crossing of each gate line and each source line, a gate electrode of each switching element being connected to the gate line, a source electrode of the switching element being connected to the source line, and a drain electrode of the switching element being connected to a pixel electrode for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer, wherein an interlayer insulating film formed of an, organic film with high transparency is provided above the switching element, the gate line, and the source line, and wherein the pixel electrode formed of a transparent conductive film is provided on the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to obtain achromatic display with high contrast and high lightness. A reflection type liquid crystal display device of NB mode comprises a liquid crystal cell having an STN type liquid crystal layer; a first phase difference plate; a second phase difference plate; a polarizing plate, the first and second phase difference plates and polarizing plate being disposed on one surface of the liquid crystal cell in this order; and a reflecting layer disposed in the liquid crystal cell, the reflecting layer forming the other surface of the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal layer retardation &Dgr;nLC.dLC, the first phase difference plate retardation &Dgr;n1.d1 and the second phase difference plate retardation &Dgr;n2.d2 are selected from the ranges of 660 nm to 830 nm, 120 nm to 240 nm and 300 nm to 430 nm, respectively. A twist angle &khgr; is selected from the range of 220° to 260°.

Abstract: A method and structure for reducing the resistivity of a repair line in an active panel includes a repair line made of a gate material and a method for manufacturing the same. All parts of the repair line comprise low resistivity metal such as aluminum or copper so that a detoured data signal is not delayed.

Abstract: A gate line is formed on a substrate in a horizontal direction and a data repair line is formed on the same layer as the gate line in a vertical direction. The repair line is divided into two portions with respect to the gate line. A gate insulating film is formed on the gate line and the data repair line, and a data line is formed on the gate insulating film along the repair line having a smaller width than the repair line, a passivation film being deposited thereon. Contact holes are formed in the passivation film, and contact holes to expose both ends of the divided repair line are formed in the passivation film and gate insulating film. A transparent connecting pattern formed on the passivation film contacts the data line and the repair line through the contact holes. Both the ends of the repair line are extended from the data line. A pixel electrode is formed on the passivation film, and the pixel electrode overlaps the edges of the repair line at a predetermined width.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has an increased aperture ratio achieved by an increased area surrounded by the pixel electrode in a pixel area. However, this may result in poor image quality due to the excited interference voltage that is generated by parasitic capacitance created by the overlap of the pixel electrode and the data lines. At different portions of the data lines, the area of overlap between the pixel electrode and the data lines are different. Thus, to eliminate the excited interference voltage and enhance image quality, the thickness of the dielectric member between the pixel electrodes and the data lines is different so that the parasitic capacitance of the parasitic capacitors is about the same.

Abstract: A holographic universal display according to the present invention uses reflective lighting for a liquid-crystal panel. The system comprises at least two waveguide holograms in a matched configuration that redirects incident light beams as diffracted beams so that the beams passing out of the display are targeted towards the viewer. That is to say, light beams that are incident to the display at large angles, over a wide range, with respect to normal are redirected into a set, narrow range of angles close to the required angle for optimal viewing. The required angle for optimal viewing is nominally perpendicular to the plane of the display (i.e., normal), but is optionally selectable (by design of the holograms) to be an angle varies from the strict perpendicular.

Abstract: A display module includes a liquid crystal panel for displaying a predetermined image, a light emitter which is arranged on the liquid crystal panel and emits light for displaying an image, and a bag which contains and fixes the liquid display panel and the light emitter. The bag includes at least an area through which an image display area of the liquid crystal panel can be seen. The bag has an opening which is sealed up, and the inside thereof is retained in a low-pressure atmosphere.